Chemical constituents from the aerial parts of Ajania fruticulosa

The isolation and identification of sixteen compounds extracted from the aerial parts of A. fruticulosa have been reported in the present study, including eight flavonoids (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8), three terpenoids (9, 10 and 11), two sterols (12 and 13), one lignan (14), one fatty acid (15) and one fatty acid ethyl ester (16), wherein six compounds (2, 3, 4, 5, 10 and 14) have been isolated from A. fruticulosa for the first time. Furthermore, among the identified compounds, three compounds (6, 7 and 11) have also been reported for the first time in the genus Ajanin and three compounds (8, 15 and 16) have not been isolated and reported from other plants of the family Asteraceae. In addition, the chemotaxonomic significance of these compounds was discussed.     

灌木亚菊挥发油化学成分研究

利用气相色谱-质谱-计算机联用技术,结合标准谱库,对甘肃产灌木亚菊的挥发油成分进行了研究,共鉴定出44种成分,占挥发油成分总量的90．49％,其中单萜、倍半萜类成分较多,这两类化合物分别占挥发油成分总量的42．39％和27．09％。含量居前三位的成分分别是1,7,7-三甲基-双环庚-2-酮（12．83％）,桉叶油素（9．94％）和十氢-α,α,4α-三甲基-8-亚甲基-2-甲醇萘（6．46％）。     

Dimeric guaianolides and other constituents from Gochnatia species

The roots of Gochnatia polymorpha afforded two new bisabolene derivatives and four dimeric guaianolides, two of them being isolated previously from G. paniculata. The aerial parts gave two further dimeric guaianolides. The aerial parts of G. hypoleuca afforded three new germacran-8,12-olides, a germacranolide acid and four additional dimeric guaianolides, which may be characteristic for this genus, while the presence of oxygenated germacranolides seems to be typical for the whole subtribe.     

Four guaianolides and other constituents from three kaunia species*

The investigation of three species of the new genus Kaunia afforded four new guaianolides and four thymol derivatives. The structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods. The chemotaxonomic situation is discussed briefly.     

Highly oxygenated guaianolides from Bishopanthus soliceps

In addition to known compounds several highly oxygenated guaianolides and eudesmanolides, derived from 1β-hydroxyarbusculin A, were isolated from the aerial parts of Bishopanthus soliceps, a member of a new genus of the tribe Liabeae.     

Evaluation of the composition and fumigant toxicity against Plodia interpunctella of essential oils from Ajania potaninii and Ajania fruticulosa

Indian meal moth, Plodia interpunctella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), is a worldwide omnivorous pest. It is the primary insect pest in many economically important stored crops. The insecticidal activity of essential oils (EOs) extracted from Ajania potaninii and Ajania fruticulosa were evaluated against Plodia interpunctella. EOs obtained by hydro-distillation were analyzed by GC–MS. Fumigant toxicity testing indicated that both EOs and their main components were toxic to P. interpunctella adults. 1,8-Cineole exhibited the strongest activity, having an LC₅₀ of 0.86 mg/L air and being twice as active as camphor. Myrtenol was also strongly toxic to P. interpunctella adults (LC₅₀ 0.99 mg/L air), while camphor, verbenol, borneol, and the two complete EOs exhibited lower toxicity. None of the EOs or main components exhibited significant toxicity against the larvae of P. interpunctella. This study provides evidence of the individual active substances accounting for the insecticidal activity of EOs from A. potaninii and A. fruticulosa. These EOs have potential as biological insecticides for controlling insect pest damage in stored crops.     

Chemical constituents from the aerial sections of Ajania potaninii

Nineteen compounds were isolated from Ajania potaninii, including one sulfur paraffin (1), one monoterpene (6), one lactone (3), one aliphatic acid (15), two sterols (8 and 10), one triterpenes (13), one alkaloid (18), eleven flavonoids (2, 4, 5, 7, 9, 11, 12, 14, 16 and 17) and one cyclic amide (19). All of these compounds were obtained from A. potaninii for the first time. This is the first report of N-nonanemercaptan (1), 3-hydroxy-5-decanolide (3), cirsiliol (5), 1,2,4-trihydroxy-p-mentane (6), 6-methoxytricin (7), eriodictyol (11), pectolinarigenin (12), 3,3′-di-O-methylquercetin (14), tetradecanoic acid (15), lappaconitine (18) and 1,1′,1″,1‴,1‴'-tricontane lactam (19) from the genus Ajania. The occurrence of compounds 18 and 19 in A. potaninii warrants further study.     

Antifungal rosane diterpenes and other constituents of Hugonia castaneifolia

The rosane diterpenoids hugorosenone [3beta-hydroxyrosa-1(10),15-dien-2-one], 18-hydroxyhugorosenone and 18-hydroxy-3-deoxyhugorosenone, and 12-hydroxy-13-methylpodocarpa-8,11,13-trien-3-one were isolated as antifungal constituents of H. castaneifolia Engl. root bark, together with the previously reported di-podocarpanoids hugonone A and hugonone B that were weakly active, and 1(10),15-rosadiene-2beta,3beta-diol (hugorosenol), 4alpha-methoxyhimachal-10-en-5beta-ol (hugonianene B) and 2-hydroxyhenpentacont-2-enal, and the known compounds tetracosyl-(E)-ferrulate and caryophyllene oxide, all of which were inactive. Hugorosenone also exhibited activity against Anopheles gambiae mosquito larvae. Structural determination was achieved based on spectroscopic data.     

A new highly oxygenated flavone from Veronia saligna

A new highly oxygenated flavone, namely 8,3'-dihydroxy-5,6,7,4'-tetramethoxyflavone (1), together with other five known flavonoids were isolated from the tropical plant Vernonia saligna. Their structures were established on the basis of spectral (MS, IR, UV, 1D & 2D NMR) measurement and chemical evidence.     

Two highly oxygenated eudesmanes and 10 lignans from Achillea holosericea

Two new highly oxygenated eudesmanes and 10 known lignans were isolated from the aerial parts of Achillea holosericea. Their structures were elucidated by extensive application of one- and two-dimensional 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy.     

Eudesmane derivatives and highly oxygenated monoterpenes from Iranian Artemisia species

The aerial parts ofArtemisia tournefortiana afforded three new eudesmanolides with a 12,6β-lactone ring and the corresponding acids which may be the precursors of the lactones. FromArtemisia aucheri six highly oxygenated geraniol derivatives were isolated. The structures were elucidated by high field NMR techniques.     

Antifungal constituents from the Chinese moss Homalia trichomanoides

Bioautographic assay on TLC plates was adopted to guide the fractionation of the Et2O extract of Homalia trichomanoides (Hedw.) B. S. G., which led to the isolation of the novel p-terphenyl derivative trichomanin (= 4,4'-dihydroxy-1,1':4',1'-terphenyl-2',3',5',6'-tetrayl tetrakis(phenylacetate); 1), together with five known compounds: 3alpha-methoxyserrat-14-en-21beta-ol (2), 3beta-methoxyserrat-14-en-21beta-ol (3), 3beta-methoxyserrat-14-en-21-one (4), atranorin (5), and methyl 2,4-dihydroxy-3,6-dimethylbenzoate (6). Their structures were determined on the basis of spectral data (1D- and 2D-NMR, MS), X-ray crystallographic analysis, and chemical transformation. Compounds 3, 5, and 6 exhibited antifungal activity against Candida albicans, with minimum inhibitory doses (MID) of 2.0, 2.0, and 0.6 microg, respectively.     

Root constituents of Cichorium pumilum and rearrangements of some lactucin-like guaianolides

Two eudesmanolides, eight lactucin-like guaianolides and five phenolic compounds were isolated for the first time from roots of Cichorium pumilum, along with two previously reported eudesmane-type sesquiterpene lactones. Rearrangements of some lactucin-like guaianolides during isolation procedures were also discussed.     

Antifungal constituents isolated from the seeds of Aegle marmelos

Antifungal constituents, 2-isopropenyl-4-methyl-1-oxa-cyclopenta[b]anthracene-5,10-dione and (+)-4-(2′-hydroxy-3′-methylbut-3′-enyloxy)-8H-[1,3]dioxolo[4,5-h]chromen-8-one in addition to known compounds imperatorin, β-sitosterol, plumbagin, 1-methyl-2-(3′-methyl-but-2′-enyloxy)-anthraquinone, β-sitosterol glucoside, stigmasterol, vanillin and salicin were isolated during phytochemical investigation on seeds of Aegle marmelos Correa.     

Heliangolides and other constituents from Bejaranoa semistriata

The investigation of Bejaranoa semistriata, a new genus in the tribe Eupatorieae, afforded in addition to known compounds a new furanoheliangolide, two epimeric 1-keto-heliangolides, two germacranolides, two nerolidol derivatives and a geranylnerol derivative. The structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods and a few chemical transformations.     

Volatile constituents from cauliflower and other crucifers

Vapour emanating from intact turnip and radish plants contained small amounts of only one component, probably hexenyl acetate, distinguishable from background vapours. From disrupted leaf tissues of cauliflower, turnip, radish and wallflower at 30°, the predominant vapour component was cis-hex-3-enyl acetate, whereas allyl isothiocyanate was the chief component from Brassica juncea. Other minor components were also identified. Apart from isothiocyanates, the only sulphur-containing component identified from these crucifers was dimethyl disulphide which was detected only from cauliflower, particularly in vapour from disrupted curd tissue.     

Alkaloids and other constituents from Tribulus terrestris

Three new compounds, terrestribisamide, 25R-spirost-4-en-3,12-dione and tribulusterine, together with 10 known compounds, N-p-coumaroyltyramine, terrestriamide, hecogenin, aurantiamide acetate, xanthosine, fatty acid ester, ferulic acid, vanillin, p-hydroxybenzoic acid and β-sitosterol, were isolated and characterized from dried fruits of Tribulus terrestris. Structures of these compounds were determined by spectral analysis.     

Flavanone and other constituents from Onychium siliculosum

Two new compounds, onitinoside and onysilin along with the known compounds, pinostrobin, onitin, onitisin, campesterol, sitosterol and n-alkanes (C₂₅-C₃₃) were isolated from Onychium siliculosum. Onitinoside and onysilin were identified by spectral and chemical methods as 4-O-glucosyl-6-(2′-hydroxyethyl)-2,2,5,7-tetramethylindan-1-one and 5-hydroxy-6,7-dimethoxyflavanone, respectively.     

Terpenoids and other constituents from Euphorbia bupleuroides

The phytochemical investigation of the roots of Euphorbia bupleuroides Desf. (Euphorbiaceae) yielded three new compounds named 4,20-dideoxy(4α)phorbol-12-benzoate-13-isobutyrate (1), 25-hydroperoxycycloart-3β-ol (2), and 3β,7β-dihydroxy-4α,14α-dimethyl-8β,9β-epoxy-5α-ergosta-24(28)-ene (3), together with 17 known compounds 4–20. Their structures were established from analysis of 1D (¹H, ¹³C and DEPT) and 2D NMR (COSY, HSQC, HMBC and NOESY) data, and of mass spectrometry (HRESIMS), and by comparison with literature data.