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1.
亚高山森林凋落叶腐殖化是联系植物与土壤碳库和养分库的重要通道, 在冬季可能受到雪被斑块的影响。该文采用凋落物网袋法, 于2012年11月-2013年4月研究了川西亚高山森林不同厚度雪被斑块(厚雪被、中雪被、薄雪被和无雪被)下优势树种岷江冷杉(Abies faxoniana)、方枝柏(Sabina saltuaria)、四川红杉(Larix mastersiana)、红桦(Betula albo-sinensis)、康定柳(Salix paraplesia)和高山杜鹃(Rhododendron lapponicum)凋落叶在不同雪被关键期(雪被形成期、雪被覆盖期和雪被融化期)的腐殖化特征。结果表明: 亚高山森林冬季不同厚度雪被斑块下6种凋落叶均保持一定程度的腐殖化, 其中红桦凋落叶腐殖化度最大, 达4.45%-5.67%; 岷江冷杉、高山杜鹃、康定柳、四川红杉和方枝柏凋落叶腐殖化度分别为1.91%-2.15%、1.14%-2.03%、1.06%-1.97%、0.01%-1.25%和0.39%-1.21%。凋落叶腐殖质在雪被形成期、融化期和整个冬季累积, 且累积量随雪被厚度减小而增加, 但在雪被覆盖期降解, 且降解量随雪被厚度减小而增大。相关分析结果表明, 亚高山森林凋落叶前期腐殖化主要受凋落叶质量影响, 且与氮和酸不溶性组分呈极显著正相关, 而与碳、磷、水溶性和有机溶性组分呈极显著负相关。表明冬季变暖情景下雪被厚度的减小可能促进亚高山森林凋落叶腐殖化, 但凋落叶腐殖化在不同雪被关键期受雪被斑块和凋落叶质量的调控。 相似文献
2.
亚高山森林林窗可能通过改变冬季雪被格局和生长季水热环境影响林窗内凋落物中半纤维素的分解动态, 但目前对此还缺乏研究。采用凋落物分解袋法, 以亚高山森林5种典型物种岷江冷杉(Abies faxoniana)、红桦(Betula albosinensis)、四川红杉(Larix mastersiana)、方枝柏(Sabina saltuaria)和高山杜鹃(Rhododendron lapponicum)凋落物为研究对象, 研究雪被形成期、雪被覆盖期、雪被融化期和生长季节从林窗中心、林冠林窗、扩展林窗到郁闭林下物种凋落物的半纤维素变化特征。经历一年分解后, 5种凋落物的半纤维素均呈现净累积现象。针、阔叶凋落物半纤维素分别在雪被覆盖期和融化期表现出相对较高的损失率。在雪被覆盖期和融化期, 凋落物半纤维素在林窗中心和林冠林窗具有相对较高的损失率; 而在生长季节, 林窗中心呈现相对较低的凋落物半纤维素累积率。统计分析结果表明凋落物分解过程中半纤维素损失率与环境因子和凋落物质量因子均显著相关。这些结果表明亚高山森林林窗对凋落物分解过程中半纤维素损失率具有显著影响, 分别促进了半纤维素在冬季的损失以及抑制了半纤维素在生长季节的累积, 意味着亚高山森林林窗的形成有利于凋落物半纤维素的降解。 相似文献
3.
Effects of forest gap on hemicellulose dynamics during foliar litter decomposition in an subalpine forest 下载免费PDF全文
亚高山森林林窗可能通过改变冬季雪被格局和生长季水热环境影响林窗内凋落物中半纤维素的分解动态, 但目前对此还缺乏研究。采用凋落物分解袋法, 以亚高山森林5种典型物种岷江冷杉(Abies faxoniana)、红桦(Betula albosinensis)、四川红杉(Larix mastersiana)、方枝柏(Sabina saltuaria)和高山杜鹃(Rhododendron lapponicum)凋落物为研究对象, 研究雪被形成期、雪被覆盖期、雪被融化期和生长季节从林窗中心、林冠林窗、扩展林窗到郁闭林下物种凋落物的半纤维素变化特征。经历一年分解后, 5种凋落物的半纤维素均呈现净累积现象。针、阔叶凋落物半纤维素分别在雪被覆盖期和融化期表现出相对较高的损失率。在雪被覆盖期和融化期, 凋落物半纤维素在林窗中心和林冠林窗具有相对较高的损失率; 而在生长季节, 林窗中心呈现相对较低的凋落物半纤维素累积率。统计分析结果表明凋落物分解过程中半纤维素损失率与环境因子和凋落物质量因子均显著相关。这些结果表明亚高山森林林窗对凋落物分解过程中半纤维素损失率具有显著影响, 分别促进了半纤维素在冬季的损失以及抑制了半纤维素在生长季节的累积, 意味着亚高山森林林窗的形成有利于凋落物半纤维素的降解。 相似文献
4.
Effects of snow patch on the dynamics of potassium and sodium during litter decomposition in winter in a subalpine forest of western Sichuan 下载免费PDF全文
《植物生态学报》2014,38(6):550
亚高山森林冬季不同厚度雪被斑块下显著的冻融格局差异可能对凋落物分解过程中钾(K)和钠(Na)的动态具有重要影响, 然而已有研究还不足以清晰地认识这一过程。以川西亚高山森林6种代表性树种凋落物为研究对象, 采用凋落物网袋法, 探讨冬季不同厚度雪被斑块下雪被形成期、覆盖期和融化期凋落物分解过程中K和Na元素释放或富集的特征。整个雪被覆盖时期, 6种凋落物分解过程中Na均表现为富集特征, 且以覆盖期最为明显; 而K表现为释放特征, 以雪被融化期释放率最大。相对于其他雪被斑块, 厚型和中型雪被斑块下凋落物K释放率相对较高; 除康定柳(Salix paraplesia)和高山杜鹃(Rhododendron lapponicum)外, 其他物种凋落物在厚型和中型雪被斑块下Na富集率较高。同时, 统计分析结果表明, 物种和雪被显著影响冬季不同关键时期凋落物K和Na元素动态。除红桦(Betula albosinensis)和方枝柏(Sabina saltuaria)凋落物外, 温度因子与凋落物K和Na动态变化呈显著正相关。这些结果表明气候变暖情景下冬季雪被覆盖的减小将抑制亚高山森林冬季凋落物分解过程中K和Na元素的释放, 但是释放程度受凋落物质量和雪被覆盖时期的显著影响。 相似文献
5.
Spatial characteristics in decomposition rate of foliar litter and controlling factors in Chinese forest ecosystems 下载免费PDF全文
《植物生态学报》2014,38(6):529
凋落物分解是森林生态系统碳循环的重要组成部分。建立中国森林凋落叶分解速率数据库, 分析凋落叶分解速率与其主要影响因素之间的关系, 对精确地预测中国森林生态系统碳收支具有重要意义。该研究通过收集已报道的中国森林凋落叶分解常数(k)及其相关变量, 分析探讨地理因素(纬度、经度和海拔)、气候因素(年平均气温和年降水量)、凋落叶质量(氮、磷、钾、木质素、木质素:氮和碳氮比)和叶特性(常绿与落叶、阔叶与针叶)对中国森林凋落叶分解速率的影响。结果表明, 在国家尺度上, k随年平均气温、年降水量、氮、磷和钾的增加而增加, 随纬度、经度、海拔、碳氮比、木质素和木质素:氮的增大而减小, 叶特性对k的影响不显著。气候与地理因素(年平均气温、年降水量和纬度)能解释k值变异的34.1%, 凋落叶质量(氮、钾、木质素和木质素:氮)能解释k值变异的21.7%, 它们能共同解释k值变异的74.4%。了解森林凋落叶分解速率在国家尺度上的格局和主控因素可为中国森林生态系统碳循环相关模型提供基础参数。 相似文献
6.
冻融环境下凋落叶添加对亚高山森林土壤腐殖化程度的影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
亚高山森林凋落叶与土壤腐殖化的关系是了解森林土壤有机质动态过程的关键内容,且受到季节性冻融、凋落叶与土壤性质的综合作用,但缺乏深入认识。因此,在对亚高山凋落叶腐殖化认识的前期基础上,以川西亚高山典型的针叶林、针阔混交林以及阔叶林土壤为研究对象,采用控制冻融环境和凋落叶添加的方法,通过分析土壤可提取腐殖质的色调系数(Δlog K)、光密度值(E4/E6)以及A600/C值等光学指标,研究冻融循环与凋落叶添加对土壤腐殖化程度的影响。结果表明:冻融循环和凋落叶添加及其交互作用均明显影响土壤的腐殖化程度,但受到凋落叶类型和土壤类型的调控。在冻融循环初期,添加凋落叶能促进土壤的腐殖化进程,提高土壤的腐殖化程度;随着冻融循环次数的增加以及凋落叶的不断分解,阔叶凋落叶对土壤的腐殖化表现出促进作用,而针叶凋落叶则对土壤的腐殖化表现出抑制作用。此外,在冻融循环环境下,即使土壤的腐殖化程度增加,但腐殖质仍为相对年轻的Rp型,有利于提高土壤的肥力。这些结果表明,气候变化情景下高山森林地表冻融循环的改变将显著影响凋落叶与土壤腐殖质的密切关系,为进一步认识区域森林土壤有机质动态提供了一定的科学依据。 相似文献
7.
川西高寒生态系统不同海拔土壤动物对冬季凋落叶腐殖化过程的影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
凋落叶在冬季的腐殖化过程是高寒生态系统土壤有机质形成和碳固定的重要阶段,并可能受到严酷冻结环境下仍具有一定活性的土壤动物的影响,但缺乏必要的关注。因此,以川西高山峡谷区海拔3000、3600、4000m的高寒森林和草甸典型凋落叶为研究对象,采用不同孔径大小的凋落物网袋去除土壤动物的方法,根据凋落叶的自然腐解过程,于2013年11月—2014年4月研究了不同冻融时期(冻结前期、深冻期、融化期)土壤动物对凋落叶腐殖化过程的作用。结果表明:通过对色调系数(Δlog K)和光密度值(E_4/E_6)值的分析,在高寒生态系统中,冬季随着温度的降低土壤动物促进了凋落叶的腐殖化,而随着温度的升高土壤动物抑制了凋落叶的腐殖化。深冻期土壤动物对海拔3000m的森林凋落叶腐殖化过程具有显著促进作用;在冻结前期土壤动物对海拔3600m森林凋落叶腐殖化过程具有显著促进作用;而融化期土壤动物对海拔4000m的草甸凋落叶腐殖化过程具有显著的抑制作用;其他海拔和时期没有显著影响。冻结初期土壤动物对凋落叶的腐殖化速率的作用高于深冻期和融化期,腐殖化度在深冻期达到最大值。这些结果表明气候变化情景下冬季变暖可能导致土壤动物抑制凋落物腐殖化,减少凋落物向土壤有机质的转化。 相似文献
8.
Accumulation of humic acid and fulvic acid during root humification of three diameters of two dominant subalpine trees in western Sichuan,China 下载免费PDF全文
《植物生态学报》2017,41(12):1251
Aims Plant roots store large amount of terrestrial carbon, but little is known about humus formation processes during the decomposing root litter. Compared with coarse roots, fine roots have greater nutrients, which may be favorable to humus formation. The objective of the study was to examine how root diameters affect their humus formation processes. Methods In this study, in order to examine the accumulation of humic acid and fulvic acid of three root diameter classes (0-2, 2-5 and 5-10 mm) of two subalpine tree species (Abies faxoniana and Picea asperata) on the eastern Qinghai-Xizang Plateau of China, a two-year field experiment was conducted using a litter-bag method. Air-dried roots of A. faxoniana and P. asperata were placed in litterbags and incubated at 10 cm of soil depth in October 11th, 2013. Duplicate litter bags were collected in May (late winter) and October (late in the growing season) of 2014 and 2015, respectively. Concentrations of humic acid and fulvic acid were measured, and net accumulations were calculated for different periods. Important findings The concentrations of humic acid and fulvic acid were significantly influenced by root diameter that humic acid and fulvic acid decreased with increase in root diameter. Root diameter had significant effects on the net accumulation of humic acid, but not for the accumulation of fulvic acid. However, there were no significant differences in both humic acid and fulvic acid between A. faxoniana and P. asperata roots. Regardless of tree species, humic acid degraded during the winter but accumulated during the growing season. After two years of decomposition, the net accumulations of humic acid in 0-2, 2-5 and 5-10 mm roots were 8.0, 10.8 and 7.6 g·kg-1 for P. asperata and 15.2, 8.0 and 7.8 g·kg-1 for A. faxoniana, respectively. Conversely, the degradation of fulvic acid in 0-2, 2-5 and 5-10 mm roots were 178.0, 166.0 and 118.0 g·kg-1 for P. asperata and 170.0, 160.0 and 128.0 g·kg-1 for A. faxoniana, respectively. Our results suggest that diameter-associated variations in substrate quality could be an important driver for root litter humification in this subalpine forest. Moreover, diameter effect is dependent on decomposition period in this specific area. 相似文献
9.
Short-term responses of winter soil respiration to snow removal in a Picea asperata forest of western Sichuan 下载免费PDF全文
《植物生态学报》2017,41(9):964
Aims Seasonal snow cover is one of the most important factors that control winter soil respiration in the cold biomes. The warming-induced decreases in snowpack could affect winter soil respiration of subalpine forests. The aim of this study was to explore the effects of snow removal on winter soil respiration in a Picea asperata forest.Methods A snow removal experiment was conducted in a P. asperata forest stand in western Sichuan during the winter of 2015/2016. The snow removal treatment was implemented using wooden roof method. Soil temperatures, snow depth and soil respiration rate were simultaneously measured in plots of snow removal and controls during the experimental period.Important findings Compared to the control, snow removal increased the fluctuations of soil temperatures. The average daily temperature of the soil surface and that at 5 cm depth were 1.12 °C and 0.34 °C lower, respectively, and the numbers of freeze-thaw cycles of the soil surface and that at 5 cm depth were increased by 39 and 12, respectively, in plots of snow removal than in the controls. The average rate of winter soil respiration and CO2 efflux were 0.52 μmol·m-2·s-1 and 88.44 g·m-2, respectively. On average, snow removal reduced soil respiration rate by 21.02% and CO2 efflux by 25.99%, respectively. More importantly, the snow effect mainly occurred in the early winter. The winter soil respiration rate had a significant exponential relationship with soil temperature. However, snow removal significantly reduced temperature sensitivity of the winter soil respiration. Our results suggest that seasonal snow reduction associated with climate change could inhibit winter soil respiration in the subalpine forests of western Sichuan, with significant implications for the carbon dynamics of the subalpine forests. 相似文献
10.
Effects of forest gap size on initial decomposition of twig litter in the subalpine forest of western Sichuan,China 下载免费PDF全文
《植物生态学报》2018,42(1):28
林窗调控的土壤水热环境和分解者群落结构可能深刻影响凋落物分解过程, 已有的研究结果具有不确定性。为了解高海拔森林林窗面积对凋落枝分解的影响, 采用凋落物分解袋法, 于2012-2016年冬季和生长季节, 研究了川西亚高山森林255-290 m 2(FG1)、153-176 m 2(FG2)、38-46 m 2(FG3) 3种面积林窗和林下对岷江冷杉(Abies faxoniana)凋落枝质量损失的影响。结果显示: 林窗面积大小显著改变了林窗和林下的雪被厚度、温度和冻融循环频次; 雪被厚度和温度以FG1林窗最高, 林下最低; FG1、FG2、FG3林窗和林下枝条分解4年后的质量残留率分别为59.9%、59.5%、62.1%和55.3%, 分解系数k值分别为0.127、0.131、0.120和0.135, 95%分解时间分别为23.6、22.7、25.0和22.2 a; 与林下相比, 林窗显著增加了第一年和第二年生长季节的质量损失速率, 降低了第一年和第四年冬季的枝条质量损失速率; 林窗大小对质量损失速率的影响随分解时期变化差异明显, 质量损失速率在第一年和第三年冬季随林窗面积增大而增大, 在第三年生长季节随林窗面积增大而降低; 枝条质量损失的比例在第一年最高, 随林窗面积增加而增加, 且冬季高于生长季节。综上所述, 林窗环境变化深刻影响亚高山森林凋落枝分解, 但这种影响随林窗面积和分解时间有所差异。 相似文献
11.
亚高山森林冬季不同厚度雪被斑块下显著的冻融格局差异可能对凋落物分解过程中钾(K)和钠(Na)的动态具有重要影响, 然而已有研究还不足以清晰地认识这一过程。以川西亚高山森林6种代表性树种凋落物为研究对象, 采用凋落物网袋法, 探讨冬季不同厚度雪被斑块下雪被形成期、覆盖期和融化期凋落物分解过程中K和Na元素释放或富集的特征。整个雪被覆盖时期, 6种凋落物分解过程中Na均表现为富集特征, 且以覆盖期最为明显; 而K表现为释放特征, 以雪被融化期释放率最大。相对于其他雪被斑块, 厚型和中型雪被斑块下凋落物K释放率相对较高; 除康定柳(Salix paraplesia)和高山杜鹃(Rhododendron lapponicum)外, 其他物种凋落物在厚型和中型雪被斑块下Na富集率较高。同时, 统计分析结果表明, 物种和雪被显著影响冬季不同关键时期凋落物K和Na元素动态。除红桦(Betula albosinensis)和方枝柏(Sabina saltuaria)凋落物外, 温度因子与凋落物K和Na动态变化呈显著正相关。这些结果表明气候变暖情景下冬季雪被覆盖的减小将抑制亚高山森林冬季凋落物分解过程中K和Na元素的释放, 但是释放程度受凋落物质量和雪被覆盖时期的显著影响。 相似文献
12.
Effects of streams on lignin degradation during foliar litter decomposition in an alpine forest 下载免费PDF全文
《植物生态学报》2016,40(9):893
AimsStreams are widely distributed in alpine forests, and litter decomposition in which is an important component of material cycling across the forest landscape. The leaching and fragmenting effects as well as the unique environmental factors in streams may have significant impacts on lignin degradation during litter decomposition, but studies on this are lacking.
Methods Using litterbag methods, we investigated the dynamics of lignin mass remaining and concentration (percent litter mass, %) during the decomposition of four foliar litters, which varied significantly in the initial litter chemical traits, from the dominant species of Salix paraplesia, Rhododendron lapponicum, Sabina saltuaria, and Larix mastersiana under different habitats (forest floor, stream, and riparian zone) in the upper reaches of the Minjiang River.
Important findings After two year’s incubation, litter lignin mass remaining for a specific litter species varied significantly (p < 0.05) among habitats, with an order of stream < riparian zone < forest floor. Lignin was degraded substantially in the early stage of litter decomposition process, and the lignin concentration first decreased and then increased with the proceeding of litter decomposition, but varied significantly (p < 0.05) among different litter species. Lignin mass showed a general trend of decrease across the 2-year decomposition course. In addition, habitat type, decomposition period and microenvironmental factors (e.g., temperature, pH value and nutrient availability) showed substantial influences on lignin degradation rate. These results suggest that the traditional view that lignin was relatively recalcitrant with an increase of concentration in the early stage of litter decomposition is challenged, but the loss of lignin in the early phrase is in line with recent findings about the fate of lignin during litter decomposition. Moreover, the significant differences of lignin degradation rates among different decomposition period and habitat types indicated that local-scale environmental factors can play a significant role in litter decomposition and lignin degradation processes. 相似文献
Methods Using litterbag methods, we investigated the dynamics of lignin mass remaining and concentration (percent litter mass, %) during the decomposition of four foliar litters, which varied significantly in the initial litter chemical traits, from the dominant species of Salix paraplesia, Rhododendron lapponicum, Sabina saltuaria, and Larix mastersiana under different habitats (forest floor, stream, and riparian zone) in the upper reaches of the Minjiang River.
Important findings After two year’s incubation, litter lignin mass remaining for a specific litter species varied significantly (p < 0.05) among habitats, with an order of stream < riparian zone < forest floor. Lignin was degraded substantially in the early stage of litter decomposition process, and the lignin concentration first decreased and then increased with the proceeding of litter decomposition, but varied significantly (p < 0.05) among different litter species. Lignin mass showed a general trend of decrease across the 2-year decomposition course. In addition, habitat type, decomposition period and microenvironmental factors (e.g., temperature, pH value and nutrient availability) showed substantial influences on lignin degradation rate. These results suggest that the traditional view that lignin was relatively recalcitrant with an increase of concentration in the early stage of litter decomposition is challenged, but the loss of lignin in the early phrase is in line with recent findings about the fate of lignin during litter decomposition. Moreover, the significant differences of lignin degradation rates among different decomposition period and habitat types indicated that local-scale environmental factors can play a significant role in litter decomposition and lignin degradation processes. 相似文献
13.
Dynamics in foliar litter decomposition for Pinus koraiensis and Quercus mongolica in a snow-depth manipulation experiment 下载免费PDF全文
《植物生态学报》2018,42(2):153
气候变化导致的冬季雪被格局变化将改变地表水热环境及分解者活性, 从而显著影响高寒地区森林凋落物分解过程。2014-2016年采用凋落物分解袋法, 研究了帽儿山森林生态站人工林控雪模拟试验下红松(Pinus koraiensis)和蒙古栎(Quercus mongolica)的凋落叶于雪被期和无雪期不同阶段的分解动态。控雪试验包括增雪、除雪和对照3个处理。结果发现: 树种、控雪处理、分解阶段以及环境因子(凋落物层平均温度、冻融循环次数、有机层全氮、全磷含量等)均影响着凋落叶分解率。分解试验的两年内, 不同控雪处理下红松凋落叶的分解率为52.1%-54.5%, 蒙古栎为53.9%-59.1%。两种凋落叶的分解系数均以增雪处理最大, 除雪处理最小。此外, 控雪处理改变了两种凋落叶雪被期或无雪期对分解总量的贡献率。与对照相比, 增雪处理使红松和蒙古栎凋落叶雪被期的分解贡献率分别提高9.1%和10.4%; 而除雪处理使两种凋落叶无雪期的分解贡献率分别提高10.4%和12.7%。因此, 由气候变化带来的冬季雪被改变不但会显著影响温带森林凋落叶的分解过程, 而且会改变雪被期和无雪期的分解量对年分解总量的贡献率。 相似文献
14.
以无脊椎动物为主体的土壤动物是影响凋落物分解的重要生物因素,对维持陆地生态系统物质循环和能量流动具有重要作用。高山林线交错带是高山植被垂直带谱中重要的过渡区域,拥有比相邻生态系统更高的生境复杂性和物种多样性。林线上温度波动和冻融循环频率显著高于针叶林,为了了解林线交错带上环境差异对凋落物分解过程中的土壤动物群落结构和多样性的影响,采用凋落物分解袋的方法,于高山生态系统的两个主要时期,即雪被末期和生长季末期,研究了林线主要代表性灌木——高山柳(Salix cupularis)、高山杜鹃(Rhododendron lapponicum)和红毛花楸(Sorbus rufopilosa)凋落叶分解的土壤动物多样性特征。结果表明:凋落物中的无脊椎动物群落多样性及个体、类群密度随物种、海拔梯度和季节而变化,且季节差异对无脊椎动物多样性的影响比物种和海拔梯度更显著。3个因子的交互作用不仅影响土壤动物群落多样性和均匀度,而且影响群落个体密度和类群密度。雪被末期,凋落物中的无脊椎动物多样性指数H、均匀度指数J及丰富度指数D以针叶林最高,优势度指数C以林线最高;生长季节末期的无脊椎动物类群密度和个体密度显著高于雪被末期。总体上,凋落物中的无脊椎动物群落丰富度以生长季末期最高,林线较针叶林丰富。这意味着,未来气候变暖情景下,灌丛密度增加,凋落物输入量增大,可能导致无脊椎动物多样性增加。 相似文献
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亚高山森林林窗大小对凋落叶木质素降解的影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
木质素降解是认识高寒森林凋落物分解过程的关键环节,可能受到林窗大小及其在不同季节水热环境的影响。采用分解袋法,研究了川西亚高山森林不同面积大小林窗下红桦(Betula albo-sinensis)和岷江冷杉(Abies faxoniana)凋落叶在初冻期、深冻期、融化期、生长季节初期、生长季节中期和生长季节后期的木质素分解动态特征。研究结果表明,采样时间和林窗面积大小对两种凋落叶的木质素降解均有显著影响。经历1a分解,红桦凋落叶的木质素降解了21.53%—27.65%,而岷江冷杉凋落叶的木质素富集了7.95%—19.40%。较大林窗促进了冬季岷江冷杉凋落叶和生长季节红桦凋落叶木质素的降解,抑制了冬季红桦凋落叶木质素的降解;而生长季节岷江冷杉凋落叶木质素富集速率则为林下大林窗中林窗小林窗。逐步回归分析表明,凋落叶木质素的降解过程在冬季主要受到负积温和土壤冻融循环次数的影响(木质素结构的物理破碎),而在生长季节则主要受到平均温度和正积温的影响(木质素的生物降解)。可见,川西亚高山森林木质素降解受林窗格局变化的显著影响,且林窗大小对凋落叶木质素降解的影响与物种和分解时期有关。 相似文献
16.
灰分是凋落叶的重要组成部分,其浓度直接关系到凋落叶的分解过程及有机组分的动态特征,且可能受生境和分解时期的影响,然而有关凋落叶分解过程中灰分动态的研究鲜有报道。采用凋落袋法,以岷江上游高寒森林4种代表性植物康定柳(Salix paraplesia)、高山杜鹃(Rhododendron lapponicum)、方枝柏(Sabina saltuaria)和四川红杉(Larix mastersiana)凋落叶为研究对象,研究了高寒森林凋落叶在3种不同环境条件下(林下、溪流、河岸带)分解过程中灰分的动态特征。结果表明,灰分量随凋落叶的分解整体呈现降低的趋势,且不同环境条件和不同物种之间存在明显的差异。与之相反,经过两年的分解,除溪流中康定柳凋落叶灰分浓度略有下降外(-0.99%),林下和河岸带中康定柳凋落叶及其它物种凋落叶中灰分浓度在所有环境条件下均表现出了增加的趋势(5.86%—72.15%)。凋落叶分解过程中灰分浓度变异量在不同分解时期存在明显或显著的差异,且受物种和环境因子的调控。这些结果表明,传统上认为凋落叶分解过程中灰分浓度比较稳定的观点是不准确的,且以凋落叶分解过程中灰分浓度不变的前提下采用无灰分质量损失(ash free mass loss)而计算凋落叶质量损失的方法存在一定的不准确性。研究为认识凋落叶分解过程中灰分的动态特征及凋落叶质量损失的测定方法提供了一定的参考。 相似文献
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Effects of a winter wildfire on plant community structure and forage quality in subalpine grassland of western Sichuan,China 下载免费PDF全文
《植物生态学报》2013,37(10):922
火是继土壤、水分、温度之后, 塑造地表植被的主要力量。该文以2010年“12·5”冬草场火烧事件为背景, 通过对比川西亚高山草地火烧区域和未火烧区域火后第一年植被群落结构和牧草质量, 探讨亚高山草地植被对冬季火烧的响应机制。通过物种多样性分析、双向指示种分析(TWINSPAN)和干重等级法(dry-weight-rank)分析发现, 冬季火烧未改变植被的生物多样性、均匀度和物种丰富度, 却改变了植被群落结构的物种组成。冬季火烧导致一年生禾草、一年生杂草、灌木等3种生活型植物的数量和生物量增加; 多年生杂草数量减少, 生物量增加; 多年生禾草数量和生物量减少。冬季火烧也极大地减少了可食禾草的比例, 增加了各种杂草的生物量比例。此次火烧事件降低了细柄草(Capillipedium parviflorum)和早熟禾(Poa sp.)等可食禾草的竞争能力, 增加了一些杂草(如火绒草(Leontopodium leontopodioides)、白莲蒿(Artemisia sacrorum)、草玉梅(Anemone rivularis)等)在资源竞争中的相对优势, 最终表现为火后牧草的可食性下降。 相似文献
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凋落物分解是森林生态系统碳循环的重要组成部分。建立中国森林凋落叶分解速率数据库, 分析凋落叶分解速率与其主要影响因素之间的关系, 对精确地预测中国森林生态系统碳收支具有重要意义。该研究通过收集已报道的中国森林凋落叶分解常数(k)及其相关变量, 分析探讨地理因素(纬度、经度和海拔)、气候因素(年平均气温和年降水量)、凋落叶质量(氮、磷、钾、木质素、木质素:氮和碳氮比)和叶特性(常绿与落叶、阔叶与针叶)对中国森林凋落叶分解速率的影响。结果表明, 在国家尺度上, k随年平均气温、年降水量、氮、磷和钾的增加而增加, 随纬度、经度、海拔、碳氮比、木质素和木质素:氮的增大而减小, 叶特性对k的影响不显著。气候与地理因素(年平均气温、年降水量和纬度)能解释k值变异的34.1%, 凋落叶质量(氮、钾、木质素和木质素:氮)能解释k值变异的21.7%, 它们能共同解释k值变异的74.4%。了解森林凋落叶分解速率在国家尺度上的格局和主控因素可为中国森林生态系统碳循环相关模型提供基础参数。 相似文献
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改变凋落物输入对川西亚高山天然次生林土壤呼吸的影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
2019年5月-10月,采用LI-8100A土壤碳通量自动测量分析仪对川西米亚罗林区20世纪60年代采伐后经自然更新恢复形成的岷江冷杉(Abies faxoniana)次生针叶林(针叶林)、红桦(Betula albo-sinensis)+青榨槭(Acer davidii)+岷江冷杉次生针阔混交林(针阔混交林)和青榨槭+红桦+陕甘花楸(Sorbus koehneana Schneid)次生阔叶林(阔叶林)的土壤呼吸及土壤温湿度因子(对照、去除凋落物和加倍凋落物)进行观测。结果显示:去除和加倍凋落物对土壤温湿度的影响不显著,且3种林型之间的土壤呼吸速率差异不显著。与对照相比,去除凋落物使针叶林、针阔混交林、阔叶林的土壤呼吸速率分别降低了17.65%、21.01%和19.83%(P<0.05);加倍凋落物则分别增加6.76%、7.28%、8.16%(P>0.05)。3种林分土壤呼吸速率均与土壤温度极显著指数相关,与土壤湿度不相关。对照Q10值变幅为2.01-3.29,去除凋落物降低了3种林型的Q10值;加倍凋落物分别提高了针叶林和降低了针阔混交林和阔叶林的Q10值。土壤呼吸速率仅表现在天然次生林对照处理中受到土壤pH、有机质、可溶性有机氮和草本Pielou均匀度指数的显著影响。研究结果表明,天然次生阔叶林和针阔混交林凋落物对土壤呼吸的贡献及Q10值高于天然次生针叶林,说明在未来CO2浓度及温度升高背景下,地表凋落物增加并未引起天然次生林土壤呼吸速率成倍增加,更有利于该区域天然次生林尤其是针叶林的土壤碳吸存。 相似文献
20.
Long-term effects of experimental nitrogen additions on foliar litter decay and humus formation in forest ecosystems 总被引:25,自引:0,他引:25
Decomposition rates and N dynamics of foliar litter from 4 tree species were measured over a 72 month period on the Chronic Nitrogen Addition plots at the Harvard Forest, Petersham MA, beginning in November 1988. Plots received nitrogen additions of 0, 5 and 15 g N m-2yr-1 in two different stand types: red pine and mixed hardwood. Bags were collected in August and November of each year and litter analysed for mass remaining, nitrogen, cellulose and lignin content. Mass remaining was significantly greater for litter in nitrogen treated plots than in control plots after 48 months. Lignin content of litter was significantly higher with nitrogen treatments but there was little effect of treatment on cellulose content. N concentration was similar between treatments, but greater mass remaining in treated plots resulted in a higher total amount of N in humus produced in the high N plot. This mechanism could be a sink for up to 1.5 g N·m-2yr-1 of the 1.5 g N·m-2yr-1 added annually to the high N plots. Reduced decomposition rates in conjunction with increased lignin accumulation could impact global carbon sequestration as well. 相似文献