逆转录病毒介导的小干扰RNA稳定抑制子LRP16基因表达

RNA干涉是近年被广泛关注的一项技术,通过19～21 nt的双链核酸介导使靶基因mRNA特异降解,目前已被广泛应用于细胞水平的基因功能研究.通过沉默LRP16基因表达介绍一项利用逆转录病毒介导发夹环样小干扰RNA的策略.首先选择了LRP16基因mRNA翻译起始位点下游+374 nt和+668 nt位置分别作为小干扰RNA作用靶位点,通过设计21nt的反义序列,构建了pL374和pL668 2个以pLPC为骨架的逆转录病毒载体,针对绿色荧光蛋白序列构建pGFPi载体做阴性对照,茎环样结构小RNA由U6启动子驱动转录生成.3个载体分别与VSVG共转染293GP2细胞,包装假病毒,再分别感染MCF-7细胞,嘌呤霉素筛选获得稳定生成小干扰RNA的细胞.Northern blot实验表明pL374和pL668可分别将LRP16基因抑制90%和60%,为进一步研究LRP16基因功能奠定了基础.另外,首次将mU6启动子序列插入pLPC逆转录病毒载体骨架,将其改造为可介导发夹环样小干扰RNA产生的质粒载体.     

LRP16短发夹RNA慢病毒载体的构建及LRP16稳定抑制细胞的建立

目的:构建靶向LRP16基因的短发夹RNA(shRNA)慢病毒表达载体,鉴定其在HeLa细胞中对LRP16的抑制效果。方法:构建pWPT-U6-LRP16shRNA-CMV-GFP慢病毒载体,通过病毒感染、细胞筛选、Western印迹等步骤,获得LRP16基因稳定抑制的细胞株。结果:构建了具有LRP16干扰效果的慢病毒载体,感染HeLa细胞后获得了稳定沉默LRP16及对照的细胞株;经克隆筛选,在荧光显微镜下观察到近似100%感染细胞发出绿色荧光;Western印迹证实pWPT-U6-L374-CMV-GFP和pWPT-U6-L668-CMV-GFP均可显著抑制HeLa细胞株中LRP16蛋白的表达,其中pWPT-Gsi-L374-GFP的抑制效果更好。结论:构建了靶向人LRP16基因shRNA慢病毒载体及LRP16稳定抑制的HeLa细胞系。     

LRP16短发夹RNA慢病毒载体的构建及LRP16稳定抑制细胞的建立简

目的：构建靶向LRPl6基因的短发夹RNA（shRNA）慢病毒表达载体,鉴定其在HeLa细胞中对LRP16的抑制效果。方法：构建pWPT-U6-LRPl6shRNA-CMV-GFP慢病毒载体,通过病毒感染、细胞筛选、Western印迹等步骤,获得LRP16基因稳定抑制的细胞株。结果：构建了具有LRP16干扰效果的慢病毒载体,感染HeLa细胞后获得了稳定沉默LRP16及对照的细胞株;经克隆筛选,在荧光显微镜下观察到近似100％感染细胞发出绿色荧光;Western印迹证实pWPT-U6-L374-CMV-GFP和pWPT-U6-L668-CMV-GFP均可显著抑制HeLa细胞株中LRP16蛋白的表达,其中pWPT-Gsi-L374-GFP的抑制效果更好。结论：构建了靶向人LRP16基因shRNA慢病毒载体及LRP16稳定抑制的HeLa细胞系。     

小干扰RNA抑制LRP16基因表达限制了MCF-7乳腺癌细胞增殖

雌激素雌二醇上调人乳腺癌细胞MCF 7中LRP16基因表达 ,该基因过表达促进MCF 7细胞增殖 .为进一步探讨LRP16基因不同表达水平对MCF 7细胞增殖的影响以及对雌激素的反应性增殖能力 ,采用针对LRP16基因特异的小干扰RNA策略 ,通过逆转录病毒介导及抗性筛选构建了LRP16基因被稳定抑制的 2个MCF 7细胞系 ,针对绿色荧光蛋白的干扰序列作为阴性对照 .Northern印迹实验检测了LRP16基因在各个细胞株中mNRA的水平 ,与对照组细胞比较 ,针对LRP16基因不同位置的 2个小干扰RNA可分别将该基因抑制 90 %和 6 0 % .细胞增殖试验结果显示 ,MCF 7细胞中LRP16基因表达抑制率越高 ,细胞增殖速率减慢越显著 (P <0 0 5 ) ;软琼脂集落形成试验结果显示 ,抑制LRP16基因在MCF 7细胞中表达 ,限制了细胞锚定非依赖性生长 ;细胞周期分析结果表明 ,LRP16基因抑表达使MCF 7细胞G1 S周期转换受抑 ;Western印迹结果表明 ,LRP16基因表达抑制的细胞中细胞周期蛋白E及细胞周期蛋白D1蛋白水平显著下调 ,但未检测到P5 3及Rb蛋白表达水平的影响 .雌二醇刺激的增殖实验结果显示 ,抑制LRP16基因表达没有消除MCF 7细胞的反应性增殖特征 .上述结果表明 ,LRP16基因表达量与MCF 7细胞增殖能力密切相关 ,抑制其表达可有效限制MCF 7细胞的增殖能力 ,提     

针对核因子-kB P65基因的短发夹干扰RNA逆转录病毒载体构建与鉴定

目的:构建针对人核因子kB亚基P65基因mRNA的短发夹干扰RNA(shRNA)逆转录病毒表达载体,并探讨小干扰RNA(siRNA)靶向抑制NF-kB P65基因表达的作用.方法:根据shRNA设计原则,在人NF-kB P65全长序列中选取合19个核苷酸靶序列,设计形成siRNA的DNA模板并克隆到shRNA表达载体pSUPER.retro.neo中,构建针对NF-kB P65基因的shRNA表达载体.经293A细胞包装,并感染NIH3T3细胞进行病毒滴度测定后,感染THP-1细胞.分别采用RT-PCR和Western blot从mRNA和蛋白水平检测干扰效果.结果:限制性酶切和基因测序证实针对人NF-kB P65亚基的shRNA表达逆转录病毒载体成功构建;其感染THP-1细胞后,NF-kB P65的mRNA和蛋白表达明显抑制.结论:成功构建了NF-kB P65 shRNA逆转录病毒表达载体,该载体能高效感染THP-1并明显抑制NF-kB P65的表达.     

cmv-3′LTR嵌合启动子对逆转录病毒载体MFG滴度及外源基因表达的影响

为减轻逆转录病毒载体介导的外源基因的沉默,进一步提高逆转录病毒载体MFG介导的外源基因的表达水平,同时探讨逆转录病毒3′端长末端重复序列(long terminalrepeat,LTR)内U3区对病毒基因表达的影响,将逆转录病毒载体3′端LTR内的U3区用cmv核心增强子、启动子序列替代,同时去除了3个与逆转录病毒载体启动子甲基化有关的序列NCR、DR,并以egfp为报告基因,构建了MFG egfp和MFG egfp cmv表达载体。结果显示:利用cmv启动子替代MFG载体3′端LTR的U3启动子序列,会显著降低MFG载体的病毒滴度及其介导的外源报告基因的表达。提示利用cmv启动子替代病毒载体的3′端LTR内的U3区,并不是提高MoMLV(moloneymurineleukemivirus)逆转录病毒载体介导外源基因的表达及其病毒滴度的理想策略。结果也同时提示:在MoMLV逆转录病毒3′端LTR的U3区,可能存在与病毒RNA加工、成熟及稳定性有关的信号序列。     

cmv-3’LTR嵌合启动子对逆转录病毒载体MFG滴度及外源基因表达的影响

为减轻逆转录病毒载体介导的外源基因的沉默,进一步提高逆转录病毒载体MFG介导的外源基因的表达水平,同时探讨逆转录病毒3’端长末端重复序列(long-terminal repeat,LTR)内U3区对病毒基因表达的影响,将逆转录病毒载体3’端LTR内的U3区用cmv核心增强子、启动子序列替代,同时去除了3个与逆转录病毒载体启动子甲基化有关的序列NCR、DR,并以egfp为报告基因,构建了MFG-egfp和MFG-egfp-cmv表达载体。结果显示：利用cmv启动子替代MFG载体3’端LTR的U3启动子序列,会显著降低MFG载体的病毒滴度及其介导的外源报告基因的表达。提示利用cmv启动子替代病毒载体的3’端LTR内的U3区,并不是提高MoMLV(moloney murineleukemi virus)逆转录病毒载体介导外源基因的表达及其病毒滴度的理想策略。结果也同时提示：在MoMLV逆转录病毒3’端LTR限的U3区,可能存在与病毒RNA加工、成熟及稳定性有关的信号序列。     

携带人NFBD1基因shRNA重组逆转录病毒载体的构建及鉴定

建立逆转录病毒介导的NFBD1基因RNA干扰表达体系,并观察其在宫颈癌SiHa细胞中对NFBD1表达的影响.将人NFBD1基因RNA干扰双链DNA片段重组到pSUPER Retro质粒中,构建携带人NFBD1基因RNA干扰的逆转录病毒载体pSUPER-shRNA-NFBD1,经PT67细胞包装后,产生的重组逆转录病毒感染宫颈癌细胞株SiHa细胞,并用嘌呤霉素筛选产生稳定的细胞克隆,用实时荧光定量PCR和Westernblotting检测细胞中NFBD1 mRNA和蛋白表达的变化.重组逆转录病毒质粒经测序鉴定正确;逆转录病毒感染SiHa细胞后用嘌呤霉素筛选出稳定的细胞克隆;实时荧光定量PCR和Westernblotting检测人NFBD1 mRNA和蛋白表达水平明显低于阴性对照组和未干扰组.携带人NFBD1基因RNA干扰双链DNA片段的逆转录病毒感染SiHa细胞后能明显抑制NFBD1 mRNA和蛋白表达,为进一步研究NFBD1在宫颈癌中的作用奠定了基础.     

用pLNCX2携带人MCPH1基因shRNA重组逆转录病毒载体的构建及鉴定

目的建立逆转录病毒介导的MCPH1基因RNA干扰表达体系并观察其在宫颈癌Caski细胞中对MCPH1表达的影响。方法将人MCPH1基因RNA干扰双链DNA片段重组到逆转录病毒质粒pLNCX2中,构建携带人MCPHI基因RNA干扰的逆转录病毒载体pLNCX2-shRNA—MCPH1,经PT67细胞包装后,产生的重组逆转录病毒感染宫颈癌细胞株Caski细胞,并用G418筛选产生稳定的细胞克隆,用RT—PCR和Western印迹检测细胞中MCPH1mRNA和蛋白表达的变化。结果重组逆转录病毒质粒经测序鉴定正确,逆转录病毒感染Caski细胞后用G418筛选出稳定的细胞克隆,RT—PCR和Western印迹检测人MCPH1mRNA和蛋白表达水平明显低于阴性对照组和未干扰组。结论携带人MCPHI基因RNA干扰双链DNA片段的逆转录病毒感染Caski细胞后能明显抑制MCPHImRNA和蛋白表达,为进一步研究MCPH1在宫颈癌中的作用奠定了基础。     

LRP16对乳腺癌MCF-7细胞增殖的影响

用Northern印迹方法检测雌二醇 (17β E2 )对LRP16mRNA表达的时间及剂量依赖性调控作用 .构建LRP16基因启动子序列调控的萤光素酶报告子 (pS0 ) ,并与雌激素受体α和 β(ERα和ERβ)表达载体共转染COS 7和MCF 7细胞后测定萤光素酶活性 .将LRP16基因的表达载体转染MCF 7细胞 ,测定过表达LRP16对细胞的生长特性的影响 .17β E2 使MCF 7细胞中LRP16mRNA表达水平增加 ,增加幅度未显示出 17β E2 培养时间和剂量的依赖性 .pS0 与ERα表达载体共转染细胞的相对萤光素酶活性较非共转染组 (对照组 )及pS0 ERβ表载体共转染组升高 5～ 10倍 .LRP16基因过表达促进MCF 7细胞的增殖 .研究表明 ,雌激素可能通过ERα上调乳腺癌MCF 7细胞LRP16基因的表达并促进细胞增殖     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.