生长休止蛋白7在大鼠小脑皮质发育过程中的动态表达

目的研究生长休止蛋白7(Gas7)在大鼠小脑皮质不同发育时期的动态表达。方法采用逆转录聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)方法检测Gas7mRNA在大鼠小脑皮质不同发育时期的表达;免疫组织化学方法观察Gas7蛋白在大鼠小脑皮质不同发育时期的表达和分布。结果 RT-PCR结果:Gas7mRNA在大鼠小脑皮质发育时期的表达呈现先增强后减弱的趋势,高峰出现在生后第21d(P21)。免疫组化实验结果:在胚胎第18.5d(E18.5)和E20.5仅Purkinje细胞层有Gas7免疫阳性产物分布;出生当天(P0)外颗粒层出现Gas7阳性神经纤维,Purkinje细胞层出现形态不规则的Gas7免疫阳性细胞;P7外颗粒层和Purkinje细胞层免疫反应增强,内颗粒层出现一些散在的Gas7强阳性细胞,胞体较小,突起清晰可见;P14小脑皮质4层均有Gas7阳性表达;P21小脑皮质3层Gas7免疫阳性反应较P14增强(P0.01);Adult(2月龄)较P21免疫反应减弱(P0.01)。结论 Gas7在大鼠小脑皮质发育过程中的动态表达呈现出时空特异性,提示Gas7基因在大鼠小脑皮质发育过程中可能起着重要的调控作用。     

大鼠不同发育阶段胰腺Wnt5a的表达

目的:探讨大鼠胰腺不同发育阶段与胰岛形成和功能完善相关基因的表达趋势.方法:分离孕12.5d(E12.5)、E15.5d(E15.5)、18.5d(E18.5),新生(P0),生后14天(P14)、21d(P21)及成年(AP)大鼠胰腺组织,采用高密度寡核苷酸芯片对E12.5、E15.5、E18.5、P0和AP胰腺进行基因转录水平分析,并用RT-PCR验证wnt5a在不同发育时期的表达.结果:与胰岛功能相关基因多从胚胎18.5d开始出现明显高表达;与细胞迁移、聚集黏附相关基因多在胚胎18.5d高表达;WNT信号通路相关基因在胚胎15.5d表达量最高,wnt5a在胚胎15.5d表达量达到高峰.结论:wnt5a可能与胰岛形成、功能完善及出生后的胰腺重塑有关.     

TrkA在不同发育阶段大鼠脑源性神经干细胞中表达的变化

目的通过研究不同发育阶段大鼠大脑皮层神经干细胞上TrkA（酪氨酸激酶A）表达的改变,为了解Tr-kA在神经系统发育中的作用与神经干细胞定向分化的可能机制打下基础。方法取孕13,15,17,19,21d和生后1d的Wistar大鼠完整脑组织做连续矢状位石蜡切片,用免疫荧光双标技术检测上述不同时期nestin（巢蛋白）和TrkA共表达量的变化。计算平均阳性率,用均数±标准差（x-±s）来表示并进行统计学分析。结果免疫组化结果显示：TrkA广泛分布在大鼠中枢神经系统;在大鼠大脑皮层,TrkA的表达于孕17d达高峰;Nestin的表达在孕15d达高峰;二者的共表达呈现先升高后下降的丰度变化趋势,高峰期在孕15d。结论TrkA和nestin的表达变化提示大鼠脑发育在孕17d对神经生长因子NGF的需求量最多,而取孕15d的大鼠脑组织进行细胞培养可以得到较多的神经干细胞;TrkA和Nestin的共表达规律提示体外应用NGF定向诱导分化神经干细胞时,可以据此将神经干细胞培养的最佳取材时间选为孕15d。     

成对框基因2蛋白在C57BL/6J小鼠脑发育进程中的表达

目的 研究正常C57BL/6J小鼠脑发育进程中的组织形态学变化以及成对框基因2(Pax2)蛋白在胚胎期和出生后脑组织中的表达规律。方法 取C57BL/6J小鼠胚胎期11.5 d、13.5 d、15.5 d的胎鼠头部和胚胎期17.5 d、出生后0 d、7 d、14 d和30 d小鼠的全脑组织进行石蜡包埋,连续矢状位切片后进行HE染色和免疫组织化学染色。结果 胚胎期11.5d可见小鼠完整的5个脑泡结构,15.5 d大脑皮质出现5层结构,小脑皮质外颗粒层明显可见。出生后各脑区按照时空顺序继续发育,到P30大脑皮质和小脑皮质均发育成熟出现典型的结构特征。Pax2蛋白在脑组织中的表达主要定位于细胞核和神经纤维上,在胚胎期的表达主要集中在脑桥延髓部位且呈弥漫性表达,E13.5达到高峰,出生后在脑桥延髓的表达逐渐减弱,但在小脑中的表达较胚胎期增强;E13.5时在小脑内开始少量表达,P7时达到高峰,P14后表达量逐渐降低;Pax2蛋白在外颗粒层中于E17.5时开始表达,出生后主要在内颗粒层和髓质中强烈表达,到P30时表达减弱,仅分布在内颗粒层中。结论 小鼠脑发育在一定的时空顺序下,经历了一个复杂的过程...     

Gas7在大鼠梨状皮质发育过程中的表达

目的研究生长休止蛋白(Growth arrest-specific protein 7,Gas7)在大鼠梨状皮质发育过程中的表达。方法采用逆转录聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)方法和免疫组织化学方法检测Gas7核酸与蛋白在SD大鼠胚胎第18.5天(E18.5)、E20.5、出生当天(P0)、生后第7天(P7)、P14、P21和成年(Adult)各时期梨状皮质中的表达。结果 RT-PCR结果显示Gas7核酸在大鼠梨状皮质各发育时期均有表达,在P14时表达最强;免疫组织化学方法显示梨状皮质在E18.5时即出现Gas7免疫阳性产物,至P7时出现清晰的Gas7免疫阳性细胞,至P14时细胞数达到峰值,免疫阳性反应最强,P21细胞数少于P14(P0.05),Adult细胞数少于P21(P0.05)。结论 Gas7在梨状皮质的表达具有时间上的差异性,提示Gas7可能在梨状皮质结构形成和功能成熟方面起着重要的调控作用。     

Gas7在大鼠斜角带核发育过程中的表达

目的研究大鼠发育过程中,生长休止蛋白7(growth arrest-specific protein 7,Gas7)在斜角带核(diagonal band nucleus,DB)的表达。方法应用RT-PCR方法、Western blot方法和免疫组织化学方法观察胚胎期16.5天(E16.5)、E20.5、出生当天(P0)、生后7天(P7)、P14、P21和2月龄(成年)大鼠DB的Gas7表达及定位。结果 RT-PCR和Western blot检测显示,在E16.5时Gas7表达最弱,其后逐渐增强,至P21时达到高峰;免疫组织化学染色显示,斜角带核水平支(horizontal limb of the diagonal band,HDB)在E16.5和E20.5时出现Gas7免疫反应阳性产物,Gas7阳性神经元出现于P0,至P21时阳性神经元数量最多,染色最深;斜角带核垂直支(vertical limb ofthe diagonal band,VDB)至P14时Gas7阳性神经元最多,P21和成年均有所减少。结论 Gas7的表达在大鼠DB发育过程中具有时间和空间上的特异性,提示Gas7可能参与大鼠DB的发育过程。     

MicroRNA-9-1促进大鼠表皮干细胞分化为神经细胞

目的:探讨MicroRNA-9-1在体外诱导大鼠表皮干细胞向神经细胞分化过程中的作用。方法:构建大鼠MicroRNA-9-1慢病毒载体,并感染SD大鼠的表皮干细胞;实验分为感染组、未感染组和阴性对照组;采用β-巯基乙醇诱导感染后的SD大鼠表皮干细胞分化为神经细胞。倒置荧光显微镜下观察表皮干细胞感染后GFP荧光表达的情况;免疫细胞化学染色检测神经微管结合蛋白2(MAP-2)的表达水平;RT-PCR检测MAP-2mRNA的表达水平。结果:阳性克隆PCR检测证明大鼠MicroRNA-9-1慢病毒载体构建成功;感染后48 h,在倒置显微镜下观察到,感染组GFP荧光表达达到峰值,感染效率达到了(85.6±1.9)%;β-巯基乙醇诱导7 h时,感染组大部分表皮干细胞向神经细胞分化,且诱导效果显著好于未感染组和阴性对照组;MAP-2在蛋白((87.3±0.6)%)和mRNA水平(约2倍)的表达率显著高于其他各组(P0.05)。结论:MicroRNA-9-1慢病毒载体可以高效感染大鼠表皮干细胞,且可以促进表皮干细胞在β-巯基乙醇的诱导下向神经细胞分化。     

ING4、PHDs以及HIF-1α在低氧性肺动脉高压大鼠中的表达变化

目的研究大鼠低氧性肺动脉高压(hypoxic pulmonary hypertension,HPH)模型中ING4表达变化的规律及其与PHDs、HIF-1α间的相互关系。方法实验复制HPH大鼠模型,在缺氧不同时间点,测定大鼠平均肺动脉压(mPAP)及右心室肥大指数(RVHI),HE染色观察肺小动脉重塑(HPVR)。原位杂交、RT-PCR、检测肺内ING4、PHD1、PHD2、PHD3及HIF-1α的mRNA表达水平及部位,免疫组化、Western blot检测以上蛋白质表达水平及部位。结果 (1)缺氧7d后大鼠的mPAP开始上升,与对照组比较有显著性差异(P0.05),缺氧14d后出现肺血管重塑和RVHI增加,与对照组比较有显著性差异(P0.05)。HIF-1α蛋白在缺氧3d组表达均开始升高(P0.05,与对照组比),缺氧7d达高峰,14d和21d稍下降。HIF-1αmRNA在缺氧14d后表达略增高(与对照组比较P0.05)。(2)对照组PHD1蛋白质呈阳性表达,缺氧14d下降,缺氧21d保持较低水平。PHD1mRNA表达差异无显著性。对照组PHD2蛋白质和mRNA呈阳性表达,缺氧3d增高,缺氧14d达高峰,缺氧21d保持较高水平。对照组PHD3蛋白质呈弱阳性表达,缺氧3d明显增高,缺氧7d保持高水平,缺氧14d和21d下降。对照组肺小血管PHD3mRNA缺氧3d后迅速增高,缺氧14d达高峰,缺氧21d保持高水平。(3)对照组ING4蛋白质呈弱阳性表达,缺氧3d和7d后表达增高,缺氧14d达高峰,缺氧21d稍有下降。对照组ING4mRNA呈阳性表达,缺氧7d组比表达显著增高,直线相关分析表明,在缺氧组大鼠中ING4蛋白质与HIF-1α蛋白质及mPAP、RVHI、WA%负相关。结论肺动脉高压大鼠模型中ING4、PHDs和HIF-1α的表达变化,可能在HPH的发生和发展中发挥作用。     

脊髓源性神经干细胞分化过程的免疫组织化学研究

目的探讨脊髓源性神经干细胞在分化过程中的生长特点及意义.方法采用细胞培养和免疫组织化学技术,观察了β-catenin和GAP-43在神经干细胞分化过程中,不同时间段的表达.结果分化1d时,β-catenin主要在细胞质和细胞核上有表达.到分化第4d时,β-catenin的表达变弱,到第7d时,β-catenin表达阴性.GAP-43在分化1d时,在细胞浆内有广泛的表达,到4d时反应增强,且在突起中的表达很明显.到第7d时GAP-43反应消失.结论在神经干细胞分化为神经细胞的过程中,β-catenin联合 GAP-43引导早期的突起生长,到分化第7d时这种突起生长停止,神经干细胞分化为成熟的神经细胞.     

BMSCs 选择性迁移对大鼠全脑缺血模型认知功能的影响

目的:探究不同时间点移植后骨髓间充质干细胞(BMSCs)的选择性迁移对大鼠全脑缺血/再灌注模型认知功能的影响以及可能的分子机制。方法:成年雄性SD大鼠80只,随机分为四组,全脑缺血再灌注组(model组,n=20),假手术组(sham组,n=20),造模1 d后较早BMSCs移植组(early组,n=20),造模7 d后较晚移植组(late组,n=20)。结扎双侧颈总动脉并结合低血压建立大鼠全脑缺血/再灌注模型,后于不同时间点尾静脉移植GFP+BMSCs。造模后1、3、7、14 d用酶联免疫法(ELISA)检测模型损伤区域大鼠皮层和海马部位的SDF-1α和MCP-1的表达水平,28 d后进行Morris水迷宫检测认知改变,32 d通过免疫组织化学染色和Western blot观察GFP+BMSCs的分布情况。结果:水迷宫实验表明细胞移植组相比sham组参数有显著提升,且early组相比late组表现更好(P0.05);GFP免疫组化和western结果表明,early组BMSCs移植后分布于海马更多(P0.05),而late组中BMSCs在皮层分布更多(P0.05);ELISA结果表明,造模后1 d模型大鼠海马区域的SDF-1α和MCP-1的表达水平呈现短暂的相对性上调(P0.05),而造模7 d后相关皮层区域的SDF-1α表达缓慢上调(P0.05)。结论:造模后早期(1 d)移植BMSCs比晚期能更好的改善模型大鼠的认知功能;造模后SDF-1α和MCP-1的时空变化可能介导了BMSCs的选择行迁移,后者直接决定了对模型大鼠的认知功能改善的疗效。     

Neurogenesis and neuronal migration in the neonatal rat forebrain anterior subventricular zone do not require GFAP-positive astrocytes

A prolific neuronal progenitor cell population in the anterior portion of the neonatal rat forebrain subventricular zone, the SVZa, is specialized for the production of olfactory bulb interneurons. At all ages, SVZa-derived cells traverse a tangential migratory pathway, the rostral migratory stream (RMS), while en route to the olfactory bulb. Unlike other neuronal progenitor cells of the forebrain, migrating progeny of SVZa progenitors express neuronal-specific proteins and continue to divide into adulthood. Recent studies indicate that in the adult, migrating SVZa-derived cells are ensheathed by astrocytes, although the function of these astrocytes has not been determined. To explore the possible role(s) of astrocytes in the rat SVZa and RMS, we examined the expression of astroglial-specific genes in the postnatal SVZa and RMS using RT-PCR, in situ hybridization, and immunohistochemistry during (Postnatal Days 1-10) and after the period of peak olfactory bulb interneuron generation. We also examined the expression of neuronal-specific genes throughout the rostral-caudal extent of the postnatal subventricular zone to determine if differential cell type-specific gene expression could distinguish the neurogenic SVZa as a region distinct from the remainder of the SVZ. We found little to no astrocyte-specific gene expression in the P0-P7 SVZa, although the neuron-specific isoforms of tubulin (T alpha 1 and beta-III tubulin) were expressed abundantly in the SVZa and RMS. In contrast, astrocyte-specific genes were strongly expressed in the SVZ posterior to the SVZa. GFAP expressions begins to appear in some restricted areas of the rostral migratory stream after the first postnatal week. These data suggest that astroglia are not involved in the generation or migration of most olfactory bulb interneurons. Moreover, the scarcity of glial markers in the neonatal SVZa indicates that the forebrain subventricular zone includes a distinct neurogenic anterior region containing predominantly committed neuronal progenitor cells.     

Expression of Dbn1 during mouse brain development and neural stem cell differentiation

Dbn1 is a newly discovered gene in the drebrin gene family of mice. Previous studies have reported that Dbn1 is specifically expressed in the mouse brain suggesting its potential role in brain development. However, a detailed analysis of Dbn1 expression during mouse brain development has not been demonstrated. Here, we describe the expression pattern of Dbn1 and the coexpression of Dbn1 and actin during the development of the mouse brain from embryonic day 14 (E14) to adulthood and during the differentiation of neural stem cells (NSCs), as determined using immunohistochemistry, double-labeling immunofluorescence, and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. During mouse brain development, Dbn1 expression level was high at E14, attenuated postnatally, reached its highest point at postnatal day 7 (P7), and showed a very low level at adulthood. Imaging data showed that Dbn1 was mainly expressed in the hippocampus, ventricular zone, and cortex, where NSCs are densely distributed, and that the intracellular distribution of Dbn1 was predominantly located in the cytoplasm edges and neurites. Moreover, the signal for colocalization of Dbn1 with actin was intense at E14, P0, and P7, but it was weak at adulthood. During NSC differentiation, Dbn1 mRNA expression increased after the onset of differentiation and reached its highest point at 3 days, followed by a decrease in expression. The imaging data showed that Dbn1 was increasingly expressed in the extending neurites in accordance with the cell morphological changes that occur during differentiation. Furthermore, obvious colocalization signals of Dbn1 with actin were found in the neurites and dendritic spines. Collectively, these results suggest that Dbn1 may play a key role in mouse brain development and may regulate NSC differentiation by filamentous actin.     

Visualization of Rostral Migratory Stream in the Developing Rat Brain by In Vivo Electroporation

Interneurons in the olfactory bulb (OB) are generated from neuronal precursor cells migrating from anterior subventricular zone (SVZa) not only in the developing embryo but also throughout the postnatal life of mammals. In the present study, we established an in vivo electroporation assay to label SVZa cells of rat both at embryonic and postnatal ages, and traced SVZa progenitors and followed their migration pathway and differentiation. We found that labeled cells displayed high motility. Interestingly, the postnatal cells migrated faster than the embryonic cells after applying this assay at different ages of brain development. Furthermore, based on brain slice culture and time-lapse imaging, we analyzed the detail migratory properties of these labeled precursor neurons. Finally, tissue transplantation experiments revealed that cells already migrated in subependymal zone of OB were transplanted back into rostral migratory stream (RMS), and these cells could still migrate out tangentially along RMS to OB. Taken together, these findings provide an in vivo labeling assay to follow and trace migrating cells in the RMS, their maturation and integration into OB neuron network, and unrecognized phenomena that postnatal SVZa progenitor cells with higher motility than embryonic cells, and their migration was affected by extrinsic environments.     

Gas7在大鼠海马和齿状回发育过程中的动态表达

目的研究生长休止蛋白7（Gas7）在大鼠海马和齿状回不同发育阶段的表达。方法采用免疫组织化学方法观察Gas7在SD大鼠胚胎第18d（E18）、新生（P0）、生后第7d（P7）、P14、P21和成年海马和齿状回中的表达和分布。结果在大鼠脑海马和齿状回部位的冠状切片上,Gas7免疫反应阳性产物主要表达在海马的锥体细胞、齿状回的颗粒细胞和门区的多形层细胞。随着发育的进程,在海马,Gas7较早表达在CA3区,其次是CA2和CA1区;在齿状回,Gas7在外臂的表达早于内臂,在颗粒细胞层的表达是按先外层后内层的顺序。在围生期,Gas7在海马和齿状回各区的表达逐渐增强,至P14达到高峰,后逐渐降低,至P21其表达强度和分布趋于恒定至成年水平。结论 Gas7在大鼠海马和齿状回发育过程中的动态表达具有时间和空间上的特异性,提示Gas7可能参与了海马和齿状回形态形成和功能成熟的调控。     

The Expression of EPOR in Renal Cortex during Postnatal Development

Erythropoietin (EPO), known for its role in erythroid differentiation, has been shown to be an important growth factor for brain and heart. EPO is synthesized by fibroblast-like cells in the renal cortex. Prompted by this anatomical relationship and its significant impact on the maturation process of brain and heart, we asked whether EPO could play a role during the development of renal cortex. The relationship between the development of renal cortex and the change of EPO receptor (EPOR), through which EPO could act as a renotropic cytokine, became interesting to us. In this study, the day of birth was recorded as postnatal day 0(P0). P7, P14, P21, P28, P35, P42 and mature mice (postnatal days>56) were used as the animal model of different developmental stages. Immunohistochemistry and Western blotting were used to detect the expression of EPOR in mouse renal cortex. Results showed that expression of EPOR decreased with the development of renal cortex and became stable when kidney became mature. The expression of EPOR was detected at the renal tubule of all developmental stages and a relatively higher expression was observed at P14. However, at the renal corpuscle the expression was only observed at P7 and quickly became undetectable after that. All these suggested that a translocation of EPOR from renal corpuscle to renal tubule may take place during the developmental process of renal cortex. Also, EPO may be an essential element for the maturation of renal cortex, and the requirement for EPO was changed during postnatal development process.     

The Expression of Cdk5, p35, p39, and Cdk5 Kinase Activity in Developing, Adult, and Aged Rat Brains

The expression of cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (Cdk5) and its regulatory subunits, p35 and p39, was investigated in rat brain from embryonic day 12 (E12) to postnatal 18 months (18M). The Cdk5 protein levels increased from E12 to postnatal day 7 (P7) and remained at this level until 18M. The Cdk5 kinase activity and the levels of both p35 mRNA and protein were low at E12, became prominent at E18-P14 but then decreased in the adult and aged rat brains of 3M to 18M. In comparison, the expression pattern of p39 appeared to have an inverse relationship to that of Cdk5 and p35. In regional distribution studies, p35 protein levels and Cdk5 kinase activity were significantly higher in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus, but lower in the cerebellum and striatum. These results suggested that Cdk5, p35 and p39 might have region-specific and developmental stage-specific functions in rat brain.     

The regional distribution of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) in the developing rat CNS: an in vivo immunohistochemical study

Using an immunohistochemical approach we have characterized the in vivo developmental distribution of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein within the rat CNS. Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein expression emerged in a non-uniform manner during the first 3 postnatal weeks. Although it was absent throughout the CNS of the newborn rat at postnatal day 0(P0), it had appeared in the spinal cord and brainstem by P7. The forebrain and cerebellum remained devoid of immunoreactivity until after P14. Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein emerged at different times within the closely associated fasciculi of the dorsal funiculus. It appeared in the fasciculus cuneatus during the first postnatal week and in the fasciculus gracilis and corticospinal tracts during weeks 2 and 3 respectively. Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein expression developed along a caudo-rostral gradient from spinal cord to forebrain and along an antero-posterior gradient within the CNS in general. The relationship between the onset of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein expression and myelinogenesis was also investigated. In most regions, myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein expression lagged behind the initial appearance of myelin basic protein and Luxol Fast Blue-stained myelin by at least 1 week. These observations support the idea that myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein is the latest myelin protein to appear in development, only being expressed during the final stages of oligodendrocyte differentiation. Furthermore, the pattern of staggered expression within the dorsal columns indicates that localized, region-specific interactions may comprise a key element in the control of the terminal phases of oligodendrocyte differentiation.     

Distribution and Developmental Regulation of Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor 7a in Rat Brain

Abstract: To determine the regional and cellular distribution of the metabotropic glutamate receptor mGluR7a, we used rabbit anti-peptide polyclonal-targeted antibodies against the C-terminal domain of mGluR7a. Here we report that immunocytochemistry at the light-microscopic level revealed that mGluR7a is widely distributed throughout the adult rat brain, with a high level of expression in sensory areas, such as piriform cortex, superior colliculus, and dorsal cochlear nucleus. In most brain structures, mGluR7a immunoreactivity is characterized by staining of puncta and fibers. However, in some regions, including the locus ceruleus, cerebellum, and thalamic nuclei, both cell bodies and fibers are immunopositive. The changes in levels of mGluR7a during development were investigated with immunoblotting and immunocytochemical analysis. Immunoblot analysis revealed that the levels of mGluR7a are differentially regulated across brain regions during postnatal development. In cortical regions (hippocampus, neocortex, and olfactory cortex), mGluR7a levels were highest at postnatal day 7 (P7) and P14, then declined in older rats. In contrast, mGluR7a levels were highest at P7 in pons/medulla and cerebellum and decreased markedly between P7 and P14. In these regions, mGluR7a immunoreactivity was at similar low levels at P14 and P21 and in adults. Immunocytochemical analysis revealed that staining for mGluR7a was exceptionally high in fiber tracts in P7 animals relative to adults. Furthermore, the pattern of mGluR7a immunoreactivity in certain brain structures, including cerebellum, piriform cortex, and hippocampus, was significantly different in P7 and adult animals. In summary, these data suggest that mGluR7a is widely distributed throughout the rat brain and that this receptor undergoes a dynamic, regionally specific regulation during postnatal development.     

DEVELOPMENT OF LIPOGENESIS IN RAT BRAIN CORTEX: THE DIFFERENTIAL INCORPORATION OF GLUCOSE AND ACETATE INTO BRAIN LIPIDS IN VITRO

—The oxidation to CO₂ and the incorporation of [U-¹⁴C]glucose and [U-¹⁴C]acetate into lipids by cortex slices from rat brain during the postnatal period were investigated. The oxidation of [U-¹⁴C]glucose was low in 2-day-old rat brain, and increased by about two-fold during the 2nd and 3rd postnatal weeks. The oxidation of [U-¹⁴C]acetate was increased markedly in the second postnatal week, but decreased to rates observed in 2-day-old rat brain at the time of weaning. Both labeled substrates were readily incorporated into non-saponifiable lipids and fatty acids by brain slices from 2-day-old rat. Their rates of incorporation and the days on which maximum rates occurred were different, however, maximum incorporation of [U-¹⁴C]glucose and [U-¹⁴]acetate into lipid fractions being observed on about the 7th and 12th postanatal days, respectively. The metabolic compartmentation in the utilization of these substrates for lipogenesis is suggested. The activities of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, cytosolic NADP-malate dehydrogenase, cytosolic NADP-isocitrate dehydrogenase, ATP-citrate lyase and acetyl CoA carboxylase were measured in rat brain during the postnatal period. All enzymes followed somewhat different courses of development; the activity of acetyl CoA carboxylase was, however, the lowest among other key enzymes in the biosynthetic pathway, and its developmental pattern paralleled closely the fatty acid synthesis from [U-¹⁴C]glucose. It is suggested that acetyl CoA carboxylase is a rate-limiting step in the synthesis de novo of fatty acids in developing rat brain.     

巢蛋白mRNA在小鼠中枢神经系统发育过程中的表达

巢蛋白属于中等纤维基因家族,在增殖较快的神经前体细胞中表达。该基因被克隆后,作为神经前体的标记基因得到广泛应用。本文中,我们根据小鼠巢蛋白ｃＤＮＡ序列,设计了一对引物,在确定了反轩录ＰＣＲ反应的最佳反应条件后,详细地考察了小鼠巢蛋白ｍＲＮＡ在中枢神经系统发育过程中的表达规律。