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基因治疗的病毒载体系统 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
病毒载体是基因治疗中应用最为广泛的载体系统。该文就RNA病毒载体、DNA病毒载体和杂合病毒载体的生物学特性、基因组特点以及其在基因治疗中的优缺点进行综述,并对病毒载体系统的发展前景进行了展望。 相似文献
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病毒载体与造血干细胞基因治疗 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
多种获得性和遗传性疾病累及造血细胞。造血干细胞是人类基因治疗的重要靶细胞。成功的造血干细胞基因治疗不仅需要高效基因转移,还需要治疗基因的长期、高水平表达。反转录病毒载体是造血干细胞基因治疗的常用载体,结合优化的造血干细胞转导条件,其介导的腺苷脱氨酶缺陷引起的严重联合免疫缺陷和X染色体连锁的严重联合免疫缺陷的基因治疗已经获得初步成功;其他整合型病毒载体如慢病毒和腺相关病毒载体,也在临床前造血干细胞基因治疗研究中得到广泛应用。从病毒载体、基因转移和基因表达等几个方面综述了造血干细胞基因治疗的临床前和临床研究的重要进展。 相似文献
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应用腺伴随病毒(AAV)作基因治疗载体的研究取得了很大进展。与其他病毒载体比较,AAV载体具有不致病,在宿主染色体上有较特异的整合位点,宿主范围广泛,可感染非分裂细胞,无致癌性等优点,随着对重组病毒载体构建,载体在染色体上整合机制,外源基因表达调控以及该病毒安全性的深入研究,可望作为一种较为理想的病毒载体用于基因治疗。 相似文献
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腺病毒相关病毒载体的研究进展 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
实现基因治疗的关键在于目的基因的高效转移并适度表达,这将直接影响其治疗的效率和安全性。因此,探寻理想的基因转移载体显得尤为重要。腺病毒相关病毒(adeno-associated virus,AAV)是一种缺陷型的单链DNA病毒,既可以转染分裂细胞又可以转染非分裂细胞。AAV在宿主体内以定向整合的方式存在,AAV重组体在细胞内能长期稳定地表达,且在体内不引起明显的病理变化,表明AAV作为基因治疗的载体是安全、有效和可行的。 相似文献
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基因治疗将一种全新的概念引入医学界,给现有条件尚难治愈的疾病患者带来一线希望。基因治疗主要是利用病毒介导的基因转移,腺联病毒AAV载体,由于其得天独厚的特点,正广泛地用于基因治疗研究。文中简单地介绍了AAV的生物学特点、载体结构及其在基因治疗研究中的优越性。 相似文献
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重组腺相关病毒:很有潜力的基因治疗载体 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
腺相关病毒(AAV)是细小病毒家族的一员,为无包膜的线性单链DNA病毒.由于AAV具有长期潜伏于人体而不具有任何明显致病性等优点,人们对AAV作为一种理想的基因治疗载体给予了很大期望.但是,近来发现,这类载体在应用上有许多明显的缺陷,包括某些细胞膜上病毒受体数量极少,重组AAV载体位点特异性整合不足,AAV衣壳成分和转基因产物引起宿主的免疫反应等等.这些缺陷促使人们加大对AAV生物学特性和转染过程的研究,从而更好地对AAV载体进行改进,使新一代重组AAV载体具备基因治疗所必需的安全性、高效性和靶向性,以期更广泛地应用于临床. 相似文献
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Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis
It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis. 相似文献
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RICHARD E. NORRIS 《Botanical journal of the Linnean Society. Linnean Society of London》1991,106(1):1-40
Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera. 相似文献
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JOAN VALUÈS MONTSERRAT TORRELL NÚRIA GARCIA JACAS 《Botanical journal of the Linnean Society. Linnean Society of London》2001,137(4):399-407
Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted. 相似文献
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肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV
RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV
RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV
RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV
X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV
C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细 相似文献
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H.-R. GREGORIUS 《Biological journal of the Linnean Society. Linnean Society of London》1984,23(2-3):157-165
For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment. 相似文献
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment. 相似文献