豆腐柴研究进展与应用综述

豆腐柴是一种药食兼用的植物，开发利用和推广应用前景广阔。在国内外文献检索基础上，综述了豆腐柴扦插繁殖、组培快繁、离体溶液培养等繁育技术，豆腐柴中主要功能性成分果胶、蛋白质、多酚、黄酮类化合物等提取工艺，以及豆腐柴系列产品等方面的研究成果和进展状况，并对豆腐柴开发利用前景进行了分析和展望。     

野生豆腐柴叶营养成分分析及评价

豆腐柴(ＰｒｅｍｎａｍｉｃｒｏｐｈｙｌｌａＴｕｒｃｚ.)为多年生落叶灌木,其鲜叶可提取果胶;鲜叶汁可加工成凉豆腐或清凉饮料;根、茎和叶具有清热解毒、消肿止血的功效,主治毒蛇咬伤、无名肿毒和创伤出血[1,2]。我国豆腐柴野生资源丰富,分布广泛,但长期以来处于自生自灭状态,未能得到合理开发和利用。为此,本文对豆腐柴叶的营养成分进行了分析和评价,以期为野生豆腐柴资源的合理开发利用提供科学依据。1　材料与方法1.1　材料豆腐柴叶2000年7月采集于皖南山区,经安徽师范大学邵建章教授鉴定。采集后水洗,自然风干,碾碎,过20目筛,瓶装…     

安徽皖南山区豆腐柴化学成分预试

目的:对豆腐柴(Premna microphylla Turcz.)化学成分进行预试.方法:采用经典化学预试法对豆腐柴的水浸液、醇提液、石油醚提取液进行成分预试.结果:豆腐柴中含有黄酮及其苷类、三萜类及其苷类、糖、酚类、氨基酸、蛋白质、挥发油等化合物.结论:野生豆腐柴资源丰富,具有较好的营养价值,可以作为功能食品或药品加以开发利用.     

豆腐柴及其开发利用初步研究

豆腐柴（Premna microphylla Turcz.)是一种重要的野生果胶资源植物。本文简要地介绍了豆腐柴的生物学特性,经济利用价值,栽培技术和加工工艺,并就其在湘西自治州山区的开发利用提出建议。     

豆腐柴根提取物对小鼠非特异性免疫功能的影响

将不同剂量豆腐柴(Premna Microphylla Turcz)根提取物分别灌胃给药,通过小鼠刚果红吞噬试验,初步研究了豆腐柴根提取物对小鼠非特异性免疫功能的影响。结果表明,豆腐柴根提取物具有增强机体非特异性免疫功能的作用,其中以C组的效果最为显著。该研究为合理开发利用豆腐柴这一野生药物资源提供了科学的实验依据。     

丽水市野生豆腐柴叶片形态多样性研究

目的：通过对野生豆腐柴种质形态多样性及生物量的研究，为其开发利用提供参考。方法：选取六份形态差异明显的野生豆腐柴种质资源，测量叶片形态相关指标、测定生物量，并进行比较分析。结果：通过相关性分析发现，在六份野生种质资源中，叶片面积均与叶片周长、叶片长度显著正相关，而叶片数量与一级枝条直径大小相关性普遍较差。资源5的叶质比最高，比其他5份材料的平均数高出111%，同时，资源5生物量向根系和茎的分配比例低于其它资源。结论：从六份野生豆腐柴种质资源中筛选到一份生物量向叶片分配比例较高的材料，其叶片数量和叶片面积均高于其他材料；叶片长度可作为区分不同豆腐柴种质资源的参数。     

野生豆腐柴营养成分分析

对豆腐柴叶水分、灰分、粗蛋白、粗纤维、总糖、Vcβc、矿物元素的含量及氨基酸的组成和含量进行分析,为合理地开发与利用野生资源植物豆腐柴提供了科学的依据。     

豆腐木叶果胶含量的动态变化规律研究

测定了不同季节豆腐柴木叶中的果胶含量,并研究了不同叶位豆腐木果胶含量的变化规律.结果表明,豆腐木叶中的果胶含量在6～8月呈上升趋势,8月最高,9月开始下降.不同叶位果胶含量中,第3、5、6叶位的豆腐木叶片果胶含量较高,第5叶最高.     

谈两种马鞭草科植物

豆腐柴(Premna microphylla)和化石树(Clerodendrum japonicum)都是马鞭草科(Vebenaceae)植物,前者属臭黄荆属(Premna)、后者属赪桐属(Clerodendrum) 一、豆腐柴,又名豆腐木,多年生灌木,叶有臭味,分布于华东、中南、西南各省区,生山坡林下,其叶可制豆腐。夏秋之际,采摘其叶片,加水揉成汁,再用纱布滤浆,在滤过的绿色汁液中,加少量草木灰水,即可制成开胃、清凉解毒的绿色豆腐。以此豆腐生拌辣酱食用,风味独特,素油煮食,则鲜香可口。生化分析表明,叶片中含有30%左右的果胶,这是能被做成豆腐的主要原因。它是提取果胶的理想材料。叶片蛋白质含量     

豆腐柴的开发与利用

一、概述豆腐柴Premna microphylla Turez,又名臭黄荆、豆腐木、腐婢。属马鞭草科多年生落叶灌木。豆腐柴的鲜叶或干叶经加工后,可提取果胶、蛋白质、脂肪等,广泛用于食品工业,化工、医药方面的添加剂。加工后的残渣或鲜叶可直接用作牲畜的补充饲料。除此之外,其根、叶性味“苦、微辛、凉”是治疗疮、痢疾、肝火头痛、毒蛇咬伤,无名肿毒、创     

60Coγ射线辐射诱变大杯香菇的营养价值效应的主成分分析

应用多元统计成分分析法,对不同剂量60Coγ射线辐射大杯香菇诱发的蛋白质营养价值的6个主要营养指标进行了相关及主成分分析.结果表明,大杯香菇的大部分营养指标间存在极显著或显著相关.主成分分析显示,可将原6个营养指标综合为2个主成分,其累积贡献率可达96.20%.根据主成分对原性状的综合能力,进行营养价值分析,2个主成分可分别解释为生物价和必需氨基酸指数效应因子和营养指数效应因子,并建立了主成分方程,各处理组的主成分得分、综合得分计算排序第一为1.25 kGy处理组,所以为较适宜的辐射剂量.     

不同品种油甘子果实营养成分评价

为系统分析评价不同品种油甘子(Phyllanthus emblica)果实的营养品质,以‘赤皮’‘玻璃油甘’‘东坑甜’‘饼甜’‘六月白’和‘马蹄甜’6个品种油甘子果实为材料,测定7项营养成分含量,运用主成分分析法对果实营养成分含量进行分析评价。结果表明,各品种油甘子维生素C和还原糖含量均较高;维生素C与蛋白质呈显著正相关,还原糖与可溶性固形物呈显著正相关。通过主成分分析提取出3个主成分,认为‘赤皮’和‘玻璃油甘’2个品种可作为油甘子丰产林建设的优良栽培品种。     

On the application of (topographic) independent and tree-dependent component analysis for the examination of DCE-MRI data

In this contribution we investigate the applicability of different methods from the field of independent component analysis (ICA) for the examination of dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) data from breast cancer research. DCE-MRI has evolved in recent years as a powerful complement to X-ray based mammography for breast cancer diagnosis and monitoring. In DCE-MRI the time related development of the signal intensity after the administration of a contrast agent can provide valuable information about tissue states and characteristics. To this end, techniques related to ICA, offer promising options for data integration and feature extraction at voxel level. In order to evaluate the applicability of ICA, topographic ICA and tree-dependent component analysis (TCA), these methods are applied to twelve clinical cases from breast cancer research with a histopathologically confirmed diagnosis. For ICA these experiments are complemented by a reliability analysis of the estimated components. The outcome of all algorithms is quantitatively evaluated by means of receiver operating characteristics (ROC) statistics whereas the results for specific data sets are discussed exemplarily in terms of reification, score-plots and score images.     

空间独立成分分析实现fMRI信号的盲分离

独立成分分析（ICA）在功能核磁共振成像（fMRI)技术中的应用是近年来人们关注的一个热点。简要介绍了空间独立成分分析（SICA）的模型和方法,将fMRI信号分析看作是一种盲源分离问题,用快速算法实现fMRI信号的盲源分离。对fMRI信号的研究大多是在假定已知事件相关时间过程曲线的情况下,利用相关性分析得到脑的激活区域。在不清楚有哪几种因素对fMRI信号有贡献、也不清楚其时间过程曲线的情况下,用SICA可以对fMRI信号进行盲源分离,提取不同独立成分得到任务相关成分、头动成分、瞬时任务相关成分、噪声干扰、以及其它产生fMRI信号的多种源信号。     

分子生物学技术在胃肠道微生态中应用研究进展

哺乳动物胃肠道中栖息着大量的微生物(主要为细菌),它们在营养、生理、免疫等方面对宿主起着有益作用。传统上,胃肠道菌群研究主要依靠培养技术。近来,一些基于16S rRNA(DNA)的分子生物学技术已被广泛应用于胃肠道菌群的研究,这些技术主要有16S rDNA克隆基因文库、16S rDNA指纹技术、定量PCR技术、荧光原位杂交技术及基因芯片技术等。对这些用于胃肠道微生态研究的分子生物学技术作一综述。     

珍稀名贵中药-金钗石斛

金钗石斛是我国珍稀濒危的中药种类之一。本文就其生物学特性,药用价值及栽培技术要点等进行了简要论述,为金钗石斛的资源保护和开发利用提供了理论依据。     

红鲫实验动物含肉率及营养成分分析

目的探讨红鲫实验动物的营养需要、科学配制红鲫饲料。方法用常规方法测定红鲫幼鱼、红鲫成鱼的含肉率及肌肉营养成分。结果红鲫幼鱼、红鲫成鱼的含肉率为46．34％、42．35％;红鲫幼鱼、红鲫成鱼肌肉（鲜样）中分别含水分79．11％、78．49％,粗蛋白质12．47％、14．72％,粗脂肪6．95％、4．37％,粗灰分1．01％、1．41％,无氮浸出物0．47％、1．07％,能量5．65kJ／g、5．24kJ／g,其E／P值（能量蛋白比）为45．32kJ／g、35．69kJ／g。结论红鲫幼鱼、红鲫成鱼含肉率、肌肉营养成分有一定差异。     

六个品种花椰菜花球的营养成分分析与评价

为评价花椰菜(Brassica oleracea var. botrytis)的营养品质,测定了6个品种花球的10项营养指标,运用主成分分析和聚类分析方法对花椰菜品质进行综合评价。结果表明,6个品种的10项品质指标均存在不同程度的差异,变异幅度为12.22%~ 131.21%。维生素C (Vc)、总黄酮、总多酚、Fe、Ca、P、蛋白质含量间存在显著或极显著的关联性。系统聚类分析将6种花椰菜分为4类,黄色花椰菜‘209’、‘100’和‘217’各为1类,白色花椰菜‘210’、‘214’和‘218’聚为1类。主成分分析提取了花椰菜品质综合评价的3个主成分,获得6个营养评价指标：Vc、总黄酮、总多酚、Fe、Ca和P。通过建立评价函数模型: F= 0.5591Z₁+0.2189Z₂+0.1669Z₃,筛选出‘209’花椰菜的营养品质最高。这为挖掘及选育优良花椰菜品种提供了科学依据。     

Chemometric evaluation of pharmaceutical properties of antipyrine granules by near-infrared spectroscopy

The purpose of this research was to apply near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy with chemometrics to predict the change of pharmaceutical properties of antipyrine granules during granulation by regulation of the amount of water added. The various kinds of granules (mean particle size, 70–750 μm) were obtained from the powder mixture (1 g of antipyrine, 6 g of hydroxypropylcellulose, 140 g of lactose, and 60 g of potato starch) by regulation of the added water amount (11–19 wt/wt%) in a high-speed mixer. The granules were characterized by mean particle size, angle of repose, compressibility, tablet porosity, and tablet hardness as parameters of pharmaceutical properties. To predict the pharmaceutical properties, NIR spectra of the granules were measured and analyzed by principal component regression, (PCR) analysis. The mean particle size of the granules increased from 81 μm to 650 μm with an increase in the amount of water, and it was possible to make larger spherical granules with narrow particle size distribution using a high-speed mixer. Angle of repose, compressibility, and porosity of the tablets decreased with an increase of added water, but tablet hardness increased. The independent calibration models to evaluate particle size, angle of repose, and tablet porosity and hardness were established by using PCR based on NIR spectra of granules, respectively. The correlation coefficient constants of calibration curves for prediction of mean particle size, angle of repose, tablet porosity, and tablet hardness were 0.9109, 0.8912, 0.7437, and 0.8064, respectively. It is possible that the pharmaceutical properties of the granule, such as mean particle size, angle of repose, tablet porosity, and tablet hardness, could be predicted by an NIR-chemometric method.     

Sensory Characteristics and Antioxidant Activity of Zanthoxylum bungeanum Maxim. Pericarps

Zanthoxylum bungeanum extracts were prepared using seven solvents: water, methanol, ethanol, acetic acid, ethyl acetate, chloroform, and benzene. The volatile composition in the extracts was qualitatively analyzed using headspace solid‐phase microextraction coupled with gas chromatography mass spectrometry detection, and the alkylamide composition was determined using high‐performance liquid chromatography. The extract compositions differed with respect to the solvents. A total of 49 volatile components belonging to four groups, terpenoids, alcohols, esters, and ketones, were identified in the extracts. The Z. bungeanum extracts were either ester or terpenoid type, dominated by linalyl acetate. The extracts were divided into three distinct groups based on principal component analysis and hierarchical clustering analysis. Water, methanol, and ethanol extracts could be applied in the food and pharmaceutical industries.