食用菌原生质体融合育种研究进展

原生质体融合是微生物遗传育种中的一项重要技术,可以在种间、属间及科间构建出新型菌株,同时也是菌种改良的重要手段之一,在遗传育种中具有广阔的应用前景.从食用菌原生质体融合技术在育种上的特点,原生质体制备及影响因素,融合方法,融合子的鉴定以及前景展望等方面进行了综述.     

微生物原生质体融合育种技术及其应用

工业微生物菌种选育在发酵工业中占有重要地位。微生物原生质体融合(microbial protoplast fusion)技术具有重组频率高、受结合型或致育型限制小以及遗传物质传递完整等优点,是微生物育种最常用的方法之一。结合相关研究进展,分析了原生质体融合技术的组成,包括制备、再生、融合的影响因素以及融合子的筛选方法,重点评述了原生质体融合技术应用在微生物育种中的最新进展,以及微生物原生质体融合技术的发展前景。     

酿酒酵母原生质体的融合

原生质体融合技术开始于动植物细胞,特别是Willin等报道了PEG有助于高等植物细胞原生质体融合以后,这一技术广泛地应用于植物、微生物原生质体的融合和动物细胞的融合。原生质体的制备、培养、融合和发育为研究细胞分化、膜结构与功能、定向育种等生物学     

棒状杆菌灭活原生质体种间融合

原生质体融合技术越来越广泛地应用于遗传学基础理论和工业育种研究,且融合的方法不断改进。近来报道用灭活的亲株原生质体融合也能达到遗传重组:用链霉素灭活枯草芽孢杆菌原生质体、热灭活巨大芽孢杆菌原生     

原生质体培养在芸薹属蔬菜作物中的研究进展

原生质体是遗传转化的优良受体。在原生质体培养过程中会产生很多无性系变异,还可以产生体细胞杂种,这些都为蔬菜育种提供了新的途径。介绍了原生质体培养及原生质体融合方法的研究进展,综述了原生质体培养在芸薹属蔬菜育种中所取得的研究成果,并对今后研究的方向进行了展望。     

大型真菌原生质体融合技术研究进展

原生质体融合技术是近些年来迅速发展起来的细胞工程育种新技术,它具有许多常规杂交方法所无法比拟的独到之处。随着生物学研究手段的不断创新,使得原生质体融合技术正在逐步完善。本文综述了原生质体融合技术在大型真菌遗传方面的研究进展。     

微生物原生质体技术

从影响原生质体制备、再生的因素、原生质体融合、原生质体诱为、原生质体再生育种、原生质体转化和原生质体固定化等几个方面,较为全面地介绍了目前原生质体技术的发展现状,对相关机制和技术环节作了简要概述。     

原生质体灭活供体在食用菌融合中的应用初探

原生质体融合是进行遗传育种研究的重要手段,可是亲本菌株遗传标记的诱变筛选既费时费力,又会带来一些不良突变;远缘融合中细胞核的不亲和性,以及融合率普遍较低等问题阻碍了原生质体融合发展。国内外已有关于利用灭活原生质体作为供体与带有遗传标记的受体进行融合的...     

凤尾菇和盖囊侧耳原生质体非对称融合的研究

盖囊侧耳的双核体原生质体经过灭活处理作为供体与带有营养缺陷型标记的凤尾菇单核体原生质体受体融合,得到大量生长速度和菌落形态差异较大的融合子,这些融合子主要显示了供体菌株的特性,数次转接和进行原生质体再分离后,有的融合子再生菌株恢复了供体亲本的遗传特性,同时获得了一些新的生理特证。结果表明原生质体非对称融合可以作为食用菌原生质体融合育种的一种有效方式。     

凤尾菇和盖囊侧耳原生质体非对称融合的研究

盖囊侧耳的双核本原生质体经过灭活处理作为供体与带有营养缺陷型标记的凤尾菇单核体原生质体受体融合,得以大量生长速度和菌落形态差交大的融合子,这些融合子主要显示了供体菌株的特性,数次转接和进行原生质体再分离后,有的融合子再生菌株恢复了供体亲本的遗传特性,同时获得了一些新的生理特证。结果表明原生质体非对称融合可以作为食用菌原生质体融合育种的一种有效方式。     

Investigation of the mechanism of temperature sensitivity of the electroreceptors of ampullae of lorenzini

In experiments on Black Sea skates (Raja clavata), the potential of the receptor epithelium of the ampullae of Lorenzini and spike activity of single nerve fibers connected to them were investigated during electrical and temperature stimulation. Usually the potential within the canal was between 0 and –2 mV, and the input resistance of the ampulla 250–400 k. Heating of the region of the receptor epithelium was accompanied by a negative wave of potential, an increase in input resistance, and inhibition of spike activity. With worsening of the animal's condition the transepithelial potential became positive (up to +10 mV) but the input resistance of the ampulla during stimulation with a positive current was nonlinear in some cases: a regenerative spike of positive polarity appeared in the channel. During heating, the spike response was sometimes reversed in sign. It is suggested that fluctuations of the transepithelial potential and spike responses to temperature stimulation reflect changes in the potential difference on the basal membrane of the receptor cells, which is described by a relationship of the Nernst's or Goldman's equation type.I. P. Pavlov Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Leningrad. I. M. Sechenov, Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Leningrad. Pacific Institute of Oceanology, Far Eastern Scientific Center, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Vladivostok. Translated from Neirofiziologiya, Vol. 12, No. 1, pp. 67–74, January–February, 1980.     

Principles of organization and evolution of systems of regulation of functions

Evolution of living organisms is closely connected with evolution of structure of the system of regulations and its mechanisms. The functional ground of regulations is chemical signalization. As early as in unicellular organisms there is a set of signal mechanisms providing their life activity and orientation in space and time. Subsequent evolution of ways of chemical signalization followed the way of development of delivery pathways of chemical signal and development of mechanisms of its regulation. The mechanism of chemical regulation of the signal interaction is discussed by the example of the specialized system of transduction of signal from neuron to neuron, of effect of hormone on the epithelial cell and modulation of this effect. These mechanisms are considered as the most important ways of the fine and precise adaptation of chemical signalization underlying functioning of physiological systems and organs of the living organism