油菜花序轴、叶片组织培养中形态发生的细胞组织学研究

油菜花序轴、叶片在MS培养基上经诱导可产生愈伤组织并形成再生植株。愈伤组织形成可分3个时期:细胞启动期、分裂期和分化期。实验证明:花序轴启动部位多发生在皮层薄壁细胞、髓部薄壁细胞、韧皮薄壁细胞和木薄壁细胞。叶片主要是叶肉细胞、叶脉薄壁细胞和表皮细胞启动。细胞分裂期的特点是启动细胞反复增殖,形成连续的分生细胞层。细胞分化期的特点是一部分细胞保持分裂能力,一部分细胞分化形成薄壁细胞和输导分子。观察了愈伤组织中器官发生的部位和方式。实验证明,根的发生多为内起源,芽的发生多为外起源。     

COMPARATIVE MORPHOGENESIS OF THE DIMORPHIC LEAVES OF CYAMOPSIS TETRAGONOLOBA

Cyamopsis tetragonoloba, guar, produces two leaf forms: a simple leaf and a trifoliate leaf. The steps in the development of each of these forms have been investigated in an attempt to determine the precise point at which the leaf primordium becomes destined to produce one or the other characteristic leaf shapes. Up to 140 μ in length the leaf primordia are morphologically indistinguishable. If a simple leaf is to be formed the marginal meristem remains continuous and initiates only lamina. If a trifoliate leaf is to be formed the continuity of the marginal meristem is interrupted by a group of “pocketal” cells dividing it into an upper lamina meristem and a basal leaflet buttress.     

穗醛栗叶片中黄酮类物质的研究

本试验以小浆果类果树穗醋栗（黑、红、白）的叶片为试材,利用分光光度法。测定了三种穗醋栗叶（鲜样、干样）中总黄酮的含量及不同提取次数下总黄酮的浸提率,确定了最佳提取次数。结果表明：白穗醋栗叶片中总黄酮含量最高,鲜样785．10mg/100g,干样189.01mg/100g;红穗醋栗叶片次之,鲜样393.22mg／100g,干样1597.73mg／100g;黑穗醋栗叶片中总黄酮含量相对较少,鲜样151.59mg/100g,干样265.03mg/100g。三种穗醋栗叶片浸提三次,总黄酮的浸提率可达到97％以上。此外,利用定性试验（颜色反应）并和标准品芦丁的试验做比较,初步确定三种穗醋栗叶片所含的黄酮类化合物主要是黄酮和黄酮醇两类。     

结球甘兰下胚轴组织培养形态发生的组织学研究

结球甘兰离体下胚轴培养,近切口的中柱薄壁细胞首先启动分生,中柱外的内皮层,皮层,表皮细胞随后也启动分生。随着愈伤组织的生长和愈伤形成层的建成,维管组织与分生组织产生。组织培养中出现的多倍性细胞团和单倍性细胞,不会引起原二倍体物种的遗传性变异和性状变化。在愈伤组织中,芽多为外起源。由原体原始细胞和原套原始细胞发育成芽原基,进一步形成不定芽。另外,不定芽还可由外植体皮层内薄壁组织直接产生。不定根为内起     

离体培养下白杜木质部的形态发生研究

白杜(Euonymus bungeanus Maxim.)的离体木质部经过组织培养,成功地诱导出小植株,诱导率为8%。诱导过程经过3个阶段:1.诱导愈伤组织形成,以 H 培养基效果最好,但需附加不同浓度的2,4-D、NAA 或 BA。2.分化阶段,诱导小植株的形成,以 H 或 MS BA2mg/1 KT0.5—1mg/1 NAA0.2mg/1分化培养基为宜。3.小植株的成长,以 White NAA0.1mg/1 IAA0.1mg/1培养基最适。愈伤组织主要起源于木射线细胞。在愈伤组织中可以产生连续的或不连续的、呈带状排列的分生组织,其中有些分生组织最后可形成象茎中的形成层那样连成一圈,但它们不能产生正常的维管组织,只能向一侧分化出木质部的管状分子,而不能向另一侧分化出韧皮部的筛状分子。另外,在愈伤组织中还出现了一些鸟巢状管胞团。不定根发生在愈伤组织深处,为内起源;不定芽起源于愈伤组织表面,为外起源。     

ELECTRON MICROSCOPE STUDIES ON THE MORPHOGENESIS OF PLASTIDS. X. ULTRASTRUCTURAL CHANGES OF CHLOROPLASTS IN MORNING GLORY LEAVES EXPOSED TO ETHYLENE

Electron microscopic studies were made on chloroplasts of morning glory leaves exposed continuously to ethylene (6.5 ppm) for 5 days. The leaves gradually became tinged with yellow and finally were shed. The chloroplasts suffered severe injury when plants were exposed to ethylene, i.e., normal thylakoidal membranes collapsed resulting in the formation of macrograna, and then the plastids became filled with many plastoglobules. With such a metamorphosis of chloroplasts, a great deal of phytoferritin was produced in the stroma. Plastid degeneration in this manner was similar, to a certain extent, to that in morning glory leaves exposed to ozone and in leaves undergoing natural senescence. Ethylene exposure rapidly induces senescence of plant organelles, especially chloroplasts.     

花背蟾蜍角膜早期形态发生的超微结构研究

本文用透射电镜对花背蟾蜍角膜早期形态发生(18期至25期即肌肉感应期至鳃盖完全封闭期)过程中超微水平的变化进行了细致的研究。结果表明:从19期至21期(心跳期至胚胎开口期)角膜处于尚无特异分化的预定角膜阶段,其结构与邻近表皮无明显区别;22期至24期末(尾血循环期至右侧鳃盖封闭期)是角膜上皮分化阶段,主要变化是角膜上皮变薄、上皮细胞中的色素颗粒被酶解和经粘液泡排出、上皮下层的形成以及内角膜基质原基细胞层数的增加;25期后进入透明的蝌蚪期角膜,此期上皮下层仍不被间质细胞侵入,内皮和基质是以内角膜基质原基的形式存在。