影响两种麦蚜成蚜有翅率的因子分析

对影响 2种麦蚜有翅率的因子分析表明 ,供试的 3种小麦品种 (系 )麦长管蚜成蚜有翅率间F值为 0 .31 82 ,F 相似文献   

“8455”小麦植株化学成分与麦蚜（长管蚜,二叉蚜）种群消长的关系

通过对两种肥力条件下的“８４５５”小麦植株化学成分与麦长管蚜和麦二叉蚜种群消长关系的研究与分析,结果表明可溶性糖、含钾量、含水量是影响麦二叉蚜种群消长的主要因子,胱氨酸是影响麦长管蚜种群消长的主要因子．     

“8455”小麦植株化学成分与麦蚜（长管蚜、二叉蚜）种群消长的关系

通过对两种肥力条件下的“8455”小麦植株化学成分与麦长管蚜和麦二叉蚜种群消长关系的研究与分析,结果表明可溶性糖、含钾量、含水量是影响麦二叉蚜种群消长的主要因子,胱氨酸是影响麦长管蚜种群消长的主要因子。     

“秦油2号”油菜植株内含物与萝卜蚜有翅率的关系

通过对Ｎ、Ｐ、Ｋ不同施肥条件下的“秦油２号”油菜植株内含物等与萝卜蚜有翅率关系的研究,建立了８个数学模型,结果表明可溶性糖、总Ｎ、糖与蛋白质之比和丝氨酸与萝卜蚜有翅率有密切关系,其次是天门冬氨酸、苏氨酸、谷氨酸、甘氨酸、丙氨酸、蛋氨酸、异亮氨酸、亮氨酸、酪氨酸、含水量、水溶性蛋白、酰胺氮和含Ｐ量等．     

棉株内含物和外源JH对棉蚜成蚜有翅率及种群消长的影响

通过系统研究得出 ,棉花植株中油酸、缬氨酸和脯氨酸对棉蚜种群消长有影响 ,油酸、天门冬氨酸和丝氨酸对棉蚜成蚜有翅率有影响 ;外源保幼激素类似物对棉蚜种群消长和成蚜有翅率均有重要影响 .     

“秦油2号”油菜植株内含物与萝卜蚜有翅率的关系

通过对N、P、K不同施肥条件下的“秦油2号”油菜植株内含物等与萝卜蚜有翅率关系的研究,建立了8个数学模型,结果表明可溶性糖、总N、糖与蛋白质之比和丝氨酸与萝卜蚜有翅率有密切关系,其次是天门冬氨酸、苏氨酸、谷氨酸、甘氨酸、丙氨酸、蛋氨酸、异亮氨酸、亮氨酸、酪氨酸、含水量、水溶性蛋白、酰胺氮和含P量等。     

两种品系油菜植株成分与蚜虫种群消长及成蚜翅型的关系

本文研究两种品系油菜植株成分与桃蚜(Myzus persicae(Sulzer))、萝卜蚜(Lipaphis erysimi(Kaltenbach))的种群消长及成蚜翅型的关系.经分析得出如下结果:1.桃蚜种群消长与苏氨酸、赖氨酸、组氨酸、丙氨酸、硬脂酸等含量有关;桃蚜成蚜无翅率与精氨酸、谷氨酸、酪氨酸、异亮氨酸等含量有关.2.萝卜蚜种群消长与苏氨酸、蛋氨酸、异亮氨酸、苯丙氨酸、酪氨酸、含水量有关;萝卜蚜成蚜无翅率与含水量.亚麻酸.苏氨酸、油酸,天门冬氨酸、丝氯酸、亚油酸等含量有关.     

“秦油2号”油菜植株内含物与桃蚜种群消长的关系

通过对N、P、K不同施肥条件下的“秦油2号”油菜植株内含物与桃蚜种群消长关系的研究与分析,建立了9个数学模型,结果表明可溶性糖含量、含K量、含水量对桃蚜种群消长影响最大;低N、低K、中P组合对桃蚜种群增长不利。     

两种品系油菜植株成分与蚜虫种群消长及成蚜翅型的关系

本文研究两种品系油菜植株成分与桃蚜(Myzus persicae(Sulzer))、萝卜蚜(Lipaphis erysimi(Kaltenbach))的种群消长及成蚜翅型的关系。经分析得出如下结果:1.桃蚜种群消长与苏氨酸、赖氨酸、组氨酸、丙氨酸、硬脂酸等含量有关;桃蚜成蚜无翅率与精氨酸、谷氨酸、酪氨酸、异亮氨酸等含量有关。2.萝卜蚜种群消长与苏氨酸、蛋氨酸、异亮氨酸、苯丙氨酸、酪氨酸、含水量有关;萝卜蚜成蚜无翅率与含水量。亚麻酸。苏氨酸、油酸,天门冬氨酸、丝氯酸、亚油酸等含量有关。     

大尺度生态景观对麦长管蚜迁入的影响

【目的】解析不同生态景观对于麦长管蚜Sitobion avenae(Fabricius)迁飞和降落的影响,为预测预报提供科学指导。【方法】在麦长管蚜迁入期,选取了多个山脉、河流、湖泊等典型的大生态景观,抽样调查其周围麦田中麦长管蚜有翅成蚜的百株蚜量。【结果】调查显示,有翅成蚜量山的南侧比北侧多,而湖泊和河流附近的有翅成蚜量一般少于远处。山脉对麦长管蚜有翅成蚜迁入有明显阻挡作用,高海拔地区有利于有翅成蚜的迁入,孤山也对有翅成蚜迁入降落存在影响,虽然河流和湖泊对有翅成蚜的迁飞不会产生生态阻隔,但河流和湖泊景观附近不利于有翅成蚜的降落。【结论】大尺度生态景观对麦长管蚜的迁入具有明显影响,不同的生态景观类型影响程度存在差异。     

The impact of transgenic wheat expressing GNA (snowdrop lectin) on the aphids Sitobion avenae, Schizaphis graminum, and Rhopalosiphum padi

This study investigated the impact of transgenic wheat expressing Galanthus nivalis agglutinin (GNA), commonly known as snowdrop lectin, on three wheat aphids: Sitobion avenae (F.), Schizaphis graminum (Rondani), and Rhopalosiphum padi (L.). We compared the feeding behavior and the life-table parameters of aphids reared on GNA transgenic wheat (test group) and those aphids reared on untransformed wheat (control group). The results showed that the feeding behaviors of S. avenae and S. graminum on GNA transgenic wheat were affected. Compared with the control group, they had shorter initial probing period, longer total nonprobing period, shorter initial and total phloem sap ingestion phase (waveform E2), shorter duration of sustained ingestion (E (pd) > 10 min), and lower percentage of phloem phase of the total observation time. Moreover, S. graminum made more probes and had a longer total duration of extracellular stylet pathway (waveform C). The fecundity and intrinsic rate of natural increase (r(m)) of S. avenae and S. graminum on the transgenic wheat were lowered in the first and second generations, however, the survival and lifespan were not affected. The effects of the GNA expressing wheat on S. graminum and S. avenae were not significant in the third generation, suggesting rapid adaptation by the two aphid species. Despite the impact we found on S. avenae and S. graminum, transgenic GNA expressing wheat did not have any effects on R. padi.     

The integrative effects of population density, photoperiod, temperature, and host plant on the induction of alate aphids in Schizaphis graminum

The wheat aphid Schizaphis graminum (Rondani) displays wing dimorphism with both winged and wingless adult morphs. The winged morph is an adaptive microevolutionary response to undesirable environmental conditions, including undesirable population density, photoperiod, temperature, and host plant. Here we studied the integrative effects of population density, photoperiod, temperature, and host plant on the induction of alate aphids in S. graminum. The present results show that these four factors all play roles in inducing alate aphids in S. graminum but population density is the most important under almost all circumstances. In importance, population density is followed by photoperiod, host plant, and temperature, in that order. These results indicate that ambient environmental factors are highly important to stimulation of alate aphids in S. graminum, especially when population density reaches 64 individuals per leaf.     

设施农业景观下破碎化麦田麦蚜及寄生蜂种群的最小适生面积

最小适生面积(MASH)指在一定的时空范围内物种能稳定存在的最小生境面积,它是种群生存力分析(PVA)的重要方法之一.本文采用基于种群数量-面积关系原理的MASH模型模拟了银川平原设施农业景观下破碎化麦田麦蚜、初寄生蜂与重寄生蜂种群发生的MASH.研究表明：密度 面积、增长速度-面积关系模型间存在反比例函数关系,不同物种存在的函数关系明显不同,尤其在不同营养级别的物种间,其函数关系差异更为明显.根据密度-面积关系,利用多项式回归模型计算了麦二叉蚜、麦长管蚜、燕麦蚜茧蜂、烟蚜茧蜂与蚜虫宽缘金小蜂的MASH,其营养级间的MASH差异显著.不同物种的MASH与营养级高低、体型大小、生境质量等有关.初寄生蜂最高的寄生率出现在800～1000 m²,可作为利用初寄生蜂自然控制麦蚜的依据,而不同营养级物种MASH差异可用于害虫的种群控制.     

宁夏地区麦长管蚜远距离迁飞的研究

通过1992—1978年的调查试验, 初步明确了以下事实:本地越冬的麦长管蚜尚未羽化, 田间已出现有翘成蚜;小麦苗期发现了穗期才能产生的穗型蚜;在冰冻期的高山上多次捕到有翅麦蚜;有翅成蚜大范围的“同期突发”现象;外来麦蚜占春季田间有翅蚜的98.8%以上.首次提出, 在有本地蚜源的情况下, 存在外来蚜源, 且外来蚜源可以成为春季田间麦长管蚜群的主体.本文分析讨论了迁入蚜源的可能基地和须进一步研究的问题.     

小麦品种抗性对麦长管蚜种群增长的影响

本研究采用室内、外结合的方法,分苗期和拔节期,对大田抗蚜性鉴定中表现不同的10个小麦品种的抗性对麦长管蚜种群增长的影响进行了研究。研究结果显示,品种抗性对麦长管蚜的存活率、发育进度、繁殖力有一致的抑制作用;品种间抗蚜性存在显著差异。同时通过组建不同品种上麦长管蚜繁殖特征生命表,从量的角度揭示了小麦品种抗性与麦长管蚜种群增长之间的关系。     

Observation on the initial inoculum source and dissemination of Entomophthorales-caused epizootics in populations of cereal aphids

A total number of 1092 migratory alates were trapped from air in wheat grown area of Yuanyang County, Henan Province from early April through May 2002 in order to confirm the source and dissemination of entomophthoralean inocula to cause epizootics of cereal aphids. Those included 415 Sitobion avenae, 642 Rhopalosiphum padi, 22 Metopolophium dirhodum, and 13 Schizaphis graminum. The trapped alates were daily collected and individually reared for 7 days on wheat plants in laboratory. Of those 341 alates died of fungal infection, taking 31.2% in the trapped alates. These included 224 S. avenae, 106 R. padi, 8 M. dirhodum, and 3 S. graminum. Deaths of all infected alates occurred during the first 5 days and 78.9% of the deaths occurred within the first 3 days. Individual examination under microscope proved that all deaths were attributed to entomophthoralean fungi. Of those Pandora neoaphidis accounted for 84.6%, Conidiobolus obscurus for 9.9%, and Entomophthora planchoniana for 5.5%. Four alate deaths die     

麦蚜种间竞争研究初报

麦蚜是小麦的主要害虫之一,不仅直接为害小麦,且传播黄矮病。不同地区,麦蚜发生程度及其优势种不同;同一地区,在小麦不同的生育期麦蚜优势种也会发生变化。有关这方     

Biological Characterization of an Italian Isolate of Barley Yellow Dwarf Luteovirus from Barley

An isolate of BYDV (BYDV-OC), from barley in Northwest Italy with typical symptoms of yellowing and dwarfing, was transmitted by Rhopalosiphum padi, Sitobion fragariae. S. avenae, Metopolophium festucae, R. maidis and M. dirhodum , but not by Myzus persicae or Schizaphis graminum . It reacted in DAS-ELISA with monoclonal and polyclonal antisera to PAV, but not with antibodies to MAV, RPV and RMV. A polyclonal antiserum prepared to BYDV-OC did not react with MAV-like, RPV-like, or RMV-like isolates of BYDV in ELISA or in Western blots. The concentration of BYDVOC in Avena byzantina plants decreased from weeks 1 to 10 after inoculation, but the total virus content per plant increased up to weeks 7 to 8, following the increase of plant weight.