WT-1、Smac蛋白在上皮性卵巢癌中的表达和临床意义研究

目的:探讨WT-1和Smac蛋白在上皮性卵巢癌中的表达及其临床意义。方法:应用免疫组织化学染色方法检测40例正常卵巢组织,40例卵巢上皮性良性肿瘤组织,60例全面分期手术治疗的上皮性卵巢癌组织中WT-1、Smac蛋白的表达,并分析WT-1、Smac蛋白的表达与上皮性卵巢癌临床病理特征的相关性及二者之间的相关性。结果:WT-1蛋白在上皮性卵巢癌组织中的表达明显高于正常卵巢组织或卵巢上皮性良性肿瘤组织(P0.05);Smac蛋白在上皮性卵巢癌组织中表达明显低于正常卵巢组织或卵巢上皮性良性肿瘤组织(P0.05)。上皮性卵巢癌组织中WT-1、Smac蛋白的表达与肿瘤临床分期、组织分化程度、淋巴结有无转移均显著相关(P0.05)。且上皮性卵巢癌中WT-1、Smac蛋白的表达呈明显负相关性(r=-0.35,P0.05)。结论:WT-1蛋白高表达或Smac蛋白低表达可能在上皮性卵巢癌的发生、发展中发挥重要作用,检测WT-1、Smac蛋白的表达有助于上皮性卵巢癌恶性程度的判断和预后评估。     

PDCD4和DNMT1在卵巢上皮性癌中的表达及其临床意义

目的:检测PDCD4和DNMT1在正常卵巢组织、卵巢良性肿瘤组织、卵巢上皮性癌组织中的表达,并探讨其临床意义。方法:采用免疫组化法检测20例正常卵巢、25例卵巢良性肿瘤、40例卵巢上皮性癌组织中PDCD4和DNMT1的表达情况,分析其与卵巢上皮性癌临床病理参数之间的关系。结果:正常及良性卵巢组织中PDCD4的阳性表达率明显高于卵巢癌组(P0.05),卵巢癌的FIGO分期越高,PDCD4的表达越低,卵巢癌的病理分化程度越低,PDCD4的表达也越低,PDCD4的表达与卵巢癌的组织类型、腹水、年龄、是否绝经无关。正常及良性卵巢组织中DNMT1的阳性表达率明显低于卵巢癌组(P0.05),卵巢癌的病理分化程度越低,DNMT1的表达越高,但其与卵巢癌的FIGO分期、组织类型、腹水、年龄、是否绝经均无关。卵巢癌中DNMT1的与PDCD4的表达呈显著负相关(P0.05)。结论:PDCD4和DNMT1在卵巢癌中的表达呈负相关,PDCD4的表达下调和DNMT1的表达上调可能在卵巢癌的发生及发展中起重要作用。     

上皮性卵巢肿瘤组织MKP-1及p-ERK1/2蛋白表达的研究

研究丝裂原活化蛋白激酶（mitogen activated protein kinase, MAPK） 相关蛋白丝裂原活化蛋白激酶磷酸酶（mitogen activated protein kinase phosphatase-1, MKP-1）和磷酸化细胞外信号调节激酶（phosphorylation extracellular signal-regulated kinases, p-ERK1/2）曲在上皮性卵巢肿瘤组织及正常卵巢组织中的表达差异,并探讨其在卵巢癌发生、发展中的作用,为卵巢癌的治疗提供新的思路及实验依据。选取64例上皮性卵巢癌、35例卵巢上皮性交界瘤及32例卵巢上皮性良性肿瘤患者的组织,另选取26例正常卵巢组织作对照,进行MKP-1及p-ERK1/2的免疫组化分析,并同时对其中部分病例进行上述蛋白的Western—blot研究。结果显示正常卵巢、良性肿瘤、交界瘤及卵巢癌组织MKP—1的表达依次递减,各组之间进行两两比较均有显著性差异（P〈0．01）,FIGOⅢ期与Ⅳ期卵巢癌组织MKP-1的表达显著低于Ⅰ期与Ⅱ期卵巢癌组织（P〈0．01）;而p-ERK1/2在正常卵巢、良性肿瘤、交界瘤及卵巢癌组织的表达依次递增．各组之间进行两两比较也均有显著性差异（P〈0．01）。FIGOⅢ期与Ⅳ期卵巢癌组织P～ERK1/2的表达显著高于Ⅰ期与Ⅱ期卵巢癌组织（P〈0．01）。且免疫组化及western—blot均显示MKP-1与p—ERK1/2在卵巢癌组织中的表达存在显著的负相关性,（r=-0．90,P〈0．01及r=-0．78,P〈0．01）。本研究结果表明MKP-1与p—ERK1/2的异常表达可能跟上皮性卵巢肿瘤的发生、发展有关,它们之间的表达失衡可能是卵巢癌发生、发展的原因之一．     

DKK3在上皮性卵巢癌中表达的初步探索

目的:探讨DKK3表达与卵巢上皮性癌的关系。方法:采用免疫组化法检测不同卵巢组织DKK3蛋白表达水平,其中88例卵巢上皮性癌组织(以下简称卵巢癌组织)、39例卵巢良性肿瘤组织及46例正常卵巢组织。结果:DKK3在正常卵巢组织、卵巢良性肿瘤及卵巢癌组织的表达有明显差异,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。而DKK3表达与上皮性卵巢癌的临床病理分期及分化程度无关(P0.05)。结论:DKK3表达水平下降与卵巢癌有关,DKK3可作为预测卵巢癌的指标。     

TRPM3表达上调通过调控Beclin1的表达促进卵巢癌细胞自噬

目的:探讨瞬时受体电位离子通道3(TRPM3)和Beclin1在卵巢癌中的表达和对卵巢癌细胞自噬的影响。方法:收集6例正常卵巢组织标本和20例卵巢癌组织标本,应用免疫组织化学染色法检测TRPM3和Beclin1在卵巢癌组织中的表达,采用western blotting法检测TRPM3和Beclin1在正常卵巢上皮细胞Moody和卵巢癌细胞Hey、ES-2中的表达差异。用TRPM3-siRNA瞬时转染细胞Hey和ES-2,通过western blotting法检测TRPM3基因沉默情况及Beclin1、p62和LC3的蛋白表达变化。结果:在正常卵巢组织和卵巢癌组织中,TRPM3的阳性表达率分别为33.3%、80.0%(P0.05),而Beclin1的阳性表达率分别为33.3%、65.0%(P0.05)。与正常卵巢上皮细胞Moody相比,卵巢癌细胞Hey和ES-2中TRPM3、Beclin1蛋白表达水平明显较高(P0.05)。沉默TRPM3基因表达的卵巢癌细胞中Beclin1和LC3蛋白表达与对照组相比明显降低,而p62表达升高(P0.05)。结论:卵巢癌组织和细胞中TRPM3蛋白呈高表达,可能通过调控Beclin1促进卵巢癌细胞的自噬。     

卵巢上皮性癌中干扰素介导的跨膜蛋白1的表达意义

目的:探讨干扰素介导的跨膜蛋白1(Interferon-induced transmembrane protein 1,IFITM1)基因在卵巢上皮性癌中表达的相关性及其意义。方法:应用Western blotting检测正常卵巢、卵巢良性肿瘤、卵巢交界性肿瘤和卵巢上皮性癌组织中IFITM1蛋白表达。免疫组织化学检测12例正常卵巢、21例卵巢良性肿瘤、18例卵巢交界性肿瘤和85例卵巢上皮性癌组织中IFITM1的蛋白表达,同时分析IFITM1表达状况与临床病理因素之间的相关性。结果:Western blotting显示卵巢上皮性癌和卵巢交界性肿瘤中IFITM1表达水平明显高于正常卵巢组织和卵巢良性肿瘤。免疫组化显示在正常卵巢组织中IFITM1阳性表达率为41.7%(5/12),在卵巢良性肿瘤组织中71.4%(15/21),在卵巢交界性肿瘤组织中为72.2%(13/18),在卵巢上皮性癌中为77.6%(66/85),IFITM1蛋白表达强度在正常卵巢、良性卵巢肿瘤、交界性卵巢肿瘤、上皮性卵巢癌间的比较有统计学意义(P0.05)。IFITM1蛋白表达与病理类型、肿瘤分化程度、肿瘤FIGO分期有关(P0.05),与淋巴结转移、腹水无明显相关性。化疗敏感组和耐药组的IFITM1表达强度间差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:IFITM1在正常卵巢、卵巢良性肿瘤、卵巢交界性肿瘤和卵巢上皮性癌组织中的表达依次升高,并与卵巢癌以铂类为基础的化疗耐药性产生有相关性,为进一步研究IFITM1在卵巢癌诊治及化疗中的应用前景提供依据。     

Nanog 基因在卵巢癌和卵巢肿瘤干细胞中的表达及意义

目的:探讨胚胎干细胞关键因子Nanog基因mRNA及其蛋白在卵巢癌和卵巢癌肿瘤干细胞中的表达及意义。方法:选取10例正常卵巢上皮组织、10例卵巢良性肿瘤及60例卵巢癌组织,采用逆转录酶-聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)方法和免疫组织化学PV-6000两步法检测Nanog mRNA和蛋白表达水平;采用无血清悬浮培养法从SKOV-3卵巢癌细胞株中分离培养肿瘤干细胞,流式细胞术鉴定肿瘤干细胞CD117表达,采用RT-PCR和Western Blot方法检测SKOV-3卵巢癌细胞及肿瘤干细胞中NanogmRNA及其蛋白的表达水平。结果:Nanog mRNA在卵巢癌组织中的表达水平均高于正常卵巢组织和卵巢良性肿瘤组织(P<0.05);Nanog mRNA在不同分化程度及临床分期的卵巢癌组织中表达水平不同,低分化组高于高分化组(P<0.05);III-IV期高于I-II期(P<0.05);免疫组化结果同RT-PCR。从SKOV-3卵巢癌细胞株中成功分离出肿瘤干细胞,SKOV-3卵巢癌细胞和肿瘤干细胞Nanog mRNA相对含量分别为0.6044±0.0368,0.8736±0.0537,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05),两种细胞Nanog蛋白相对含量分别为0.6364±0.0169 1.2788±0.0314,差别具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:Nanog基因在卵巢癌组织和SKOV-3细胞系中均高表达,其在组织中的表达强度与临床分期及病理分级关系密切,且在肿瘤干细胞中表达高于一般卵巢癌细胞,其与卵巢癌的发生发展关系密切,可能是卵巢癌干细胞的表面标志物,有望成为新的标志物。     

特异AT序列结合蛋白1在卵巢癌的表达及临床病理学意义

目的:检测上皮性卵巢癌中特异AT序列结合蛋白1(Special AT-rich sequence-bindingprotein 1,SATB1)的表达,探讨SATB1表达与卵巢癌的发生,进展及转移的关系及意义.方法:以实时荧光定量RT-PCR和免疫组化方法检测91例上皮性卵巢癌组织、13例卵巢交界性囊腺瘤及8例正常卵巢组织中SATB1mRNA和蛋白的表达,分析SATB1基因表达与临床病理参数的相关性.结果:上皮性卵巢癌组织和交界性囊腺瘤组织中SATB1 mRNA表达量分别为正常卵巢组织的6.97倍和5.70倍,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).SATB1 mRNA表达水平随着卵巢癌分期升高而增加:Ⅰ期,Ⅱ期和Ⅲ期分别为正常卵巢组织的5.31倍,6.67倍和8.04倍(P＜0.05),并且在淋巴结转移组表达明显高于无转移组(P＜0.05).免疫组化也显示SATB1蛋白在上皮性卵巢癌中表达高于正常卵巢组织,差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论:SATB1的表达水平可能与上皮性卵巢癌发生,进展及转移有关.     

Nucleostemin基因在卵巢上皮性肿瘤的表达及与病理分型的关系

目的：研究核干细胞因子Nucleostemin（NS）基因在卵巢上皮性肿瘤中的表达,探讨其与肿瘤病理分型的关系。方法：采用RT-PCR及Western blot检测36例卵巢癌组织手术标本,32例卵巢良性上皮肿瘤组织手术标本,12例正常卵巢组织标本中Nu-cleostemin基因及相应蛋白的表达,采用分组对照的方法对比3组样本中NS基因及蛋白的表达情况,并进行相对定量研究。采用统计学方法检测NS基因的表达是否与临床病理分级及血清CA125存在关联。结果：①卵巢癌组织中NS的阳性表达率显著高于良性肿瘤组织及正常卵巢组织;②卵巢癌组织中,淋巴结转移组NS的表达水平高于未转移组;③临床分期Ⅲ期组的表达水平高于ⅠB期组;④中、低分化组的表达水平高于高分化组。结论：卵巢癌组织中存在NS基因的高表达,其表达量与组织类型无关,而与临床TNM分期及组织分级正相关。     

上皮性卵巢癌患者血清及肿瘤中Prostasin 变化及意义

目的:检测prostasin在上皮性卵巢癌患者血清及组织中的表达,探讨prostasin在上皮性卵巢癌中的临床意义。方法:运用免疫组织化学发检测组织prostasin在20例正常卵巢组织、40例卵巢上皮性良性肿瘤以及26例卵巢癌中的表达,分析其与各临床参数间的相关性,并通过ELISA法检测26例上皮性卵巢癌患者血清prostasin水平,探讨血清prostasin与组织prostasin的相关性。结果:prostasin在正常卵巢组织中无表达,在卵巢良性及恶性肿瘤中的表达率分别为24.00%和71.47%,差异具有统计学意义(x2=16.37,P<0.005);prostasin表达与病理类型、分化程度呈正相关(P=0.001,P=0.002),与临床分期无明显相关性(P=0.154);血清prostasin在卵巢上皮性癌组为14.07μg/ml,明显高于良性肿瘤组及正常对照组(P<0.001);卵巢癌组术后7天血清prostasin水平7.88μg/ml,明显低于术前(P=0.000);术前血清prostasin浓度与组织prostasin表达呈线性相关(r=0.601)。结论:prostasin对上皮性卵巢癌的发生发展、诊断及预后评估具有意义。     

MicroRNA expression in ovarian carcinoma and its correlation with clinicopathological features

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: MicroRNA (miRNA) expression is known to be deregulated in ovarian carcinomas. However, limited data is available about the miRNA expression pattern for the benign or borderline ovarian tumors as well as differential miRNA expression pattern associated with histological types, grades or clinical stages in ovarian carcinomas. We defined patterns of microRNA expression in tissues from normal, benign, borderline, and malignant ovarian tumors and explored the relationship between frequently deregulated miRNAs and clinicopathologic findings, response to therapy, survival, and association with Her-2/neu status in ovarian carcinomas. METHODS: We measured the expression of nine miRNAs (miR-181d, miR-30a-3p, miR-30c, miR-30d, miR-30e-3p, miR-368, miR-370, miR-493-5p, miR-532-5p) in 171 formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded ovarian tissue blocks as well as six normal human ovarian surface epithelial (HOSE) cell lines using Taqman-based real-time PCR assays. Her-2/neu overexpression was assessed in ovarian carcinomas (n = 109 cases) by immunohistochemistry analysis. RESULTS: Expression of four miRNAs (miR-30c, miR-30d, miR-30e-3p, miR-370) was significantly different between carcinomas and benign ovarian tissues as well as between carcinoma and borderline tissues. An additional three miRNAs (miR-181d, miR-30a-3p, miR-532-5p) were significantly different between borderline and carcinoma tissues. Expression of miR-532-5p was significantly lower in borderline than in benign tissues. Among ovarian carcinomas, expression of four miRNAs (miR-30a-3p, miR-30c, miR-30d, miR-30e-3p) was lowest in mucinous and highest in clear cell samples. Expression of miR-30a-3p was higher in well-differentiated compared to poorly differentiated tumors (P = 0.02), and expression of miR-370 was higher in stage I/II compared to stage III/IV samples (P = 0.03). In multivariate analyses, higher expression of miR-181d, miR-30c, miR-30d, and miR-30e-3p was associated with significantly better disease-free or overall survival. Finally, lower expression of miR-30c, miR-30d, miR-30e-3p and miR-532-5p was significantly associated with overexpression of Her-2/neu. CONCLUSIONS: Aberrant expression of miRNAs is common in ovarian tumor suggesting involvement of miRNA in ovarian tumorigenesis. They are associated with histology, clinical stage, survival and oncogene expression in ovarian carcinoma.     

Gene expression profiling of human ovarian epithelial tumors by digo nucleotide microarray

Gene expression of human ovarian carcinoma cell lines and epithelial ovarian tumors was examined by oligonucleotide microarray for about 6000 human cDNAs. (1) Comparison of gene expression between CDDP-sensitive human ovarian serous adenocarcinoma cell lines and CDDP-resistant cell lines revealed that gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase, glutathione peroxidase-like protein, dehydrogenase (UGDH), NAD(P)H: quinoneoxireductase, glucose-6-phosphatase, ornithine decarboxylase and dihydrodiol dehydrogenase were associated with a mechanism of CDDP-resistance. Comparison of gene expression between taxol-sensitive human ovarian cell lines and taxol-resistant cell lines showed that up-regulation of 30 kinds of gene expression including MDR and semaphorin E in taxol-resistant cell lines. (2) Comparison of gene expression among serous adenocarcinomas, clear cell adenocarcinomas and non-cancerous ovarian tissues by hierarchical clustering demonstrated that clear difference between carcinomas and non-cancerous ovarian tissues but not obvious difference between serous and clear adenocarcinomas. Genes that were up- and down-regulated specifically in these two types of ovarian carcinomas were further selected by the criteria that difference in the mRNA level by more than 4-fold between tumors and non-cancerous tissues. Tissue type specific alterations of gene expression are likely to play important roles in the carcinogenesis of epithelial ovarian tumors. cDNA microarray is a powerful and high-throughput tool to analyze gene expression of cancer development.     

Alterations of expression level of RASSFIA gene in primary epithelial tumors of various locations

Tumor-suppressor activity was established for RASSF1A gene by in vitro and in vivo including studies of knock-out mutated mice cells. Data on methylation of promoter region and expression decrease revealed mainly in cancer cell lines were reported. Here, analysis of RASSF1A mRNA quantity was performed for the first time in primary epithelial malignant tumors of five various locations from 130 patients by semi-quantitative RT-PCR. Representative sets of kidney, lung and breast carcinomas samples were studied. Preliminary data for RASSF1A expression in ovarian and colorectal carcinomas are also reported. Our system studies showed unexpected expression profiles, namely mRNA level increase more frequently (2-7 times) than decrease in renal, breast, ovarian, and colorectal carcinomas. Increasing RASSF1A mRNA level was revealed significantly more frequently in renal cell carcinoma (24/38, 63% vs. 8/38, 21%, P = 0.0004, by Fisher exact test) and ovarian carcinomas (8/13, 62% vs. 2/13, 15%, P = 0.0114). Only in non-small cell lung cancer decreasing and increasing of RASSF1A expression were observed with equal frequency (16/38, 42%). Noteworthy, for early clinical stages prevalence of increasing expression both in squamous cell lung cancer and in adenocarcinoma was revealed, and for advanced clinical stages evident prevalence of decreasing RASSF1A expression was established. Cases with increasing expression both in early and advanced stages of clear cell renal cell carcinoma were in prevalence, in advanced stages it was proved significantly (P = 0.0094). These data suggested that RASSF1A expression alterations were tumor specific. Mentioned above regularity could point onto ambivalent RASSF1A functions in tumors--a tumor-suppressor gene and a proto-oncogene as well.     

Expression of Serum Amyloid A in Human Ovarian Epithelial Tumors: Implication for a Role in Ovarian Tumorigenesis

Serum amyloid A (SAA) is an acute phase protein which is expressed primarily in the liver as a part of the systemic response to various injuries and inflammatory stimuli; its expression in ovarian tumors has not been described. Here, we investigated the expression of SAA in human benign and malignant ovarian epithelial tumors. Non-radioactive in situ hybridization applied on ovarian paraffin tissue sections revealed mostly negative SAA mRNA expression in normal surface epithelium. Expression was increased gradually as epithelial cells progressed through benign and borderline adenomas to primary and metastatic adenocarcinomas. Similar expression pattern of the SAA protein was observed by immunohistochemical staining. RT-PCR analysis confirmed the overexpression of the SAA1 and SAA4 genes in ovarian carcinomas compared with normal ovarian tissues. In addition, strong expression of SAA mRNA and protein was found in the ovarian carcinoma cell line OVCAR-3. Finally, patients with ovarian carcinoma had high SAA serum levels, which strongly correlated with high levels of CA-125 and C-reactive protein. Enhanced expression of SAA in ovarian carcinomas may play a role in ovarian tumorigenesis and may have therapeutic application. (J Histochem Cytochem 58:1015–1023, 2010)