主基因-多基因混合遗传分析中的EM算法

大量试验数据和QTL作图结果表明：控制数量性状的基因中既有遗传效应较大的主基因,又有遗传效应较小的多基因,其分离世代表现出多峰性,即出现多个分布混合的特征．本文研究利用混合分布理论鉴定和分析主基因-多基因混合遗传模型的具体方法,推导了鉴定主基因存在和多基因存在的EM算法．以大豆开花期性状为例说明了该方法的应用,在所分析的两个杂交组合的F_2世代数据中均发现有主基因的存在、骨绿豆×泰兴黑豆杂交组合中主基因几乎不存在显性,骨绿豆×上海红芒早杂交组合中主基因（晚开花）表现出完全显性,并且有多基因存在.     

芦苇生长格局分形特征的初步研究

应用非线性科学澡的分形几何理论,以黄淮海平原封丘试区的芦苇为例,研究芦苇生长格局的分形特征。计算表明,芦苇大小分布的分形维数在０．６２３５－０．８７６１之间。统计分析表明,其分布局局可明显地分为两个时期在芦生长的初期,其大小分较为均匀,而在芦苇生长中的中后期,大小分布差异较大。     

苎麻内源乙烯含量的时空分布研究

采用气相色谱法测定苎麻茎尖、上花芽（上部花芽）、中花芽（中部花芽）、下花芽（下部花芽）、上叶、中叶、下叶、雌花,雄花的乙烯含量及不同时期茎尖乙烯含量．结果表明：乙烯在苎麻体内分布总趋势是自上而下依次减少,上中部器官乙烯含量大于下部器官,其中茎尖和叶片乙烯含量大于花芽,性别表现为雌性的苎麻在茎尖、叶和花芽中的乙烯含量都大于性别表现为两性的苎麻,乙烯在雌花中的含量高于在混合花和雄花中的含量,不同部位花器官乙烯含量分布趋势与叶片的分布趋势相同,都是上部高,下部低．二麻期苎麻茎尖的乙烯含量大于三麻期,而性别决定前期的苎麻茎尖乙烯含量小于性别决定后期．最后对乙烯与苎麻的性别决定进行了讨论．     

小叶章种群分布格局的分形特征Ⅱ信息维数与关联维数

应用分形理论中的信息维数（Ｉｎｆｏｒｍａｔｉｏｎ ｄｉｍｅｎｓｏｉｎ）和关联维数（Ｃａｒｒｅｌａｔｉｏｎ ｄｉｍｅｎｓｏｉｎ）研究了三江平原小叶章（Ｄｅｙｅｕｘｉａ ａｎｇｕｓｔｉｆｌｏｉａ）种群分布格局特征。结果表明,信息维数在５～９月分别为１．４９４、１．７０９、１．６４２、１．５５３、１．６２５,表明其结构较复杂,格局强度较高。关联维数则为１．６６２、１．８６１、１．７６６、１．７５０、１．     

小叶章种群分布格局的分形特征I计盒维数

应用分形理论（Ｆｒａｃｔａｌ ｔｈｅｏｒｙ）中的计盒维数（Ｂｏｘ－ｃｏｕｎｔｉｎｇ ｄｉｍｅｎｓｉｏｎ）对三江平原小叶章（Ｄｅｙｅｕｘｉａ ａｎｇｕｓｔｉｆｏｌｉａ）种群分布格局特征进行了研究。结果表明：三江平原小叶章种群分布格局具有分形特征。其计盒维数５－９月分别为１．５２４、１．７６９、１．７１１、１．６１５、１．７０１,表明其占据空间能力较强。季节动态自５月始至６月达到极大值,而后逐渐下降,     

林带中阻力分布的理论与实验研究

推导了风向垂直于林带走向时林带内的阻力分布的解析式,比较了３种所面形状林带的阻力分布特点,并用风洞实验资料进行了验证,简析了在实际生产中的应用．     

Sorcin在鳗鱼免疫器官的组织化学研究

目的:探究sorcin蛋白在鳗鱼主要免疫器官中的分布情况,为应用sorcin蛋白研制药用新靶点和应用鱼用疫苗奠定理论基础.方法:运用组织学和组织化学技术,在鳗鱼的主要免疫器官中进行sorcin蛋白的免疫组化定位研究.结果:sorcin蛋白在鳗鱼的心脏、肠、肝脏中均有分布.结论:sorcin蛋白在鳗鱼免疫器官中的分布情况与其功能密切相关.     

湖泊岸线分形特征及其生态学意义

应用分形理论中的计盒维数、岸线长度与面积关系对保安湖及江汉平原一些湖泊的湖岸线长度和湖泊面积进行研究．借以对上述两个物理性质进行准确的特征化。此外还运用Korcak法则对湖北省湖泊面积分布进行研究。结果可用于预测湖泊岸线长度如何随着湖泊面积而变化．以及预测不同大小的湖泊面积分布。探讨了湖岸形态和大型水生植物生物量间的关系,并讨论环境和人为因素对湖泊岸线的影响．以及湖泊岸线变化对湖泊生物的影响。     

桑瘿蚊幼虫的空间分布参数特征及其应用

利用桑瘿蚊的空间分布参数m^#．k．α.β.b值．确定桑瘿蚊幼虫属聚集分布,其原因主要是由于本身的聚集习性引起的,同时根据Iwao模型进行了资料代换。采用Iwao法．Taylor幂法则及Southwood。公共值Kc的理论抽样模式得出在不同密度(x)和不同精度(D)要求下的理论抽样数。应用Kuno模型探讨了序贯抽样方法。     

水稻粘虫混合种群幼虫空间分布型和抽样技术的研究

水稻粘虫混合种群幼虫空间分布型测定结果表明：(1)频次分布检验为负二项分布;（2)聚集度指标测定为聚集分布;(3)m^*-m的钱性回归方程为m^*=0．8870 1．1058m,属于最普通的聚集分布。在分布型研究基础上,探讨了资料代换模式、Iwao序贯抽样模型和最适抽样数模型。     

Protein immunoblot and immunodot in biochemical studies

General notions on the protein immunoblot and immunodot are reported. Possibilities of their wide application in biochemical studies are discussed. The employed materials, the most important operations when performing different variants and modifications of these methods as well as resolution and advisability of their application are comprehensively analyzed.     

黄素依赖型卤化酶的结构特点及工程改造*

卤化物是通过卤化酶催化卤族元素在有机化合物上特定位置发生取代形成的一类化合物,具有独特的生理生化作用。黄素依赖型卤化酶具有良好的区域选择性,虽然有相似的黄素分子的结合位点,但在底物结合方面略有不同,对其结构和合成途径及结合蛋白质工程的随机诱变和定向改造的研究在工业应用中至关重要。讨论了具有高区域选择性的黄素依赖型卤化酶的结构特点及工程改造,以及经过工程改造后黄素依赖型卤化酶在工业生产中的应用。     

酶的分子设计、改造与工程应用

酶工程的研究已经发展到分子水平 ,在体外通过基因工程、化学、物理等手段改造酶分子结构与功能 ,大幅提高了酶分子的进化效率和催化效率 ,生产有价值的非天然酶。对酶工程学若干“热点”和前沿课题的研究、应用进行了概述 ,分析了国际上酶工程研究及应用技术、手段、方法 ,包括体外分子进化、核酶和抗体酶的设计、酶分子的定向固定化技术、酶蛋白分子的化学修饰、融合酶、人工合成及模拟酶等技术 ,并展望了酶工程的技术进步和应用的新进展。     

Enzymatic membrane reactors for biodegradation of recalcitrant compounds. Application to dye decolourisation

Membrane bioreactors are being increasingly used in enzymatic catalysed transformations. However, the application of enzymatic-based treatment systems in the environmental field is rather unusual. The aim of this paper is to overview the application of enzymatic membrane reactors to wastewater treatment, more specifically to dye decolourisation. Firstly, the basic aspects such as different configurations of enzymatic reactors, advantages and disadvantages associated to their utilisation are revised as well as the application of this technology to wastewater treatment. Secondly, dye decolourisation by white-rot fungi and their oxidative enzymes are discussed, presenting an overall view from for in vivo and in vitro systems. Finally, dye decolourisation by manganese peroxidase in an enzymatic membrane reactor in continuous operation is presented.     

工业真菌高效产酶突变技术与高产机制

工业真菌是酶制剂的重要生产微生物,其菌种改良具有重要应用价值。综述了产酶工业真菌的应用、突变育种技术进展和高效产酶机制的分析策略,尤其是基于组学水平的基因组、转录组和蛋白质组的分析等,最后总结了高产机制在菌株改良上的应用。     

Plant cell cultivation as a biotechnological method

An overview is given about some aspects of history, principles and application of plant cell and tissue cultivation. The main topics of application discussed in the paper are aspects of plant propagation, plant breeding, techniques for in vitro cultivation, in vitro production of secondary plant products, biotransformations, application of immobilized cells as well as economic aspects of plant cell and tissue culture.     

协商货币评估法在生态系统服务价值评估中的应用

生态系统服务价值评估是生态系统保护和管理的基础。以往研究采用多种方法对生态系统服务价值进行评估,但是至今还未形成得到一致认可的生态系统服务价值的评估方法。协商货币评估法(Deliberative Monetary Valuation,DMV)将协商方法和陈述偏好法相结合,成为一种正在探索使用的新的货币评估法。分析了DMV的研究背景,并从DMV的独特适用性、DMV在生态系统服务价值评估中的应用、DMV获得价值的性质3个方面总结了DMV的主要研究内容,在此基础上阐述了DMV面临的挑战,并提出了DMV在中国生态系统价值评估应用中的启示,以期能够为DMV在中国的应用及推广提供借鉴,为生态系统服务价值评估探索更有效的方法。     

Survival and colonization of rhizobacteria in a tomato transplant system

Plant-growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) are used on crops most often as seed treatments; however, an alternative application method for transplanted vegetables is mixing PGPR into the soilless medium in which the transplants are grown. Studies were undertaken to compare root colonization and persistence of rifampicin-resistant mutants of PGPR strains Bacillus pumilus SE34 and Pseudomonas fluorescens 89B61, SE34r and 89B61r, on tomato as a function of application method. When the bacteria were incorporated into Promix soilless medium at log 6, 7, and 8 colony- forming units/g, populations of strain SE34r per gram of medium maintained the initial inoculum densities, while populations of 89B61r decreased approximately one to two orders of magnitude by 4 weeks after planting. The populations of each PGPR strain colonizing roots after application into the soilless medium showed a similar pattern at 6 weeks as that at 4 weeks after planting, with higher populations on the whole roots and lateral roots than on the taproots. Strain SE34r but not 89B61r moved upwards and colonized the phyllosphere when incorporated into the soilless medium. Following application as seed treatment, populations of SE34r were significantly higher on upper roots and on the taproot than were populations following application through the soilless medium. Conversely, populations were higher on lower roots and lateral roots following application through the soilless medium than were populations following application as seed treatment. While strain SE34 enhanced plant growth with application both to the medium and as seed treatment, the level of growth promotion was significantly greater with application in the soilless medium. The results indicate that PGPR can be successfully incorporated into soilless media in vegetable transplant production systems.     

应用乳酸菌生物保护剂控制肉制品中单增李斯特菌的研究进展

肉制品营养丰富,极易被微生物污染,单增李斯特菌是污染肉制品主要病原菌之一。乳酸菌做为生物保护剂已经被广泛应用于食品中控制单增李斯特菌。本文首先分析了我国肉制品中单增李斯特菌的污染状况,总结了乳酸菌应用于肉制品安全控制的概况;然后进一步详细介绍了乳酸菌对单增李斯特菌的抑菌机理,着重探讨了乳酸菌对单增李斯特菌致病能力(生长、抗性和毒性)的影响;文章最后指出了乳酸菌在食品应用中存在的问题,并对未来的研究方向提供了建议,以期为乳酸菌在食品安全控制中的应用提供参考。     

Protoplasts as tools for plant genome modifications

We present here the application of protoplast technology in the selection and recovery of rare, spontaneous plant genome alterations. Using protoplasts as a cell cloning system allowed the detection and molecular characterization of intrachromosomal recombination events between genomic repeats. The mechanism, frequencies and the induction of intrachromosomal recombination are discussed as well as its application for genome mutagenesis.