固定甘氨酸用于吸附水中金属离子的研究

采用环氧氯丙烷法将惰性载体Sephadex G-25活化,使其与甘氨酸偶联从而得到固定羧基的离子交换吸附剂。对该吸附剂吸附金属离子性能的研究表明,在pH 9.0时,吸附剂对Ca2+等金属离子有很强的吸附,且对Fe2+、Fe3+、Mn2+的吸附力比对Ca2+和Mg2+的吸附力要强。16g(湿重)吸附剂对金属离子的饱和吸附量分别为:Ca2+16.99mg,Mg2+6.86mg,Fe2+10.06mg,Fe3+4.93mg,Mn2+11.51mg。同时,该吸附剂具有稳定性好、能重复使用且制备成本低等特点,在污水处理、金属离子回收等方面有很好的应用前景。     

小球藻吸附镍离子的研究

在小球藻液中分别添加含不同浓度的Ni^2 ,NH4^ N,PO4^3--P溶液,研究小球藻吸附Ni2 的能力。实验结果表明,小球藻对Ni^2 的生物吸附经历了一快一慢两个过程。随着Ni^2 的浓度的增加,小球藻对Ni^2 的吸附量不断增加,在最佳pH为8.0-8.5的条件下,低氮磷浓度的组合,升高温度或加强光照有利于小球藻对Ni^2 的吸附。20℃和30℃下,小球藻对Ni^2 的吸附符合Fluendlich等温模型,小球藻在对数生长期时对Ni^2 的富集能力最强。     

火山岩滤料固定化恶臭假单胞菌条件的优化及其吸附铜离子的研究

以多孔介质火山岩滤料为载体,探讨了温度、转速、反应器的底面积等因素对滤料固定化恶臭假单胞菌的影响,比较了固定化恶臭假单胞菌野生菌和重组菌吸附Cu2+的效果.结果表明,火山岩滤料固定化恶臭假单胞菌的最优条件为选择底面积较大的反应器、30℃、静置条件下吸附3.5h.固定化野生菌、重组菌滤料及空白滤料对Cu2+的吸附率依次为:74.76％、89.36％和55.09％.为多孔载体固定化微生物在废水处理中的应用提供了实验依据.     

Spatio-Temporal Distributions of Metal Ions and Taxol of Taxus cuspidata Cells Immobilized on Polyurethane Foam

Distinct spatio-temporal variations of metal ions and Taxol production were observed for Taxus cuspidata cells immobilized on polyurethane foam. The Taxol content in the inner foam layer reached 215 μg g⁻¹ at day 30, which was 40-fold higher than that in the outer foam layer, and the Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺ contents were 5.3 and 3.7 times higher, while the K⁺ content was 5.5 times lower. Thus higher intracellular Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺ contents and lower intracellular K⁺ content may favor the Taxol biosynthesis in immobilized Taxus cuspidata.     

Chiral Discrimination of Ofloxacin Enantiomers Using DNA Double Helix Regulated by Metal Ions

DNA‐based chiral selectors are constructed to discriminate ofloxacin enantiomers through metal‐ion anchoring on a special DNA double helix that contains successive GC pairs. The effects of metal ions involving Mg²⁺, Ni²⁺, Cu²⁺, Ag⁺, and Pt²⁺ were studied on the regulation of DNA chiral discrimination towards ofloxacin enantiomers. It is shown that DNA‐Cu(II) complexes exhibit the highest enantioselectivities at the [Cu²⁺]/base ratio of 0.1. The enantiomeric excess can reach 59% in R‐enantiomer after being adsorbed by the RET‐Cu(II) complex. Stereoselective recognition of ofloxacin enantiomers on the double helix is tunable via external stimulus, providing a programmable desorption process to regenerate DNA. This DNA‐based chiral selector exhibits excellent reusability without apparent loss of enantioselectivity after three cycles of adsorption and desorption. Chirality 26:249–254, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Release of Metal Ions from Orthodontic Appliances: An In Vitro Study

In this paper, we report the results of an in vitro experiment on the release of metal ions from orthodontic appliances composed of alloys containing iron, chromium, nickel, silicon, and molybdenum into artificial saliva. The concentrations of magnesium, aluminum, silicon, phosphorus, sulfur, potassium, calcium, titanium, vanadium, manganese, iron, cobalt, copper, zinc, nickel, and chromium were significantly higher in artificial saliva in which metal brackets, bands, and wires used in orthodontics were incubated. In relation to the maximum acceptable concentrations of metal ions in drinking water and to recommended daily doses, two elements of concern were nickel (573 vs. 15 μg/l in the controls) and chromium (101 vs. 8 μg/l in the controls). Three ion release coefficients were defined: α, a dimensionless multiplication factor; β, the difference in concentrations (in micrograms per liter); and γ, the ion release coefficient (in percent). The elevated levels of metals in saliva are thought to occur by corrosion of the chemical elements in the alloys or welding materials. The concentrations of some groups of dissolved elements appear to be interrelated.     

The Study of the Metal-Binding Region in Human Growth Hormone Using Immobilized Metal Ion Affinity Gel-Electrophoresis

The zinc(II)-binding affinities of recombinant human growth hormone and two its mutants, 14–33 and 14–95, were studied using Immobilized Metal Ion Affinity Gel-electrophoresis (IMAG). The mutant hormones, composed of polypeptide chain segments of the human and porcine growth hormones, lacked His18, which may be crucial for binding of the intact hormone to the transition metal ions. The mutations did not affect the affinity of human growth hormone to immobilized zinc ions; the structural analysis implied that the human growth hormone contains two IDA–Zn(II) potential sorption sites formed by amino acid residues His21, Asp171, and Glu174 and/or His18 and Glu174.     

Uptake of Metal Ions by Rhizopus arrhizus Biomass

Rhizopus arrhizus biomass was found to absorb a variety of different metal cations and anions but did not absorb alkali metal ions. The amount of uptake of the cations was directly related to ionic radii of La³⁺, Mn²⁺, Cu²⁺, Zn²⁺, Cd²⁺, Ba²⁺, Hg²⁺, Pb²⁺, UO₂²⁺, and Ag⁺. The uptake of all the cations is consistent with absorption of the metals by sites in the biomass containing phosphate, carboxylate, and other functional groups. The uptake of the molybdate and vanadate anions was strongly pH dependent, and it is proposed that the uptake mechanism involves electrostatic attraction to positively charged functional groups.     

Comment on Molecular Dynamics Simulations of Zinc Ions in Water Using CHARMM

In the recent paper by Obst and Bradaczek [1], which compares two sets of force field parameters for divalent zinc, several errors were made. Clarifying these errors leads to another interpretation of their simulation results, which, in contrast to their original conclusions, substantiates the parameter set for zinc ion developed by Stote and Karplus [2].     

固定化硝化菌去除焦化废水中氨氮的研究

采用聚乙烯醇（polyvinyl Alcohol,PVA）—硼酸包埋固定化法,包埋经驯化后的硝化污泥,制成固定化硝化颗粒。考察了不同温度及pH条件下固定化硝化菌对氨氮的去除效果及其与游离硝化菌的比较,并对固定化硝化菌对焦化废水中氨氮的去除及其耐毒性能进行了测定和观察。     

金属对金属全髋关节置换术后体内金属离子对机体的影响

金属对金属全髋假体由于其具有良好的活动度因而被广泛应用全髋关节置换,但是由于金属对金属全髋假体置换术后可以产生大量的钴铬金属离子而使机体内血液尿液中金属离子水平升高,而金属离子水平升高后可能会对机体产生不利影响,本文就金属对金属全髋假体置换术后对机体的影响作一综述。     

金属离子对蜡蚧菌几丁质酶活力的影响

以蜡蚧菌(Ll)发酵液为材料,经分离纯化获得Ll几丁质酶(EC3.2.1.14)制剂.研究了金属离子对Ll几丁质酶活力的影响.结果表明,K+、Mg2+、Zn2+、Ca2+和Fe3+对几丁质酶活性有明显的促进作用,而Na+和Cu2+完全抑制几丁质酶的活性;Mn2+在低浓度时对酶有激活作用,随着浓度的升高表现出抑制作用;Fe2+和Ba2+的浓度低于0.5 mmol/L时对酶起抑制作用,而高于该浓度时则对酶有激活作用.     

NaCl胁迫下野生和栽培大豆幼苗体内离子的再转运

采用NaCl根际处理和叶面饲喂^22Na方法,研究了野生大豆(Glycine soja)——耐盐的BB52、盐敏感的N23232和栽培大豆(Glycine max)——较耐盐的Lee68幼苗在盐胁迫及解除过程中对Na^ 、Cl^-的吸收和再转运。结果表明,在NaCl根际处理12h过程中,BB52和Lee68幼苗根对Na^ 、Cl^-吸收和向茎、叶的运输逐渐增加,10h时趋于稳定,Na^ 、Cl^-含量高低顺序是根＞茎＞叶。但N23232的Na^ 、Cl^-含量则是茎＞根＞叶。在用NaCl对根处理10h后再解除NaCl处理的0～36h内,BB52吸收的Na^ 、Cl^-较多地留于根部或转运至根茎过渡区,叶中较少。N23232吸收的Na^ 较多地转运至茎部,而Cl^-含量在幼苗各部分无差异。叶片饲喂^22Na 10h后,BB52吸收^22Na较N23232多,并较多地向根部运输。从离子再转运角度讨论了BB52的耐盐性。     

Molecular Dynamics Simulations of Zinc Ions in Water Using CHARMM

Molecular Dynamics simulations of a zinc ion with 123 and 525 TIP3P-water molecules were carried out with CHARMM using two different Lennard-Jones parameter sets for the Zn²⁺ ion. The results were compared to published experimental and simulation data. Good agreement was found for radial distribution functions, number of hydrogen bonds, and diffusion coefficients. Experimental radial distribution functions were better reproduced by the original CHARMM22 parameter set than by the parameter set modified by Stote and Karplus. Diffusion coefficients were found to depend on the system size rather than on the parameter set used and were better reproduced by the larger systems. The divalent zinc ion exerts a strong influence on its hydration shell as indicated by the high first peak of the radial distribution function. Water molecules in the vicinity of the zinc ion show a slight deformation of the O-H bond length and of the H-O-H bond angle as compared to pure water. No water molecules from the first hydration shell were exchanged during 1 ns of MD simulation.Electronic Supplementary Material available.     

Fibre X-Ray and Conformational Study of the Binding of Metal Ions on DNA

Abstract

Results obtained from X-ray diffraction as well as from conformational analysis of Ag-DNA fibres are presented. For small percentages of Ag⁺ bound and high humidity, the B-DNA form is maintained. As the percentage of Ag⁺ is increased, the helical parameters of the B-DNA are modified. These modifications are directly related to the percentage of G—C bases. The periodicity of the DNA fibres are perturbed as Ag⁺ is mainly bound to G—C pairs and, thus, only the equatorial diffracted intensities can be compared to values calculated from molecular models. It is shown, by this way, that the first binding site is located on N7 of G. A second site is situated between N3 and N1 of the G—C pair, at the place of a hydrogen bond. A molecular model of the Ag-DNA complex is proposed and shown to be in agreement with experimental data. Results obtained allow to get some information on the binding of other ions such as Cu²⁺ and Hg²⁺ which give very little modification of the fibre X-ray patterns.     

Production of Fungal Biomass Immobilized Loofa Sponge (FBILS)-discs for the Removal of Heavy Metal Ions and Chlorinated Compounds from Aqueous Solution

A white rot basidiomycete, Phanerochaete chrysosporium, was immobilized on loofa sponge (FBILS) discs. It removed ca. 37 and 71 mg Cd (II) g⁻¹ from 50 and 200 mg l⁻¹ aqueous solutions and up to 89% of 4-chloroanisole from a 10 mg l⁻¹ aqueous solution. FBILS are physically strong and chemically recalcitrant, resisting temperature, mechanical agitation, and variations in pH without alteration to shape, structure or texture.     

Inhibition of Urease from Seeds of Water-melon (Citrullus vulgaris) by Heavy Metal Ions

Urease from the seeds of water melon was found to be inhibited by heavy metal ions like copper, lead, nickel and cobalt. The order of effectiveness of these metals as inhibitors was Cu²⁺ > Pb²⁺ > Ni²⁺ > Co²⁺. The inhibition by these ions was noncompetitive. Time — dependent interaction of urease with nickel and cobalt exhibited a biphasic inhibition behaviour in which approximately half of the initial activity was lost rapidly (within 2 min) and remainder in a slow phase. The inhibition was largely irreversible, hence could not be reversed by dialysis. These observations are suggestive of half-and-half distribution of — SH groups on the native enzyme resulting urease into asymmetric oligomeric molecule.     

Modulation of Antagonist Binding to Serotonin1A Receptors from Bovine Hippocampus by Metal Ions

1. The serotonin_1A(5-HT_1A) receptors are members of a superfamily of seven transmembrane domain receptors that couple to G-proteins. They appear to be involved in various behavioral and cognitive functions. Although specific 5-HT_1Aagonists have been discovered more than a decade back, the development of selective 5-HT_1Aantagonists has been achieved only recently.2. We have examined the modulation of the specific antagonist [³H]p-MPPF binding to 5-HT_1Areceptors from bovine hippocampal membranes by monovalent and divalent metal ions. Our results show that the antagonist binding to 5-HT_1Areceptors is inhibited by both monovalent and divalent cations in a concentration-dependent manner. This is accompanied by a concomitant reduction in binding affinity.3. Our results also show that the specific antagonist p-MPPF binds to all available receptors in the bovine hippocampal membrane irrespective of their state of G-protein coupling and other serotonergic ligands such as 5-HT and OH-DPAT effectively compete with the specific antagonist [³H]p-MPPF.4. These results are relevant to ongoing analyses of the overall modulation of ligand binding in G-protein-coupled seven transmembrane domain receptors.