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1.
将水培后盆栽的花生幼苗,置于培养箱42℃高温培养,定时测定幼苗叶光合速率、叶绿素含量和叶绿体Ca2+-ATPase、Mg2+-ATPase的相对活性,并观察幼叶细胞内Ca2+分布的变化。试验结果表明:高温胁迫过程中,光合速率及叶绿素含量都随处理时间的延伸而下降,并呈显著正相关;叶绿体Ca2+-ATPase和Mg2+-ATPase高温胁迫过程中相对活性呈先升后降趋势,Ca2+-ATPase热敏性高于Mg2+-ATPase;高温胁迫过程中,Ca2+具有从胞外转运到胞质内和叶绿体中的趋势,Ca2+能够稳定高温胁迫下叶肉细胞膜和叶绿体的超微结构。 相似文献
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以大豆下胚轴为材料,采用改进的匀浆介质,通过两相法制得具有质子转运活力的高纯度质膜微囊.并且发现冻融处理可以促进质膜微囊的翻转而提高荧光猝灭效率.质子载体和质子转运特性分析表明,由Mg2+-ATP引发的荧光猝灭可以被质子载体CCCP恢复,并被质子通道抑制剂DCCD抑制;并且发现质膜H+-ATPase专一抑制剂钒酸钠可以完全抑制荧光猝灭,同时发现荧光猝灭依赖于Mg2+,并受K+刺激,最适pH为6.5.以上证明所测荧光猝灭是由质膜H+-ATPase所进行的质子转运引起的.结果同时表明,维持H+-ATPase合适构象和提高质膜微囊封闭性是制备具有H+转运活力质膜微囊的两个关键因素. 相似文献
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用生化测定法首次证实豚鼠精子质膜Ca2+-ATPase活性在精子获能和顶体反应过程中显著下降.Ca2+-ATPase抑制剂利尿酸(ethacrynic acid)抑制质膜Ca2+-ATPase活性,但钙调素(50μg/mL)的拮抗剂三氟拉嗪(TFP,200~500μmol/L)对该酶活性没有影响,说明钙调素不直接参与精子依赖于ATP的Ca2+的主动泵出.但钙调素与精子的Ca2+内流有关,钙调素拮抗剂TFP显著促进精子顶体反应和精子对Ca2+的摄入.Ca2+-ATPase抑制剂栎皮酮(quercetin)、原钒酸钠(sodiumorthovandate)、利尿磺胺(furosemide)和利尿酸均显著促进豚鼠精子的顶体反应,但却抑制精子对Ca2+的摄入,这无法用它们对质膜Ca2+-ATPase活性的抑制作用解释.推测这可能是由于Ca2+-ATPase抑制剂在抑制质膜Ca2+-ATPase活性的同时也抑制了顶体外膜或线粒体外膜上的该酶的活性,导致Ca2+在细胞质内的积累,进而通过负反馈机制抑制Ca2+进一步内流所致.另外,Ca2+-ATPase抑制剂对糖酵解的抑制作用也可能是Ca2+在细胞质中积累和抑制精子Ca2+摄入的原因. 相似文献
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以猪脑为材料,经匀浆、差速离心、蔗糖密度梯度离心分离突触体. 低渗破膜得到突触体膜. Triton X-100增溶后,经钙调蛋白亲和层析可得去脂的质膜Ca2+-ATPase. 用大体积亲和柱和大体积低Ca2+淋洗液淋洗,可得产率、纯度和活性均较高的质膜Ca2+-ATPase. 与大豆磷脂保温后,去脂的Ca2+-ATPase的水解活力可恢复达3.32 μmol/(mg·min).SDS-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳银染显示单一蛋白质带,分子质量约为140 ku,纯度在90%以上. 不同Ca2+浓度明显影响酶的活力. 相似文献
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镉胁迫下小麦根尖分生细胞中Ca2+分布的变化 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
运用透射电镜细胞化学方法对镉胁迫下小麦极尖分生细胞中Ca^2 分布的变化进行了观察。在正常生长条件下,Ca^2 广泛分布于细胞质,细胞核,细胞间隙中,特别是液泡中有大量的Ca^2 ;在镉胁迫条件下,细胞质基质内Ca^2 减少,而细胞核,质膜与细胞壁之间,细胞壁中Ca^2 明显增多,细胞液泡化,液泡中仍有较多Ca^2 。结果表明,Cd^2 引起细胞中原有Ca^2 分布发生明显变化。这很可能引起细胞生理功能紊乱。进而影响植物的生长。 相似文献
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以两相法提取纯化绿豆下胚轴质膜微囊,材料与两相体系重量之比为32∶8时,一次洗膜就可以得到纯度较高的质膜微囊。提取缓冲液中牛血清白蛋白的浓度对质膜H+-ATPase的潜在活性有影响。质膜H+-ATPase水解活性依赖于Mg2+,Ca2+对酶活性有明显的促进作用。壳梭孢素(fusicoccin, FC)对酶有明显的刺激作用,活体条件最大刺激达到72%,而离体条件下刺激为30%。 相似文献
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质膜Ca2+-ATPase(PMCA)是P型ATPase家族的一员,在真核细胞中主要负责信号刺激后胞内高浓度Ca2+的清除扫尾工作,并对维持静息状态下较低Ca2+浓度起着重要的调节作用.PMCA的一级结构已被确定,拓扑学结构显示,它有10个跨膜区和3个胞浆功能区.它的4个编码基因可产生4种亚型(PMCA 1~4),这些亚型在功能与分布上存在差异.PMCA的活性可被钙调蛋白等多种因素调节,这与其结构特征息息相关.近年来,PMCA已被证实与脂筏结构有一定关联,它在信号传导和细胞凋亡中的作用也成为目前科学研究的焦点.本文主要对PMCA的结构、亚型和功能的研究现状进行综述. 相似文献
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抗寒剂CR—4对冬小麦幼苗质膜钙泵(Ca^2+—ATPase)的稳定作用 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
通过磷酸铈沉淀的细胞化学观察揭示,常温下生长的冬小麦幼苗的Ca2+ATP酶活性主要定位在质膜上,同时,水浸种和抗寒剂浸种的小麦质膜Ca2+ATP酶活性没有差异。然而,小麦幼苗经-7℃冰冻处理12小时和24小时后,则表现明显的区别:水浸种的小麦幼苗质膜Ca2+ATP酶活性明显下降,直至完全失活,细胞的精细结构也同时被破坏;而经抗寒剂浸种的小麦幼苗质膜Ca2+ATP酶仍维持较高的活性,细胞结构也保持完整,显示抗寒剂对质膜Ca2+ATPase酶起着明显的稳定作用。 相似文献
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Liu Hong-xian Zeng Shao-xi Wang Yi-rou Li Ping Chen De-feng Guo Jun-yan Kuo Chun-yen 《植物学报(英文版)》1987,29(3)
The hybrid rice and their parental lines were exposed to the low temperature of 0, –2, –4℃ for 16 hours. The activities and isoenzymic patterns of SOD in various organelles of rice seedlings were studied. The experimental results are as follows: 1. This enzyme was located mainly in the cytosol (96%), the rest in mitochondria (2%) and chloroplasts (2%). The electrophoretogram showed that there were four isoenzymic activity bands of SOD in cytosol and mitochondria, three bands in chloroplasts. One band with relatively slow migrating rate was Mn-SOD isoenzyme and others were Cu-Zn SOD isoenzymes. 2. The change of SOD activities was obvious in the plant pretreated at –2℃ and –4℃ temperature for 16 hours. The effect of low temperature on SOD in various organelles was different. The sensitivity of SOD in chloroplasts was higher than those in mitochondria and cytosol. The two activity bands of Cu-Zn SOD isoenzyme in chloroplasts and mitochondria also decreased at low temperature. 3. The response of SOD activities in chloroplasts from hybrid and parent of rice to low temperature showed that the cold tolerance of hybrid progeny was similar to that of the material lines. 相似文献
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低温对杂优水稻及其亲本幼苗中超氧物歧化酶的影响 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
本试验表明,超氧物歧化酶(SOD)普遍存在于“杂优”水稻及其亲本的叶绿体、线粒体及细胞溶质中。在细胞溶质和线粒体中分离出三条 Cu-Zn-SOD 和一条 Mn-SOD 的同工酶,而叶绿体中只分离出三条 Cu-Zn-SOD 的同工酶。各细胞器以叶绿体中的 SOD 对低温反应最敏感,线粒体次之。杂交后代(F_1)叶绿体的 SOD 对低温的敏感性接近母本。 相似文献
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抗寒锻炼对冬小麦幼苗质膜Ca^2+—ATPase的稳定作用 总被引:14,自引:0,他引:14
通过氯化铈(CeCl3)沉淀的电镜细胞化学方法,观察了抗寒锻炼对冬小麦(TriticumaestivumL.)幼苗质膜Ca2+ATPase的稳定作用,主要结果是:(1)正常温度(20℃)下生长的冬小麦幼苗(未经抗寒锻炼),其质膜上有很强的Ca2+ATPase活性反应;当经过-9℃3h的低温处理后,质膜的Ca2+ATPase活性明显降低;在处理12h后,质膜的Ca2+ATPase活性进一步降低;当处理时间延长到24h,质膜的Ca2+ATPase完全失活,同时细胞的超微结构受到破坏。(2)冬小麦幼苗在2℃低温下锻炼15d后,其质膜的Ca2+ATPase活性高于未经抗寒锻炼的小麦幼苗。抗寒锻炼后的小麦幼苗在-9℃处理3h后,质膜的Ca2+ATPase活性与低温处理前相比无明显降低;经低温处理12h,质膜仍保持较高的Ca2+ATPase活性,较同样低温处理(-9℃,12h)但未经抗寒锻炼的幼苗高;当-9℃低温处理24h后,质膜上仍可观察到Ca2+ATPase的活性反应,而且细胞的超微结构也未受到破坏。结果表明,抗寒锻炼可提高冬小麦幼苗质膜Ca2+ATPase在低温下的稳定性 相似文献
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The ATPase activity present in plasmalemma-enriched preparations from maize coleoptiles shows an optimum at pH 6, a strong dependence on Mg2+, and is stimulated by K+ and other monovalent cations, both organic and inorganic. The activation of ATPase by K+ obeys Michaelis Menten kinetics, saturation being reached at 50 mM K+ concentration. K+, Mg2+-stimulated ATPase activity is strongly inhibited by N,N-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide and by diethylstilbestrol and, to a lesser extent, by octylguanidine.Abbreviations DCCD
N,N-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide
- DES
diethylstilbestrol
- DTE
dithioerythritol
- Ellmans r
5-5 dithiobis (2 nitrobenzoic) acid
- FC
fusicoccin
- NPA
naphthylphthalamic acid
- OG
octylguanidine
- PCMBS
p-chloromercuribenzensulphonate 相似文献
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Adenosine-triphosphatase activity on the plasmalemma and tonoplast of isolated mesophyll protoplasts, isolated vacuoles and tonoplast-derived microsomes of the Crassulacean-acid-metabolism plant Kalanchoe daigremontiana Hamet et Perr., was localized by a cytochemical procedure using lead citrate. Enzyme activity was detected on the cytoplasmic surfaces of the plasmalemma and tonoplast. The identity of the enzymes was confirmed by various treatments differentiating the enzymes by their sensitivity to inhibitors of plasmalemma and tonoplast H+-ATPase. Isolated vacuoles and microsomes prepared from isolated vacuoles clearly exhibited single-sided deposition on membrane surfaces.Abbveviations CAM
Crassulacean acid metabolism
- H+-ATPase
proton-translocating ATPase 相似文献
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Md. Parvez Anwar Md. Ariful Islam Khalid A. K. M. Mominul Islam Sabina Yeasmin Sharif Ahmed Adel Hadifa Ismail A. Ismail Akbar Hossain Ayman EL Sabagh 《Phyton》2021,90(5):1491-1506
Seed priming has proved to be an effective pre-germination seed invigoration technique for different crops toimprove seed and seedling performance under different abiotic stresses. In Bangladesh, winter rice is very oftenexposed to cold waves just after sowing in the nursery bed resulting in poor seed germination and seedling emergence, yellowish and thin seedlings production, and a very low survival rate. Seed priming may mitigate the coldstress during seed germination and seedling emergence and helps in the quality seedling production of winter rice.To evaluate the efficacy of different seed priming techniques in increasing seedling emergence, growth, vigor andsurvivability of winter rice cultivars under cold stress, a pot experiment was conducted at the Department of Agronomy, Bangladesh Agricultural University during December 2018 to January 2019. The experiment comprisedtwo factors, (A) Winter rice variety namely, i) BRRI dhan29 and ii) BRRI dhan36; (B) Seed priming agent namelyi) Control (no priming), ii) 20000 ppm NaCl, iii) 30000 ppm NaCl, iv) 20000 ppm KCl, v) 30000 ppm KCl, vi)20000 ppm CaCl2, vii) 30000 ppm CaCl2, viii) 50 ppm CuSO4, ix) 75 ppm CuSO4, x) 10000 ppm ZnSO4, xi)15000 ppm ZnSO4, xii) 2 ppm Na2MoO4, xiii) 3 ppm Na2MoO4, xiv) 100 ppm PEG (Polyethylene glycol4000) and xv) 150 ppm PEG. Seeds were sown on two different dates viz., 1st December and 1st January so thatseedlings are exposed to cold stress at different stages. The experiment was laid out in a completely randomizeddesign (CRD) with three replications. Results indicated that (in most of the cases) seed priming has a positiveimpact on seedling emergence rate (%), root length, shoot length, root shoot ratio, root dry weight, shoot dryweight, seedling dry weight and survival rate (%). Among the priming agents, KCl and CaCl2 performed best;while priming with NaCl and PEG showed no advantages over no priming for both the sowing dates. In general,BRRI dhan36 performed better than BRRI dhan29 in terms of seedling growth because of its higher tolerance tocold stress. But, both the varieties performed similarly in terms of emergence rate and survival rate. Thus, primingis an effective tool to increase seed germination, better seedling growth, and higher seedling survivability of winterrice under cold stress, and KCl (20000 ppm) or CaCl2 (20000 ppm) can be considered as a viable priming agent. 相似文献
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含钙培养液(对照)和仅用IAA处理的原生质体的体积和~(45)Ca~(2 )放射性强度均无变化。IAA处理含钙培养液中的原生质体,5min后~(45)Ca~(2 )积累明显增多,体积开始膨大。处理30min时~(45)Ca~(2 )积累最多,此时原生质体的膨大效应最好;随后~(45)Ca~(2 )积累和膨大效应逐渐下降。K~ 、Zn~(2 )、Ba~(2 )、Mg~(2 )等也可在一定程度上代替Ca~(2 )使原生质体体积膨大。原生质体的吸水在膨大中起着一定作用。EGTA、LaCl_3和verapamil均抑制IAA诱导的原生质体~(45)Ca~(2 )积累和体积膨大。说明Ca~(2 )可能在6-BA诱导原生质体膨大的过程中起着重要作用。 相似文献
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外源一氧化氮供体硝普钠对干旱胁迫下小麦幼苗叶中ATP酶活性和膜脂过氧化的影响 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
研究外源一氧化氮(NO)供体硝普钠(sNP)对干旱胁迫下小麦幼苗叶片ATP酶活性和膜脂过氧化影响的结果表明,15%聚乙二醇.6000(PEG-6000)模拟的干旱胁迫下小麦幼苗叶中H^+-ATP酶和Ca^2+.ATP酶活性显著升高后迅速下降,硫代巴比妥酸反应产物(TBARs)和质量膜透性增加;0.1mm01.L^-1 SNP可提高干旱胁迫下小麦幼苗叶中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)和过氧化氢酶(cAT)活性,降低超氧阴离子(O2^-)和过氧化氢(H2O2)水平,缓解膜脂过氧化,稳定生物膜的结构和功能,H^+-ATP酶和Ca^2+-ATP酶也可以保持更高的活性。 相似文献
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蒙古莸(Caryopteris mongolica)是珍稀濒危的资源性植物,具较高的观赏和药用价值。其分布范围正日渐缩小。通过对内蒙古中西部干旱草原区蒙古莸天然种群实生苗的调查,以及在室内模拟不同环境条件,对蒙古莸种子萌发和幼苗建成进行研究,旨在探究这一物种珍稀、濒危的原因。结果显示:1)自然条件下蒙古莸种子在5—7月大量萌发,但在幼苗生长初期死亡率较高,使得自然种群更新强度仅为0.11株/m~2。2)蒙古莸种子不存在休眠现象,成熟采收后很快即可萌发。萌发对水分要求较宽范,但适宜其种子萌发的温度范围较窄,为25—30℃。3)蒙古莸幼苗生长的最适温度为25℃,能耐受每日短暂的高温胁迫(50℃)。持续的高温、低温和频繁的降水显著增大幼苗死亡率。研究认为,蒙古莸种子萌发的条件与幼苗存活的条件差异较大,同时满足其萌发和幼苗存活和生长的窗口条件比较严苛。其野生生长地的生境条件往往难以满足要求,这是限制蒙古莸通过有性繁殖进行自然种群扩散的主要原因之一。 相似文献