戏说基因：基因家族中的特殊成员（二）

戏说基因：基因家族中的特殊成员（二）奇云四、争论中的“犯罪基因”马克思早就断言：犯罪必将贯穿于阶级社会发展的全部历史。人为什么会犯罪？是什么驱使行为人疯狂地破坏社会、侵扰他人呢？这个沉重的问题,数千年来一直为无数哲人所冥思苦想。亚里斯多德曾将贫穷、情...     

果实成熟过程相关调控基因研究进展

果实成熟过程中,多聚半乳糖醛酸酶（ＰＧ）参与果胶的分解,从而在果实软化中起作用,新近发现,果实软化过程中,协同展蛋白具有一定的作用：ＡＣＣ合成酶（ＡＣＳ）、ＡＣＣ氧化酶（ＡＣＯ）和ＡＣＣ脱氨酶与乙烯合成直接有关,ＡＣＳ是乙烯形成的关键酶,由多基因家族编码,各个基因协同表达,每一基因都有自己的转录特性,新近不断发现果实中ＡＣＳ基因家族中的新成员;ＡＣＯ是一种与膜结合的酶,这种酶具有结构上的立体专一性     

汉滩病毒M和S基因不同拼接方式嵌合基因免疫效果的研究

本文在前期工作的基础上,构建了汉滩病毒76－118株M基因G2片段与S基因5'端0.7Kb片段的嵌合基因真核表达载体pcDNA3.1-G2S0.7及pcDNA3.1-S0．7G2;用该质粒免疫BALB/c小鼠,结果表明两种质粒免疫小鼠可同时诱导产生抗滩滩病核蛋白（NP)及糖蛋白（GP）特异性的抗体,且前者刺激产生的抗体效价明显高于后者。淋巴细胞增殖实验表明,pcDNA3.1-G2S0.7组免疫小鼠脾细胞时NP及GP的增殖指数均明显高于空载体对照组,而pcDNA3.1-S0．7G2组未检测到其淋巴细胞有明显的增殖。这说明汉滩病毒M基因G2片段及S基因0.7Kb片段的嵌合基因既可刺激机体产生特异的抗汉滩病毒体液免疫应答,也可刺激机体产生特异的细胞免疫应答。不同拼接方式对嵌合基因免疫效果有很大影响,嵌合基因G2S0．7这种拼接方式明显优于S0．7G2。     

浅谈基因符号的使用

现代遗传学以孟德尔定律重被发现和证实为纪元。开头的10年间,不仅提出基因的名称,而且建立了基因型和表型等概念。从而有了特定基因和个体基因型的表征性符号。见基因符号标志着相应的个体性状孟德尔的研究是从豌豆的相对性状入手的,他用大写字母A、B等代表显性性状,如圆粒、黄子叶;相应的小写字母a、o代表相对的隐性性状皱粒和绿子叶,如此等等。从其用这些符号代表的杂交结果来看,正是在形式上代表着基因。此后,在遗传分析中,例如用棋盘式作配子随机交配分析,一直沿用大写字母代表显性基因,小写字母代表隐性基因。不过,由于…     

基因概念的发展

１９０９年,约翰逊（Ｊｏｈａｎｎｓｅｎ）首次提出了基因（ｇｅｎｅ）的概念,用以替代孟德尔（Ｍｅｎｄｅｌ）早年所提出的遗传因子（ｇｅｎｅｔｉｃｆａｃｔｏｒ）一词,并创立了基因型（ｇｅｎｏ－ｔｙｐｅ）和表现型（ｐｈｅｎｏｔｙｐｅ）的概念,把遗传基础和表现...     

现代生物学基因研究进展——从遗传因子到超级基因（1）

基因是贯穿近现代生物学发展的一根主线,基因的概念一直处在不断的变化和发展中。伴随着生物学的发展,人们对于基因的认识由表及里、由浅入深,逐步深入到本质。按照时间的脉络追溯基因的发现及人们对基因认识不断深入的大致过程。     

癫痫基因研究进展

本综述了癫痫基因的定位,癫痫候选基因的筛查和癫痫相关基因的寻找及其进展。     

汉滩病毒M和S基因不同拼接方式嵌合基因免疫效果的研究

本文在前期工作的基础上,构建了汉滩病毒76-118株M基因G2片段与S基因5'端0.7Kb片段的嵌合基因真核表达载体pcDNA3.1-G2S0.7及pcDNA3.1-S0.7G2;用该质粒免疫BALB/c小鼠,结果表明两种质粒免疫小鼠可同时诱导产生抗汉滩病毒核蛋白(NP)及糖蛋白(GP)特异性的抗体,且前者刺激产生的抗体效价明显高于后者.淋巴细胞增殖实验表明,pcDNA3.1-G2S0.7组免疫小鼠脾细胞时NP及GP的增殖指数均明显高于空载体对照组,而pcDNA3.1-S0.7G2组未检测到其淋巴细胞有明显的增殖.这说明汉滩病毒M基因G2片段及S基因0.7Kb片段的嵌合基因既可刺激机体产生特异的抗汉滩病毒体液免疫应答,也可刺激机体产生特异的细胞免疫应答.不同拼接方式对嵌合基因免疫效果有很大影响,嵌合基因G2S0.7这种拼接方式明显优于S0.7G2.     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.