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1.
<正>上世纪90年代以来,资源、能源、环境等多重危机困扰着全球局势,生物能源被许多发达与发展中国家看作是解决问题的突破口之一。我国作为发展中国家不仅面临加快社会经济发展的重要任务,在保障能源安全、保护自然和生态环境、促进农村农业发展等方面都面临着巨大挑战,通过大力开发生物能源,降低煤炭和石油消费比例,对于优化我国能源产业结构、提升能源安全有重要意义,可以切实促进经济、社会和自然可持续发展。  相似文献   

2.
生物燃料由于其各方面的优点近几年来发展迅速,本文从多个角度综述了生物燃料的发展概况和政策,着重介绍了燃料己醇和生物柴油两种主要生物燃料产品的发展情况,并对生物燃料的发展前景进行了展望。  相似文献   

3.
生物能源作为可再生能源,可以替代部分石化能源,有望缓解能源供给中对石油的依赖程度.本期专刊结合第6届国际生物能源会议,包括综述和研究报告两部分,报道了我国生物能源专家学者在燃料乙醇、生物柴油、微生物油脂、生物燃料标准、航空生物燃料等领域的最新研究进展.  相似文献   

4.
生物能源专刊序言   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1       下载免费PDF全文
生物能源作为可再生能源,有望减少能源供给中对石油的依赖程度。近年来,我国生物能源的发展非常迅速,已经成为继巴西和美国后的第三大燃料乙醇生产国和消费国。为促进生物能源相关技术研究的发展,本期“生物能源”专刊收录了我国生物能源专家学者在燃料乙醇、生物柴油、微生物油脂、生物燃料系统分析等领域的最新研究进展。  相似文献   

5.
生物能源的研究和利用现状   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
戎茜 《生物学通报》2006,41(12):24-25
能源危机和生态危机是当今世界面临的两大难题,开发可再生的、清洁的生物能源具有重要的战略意义。生物能源是指通过植物光合作用,把太阳能变成有机物而储藏的能量,包括各种植物、人畜粪便及有机废物转化成的能源,如薪柴、沼气、生物柴油、燃料  相似文献   

6.
目前,人类社会的发展面临着巨大的挑战,其中饥荒、能源短缺、环境污染等问题尤为突出.其中的任何一个问题都可能破坏我们现在的建设和发展成果,因此解决这三大问题迫在眉睫.而三者又是相互联系的,能源短缺作为其中之一已是迫在眉睫,"能源枯竭"、"能源危机"等话题近来频频出现在人们面前,公众及媒体也高度关注.  相似文献   

7.
柯为 《微生物学通报》2007,34(1):100-100
尽管燃料乙醇的使用有一定局限性,但国外应用的实战证明,多途径发展生物乙醇也显示其生命力。在发展生物乙醇过程中必须扬其优,克其弊,以利燃料乙醇的发展。所谓生物乙醇指的是通过微生物发酵途径,以各种不同的生物质(主要是含糖类)为原料发酵生产乙醇(酒精),尽管有其传统的生产优势,现代生物技术微生物技术的应用则有全新的内含,生产菌种的选育,经过改造或重组建构,或酶活力提高以及各生产工艺改造等等。为扩大乙醇生产,提高其效率和产率是整个乙醇生产的基础和重要环节。  相似文献   

8.
生物燃料最新发展态势分析   总被引:7,自引:1,他引:6  
第一代生物燃料的生产工艺已经较为成熟,美国、欧盟和巴西等一些国家已经形成了较完善的产业链。以纤维素乙醇为代表的第二代生物燃料是更有希望的替代燃料,但目前还未获得关键性的技术突破,其大规模的商业化生产还有待时日。目前生物燃料正处于由第一代向第二代发展过渡的初期。各国纷纷将发展第二代生物燃料定为国策,为此制订了长期的发展规划与目标,并为生物燃料发展提供了良好的政策环境和大力的经费支持。各相关研究机构与企业也积极行动,力图解决生物燃料发展的各个关键问题。在此过程中,一些与生物燃料可持续发展有关的重要问题也引起了人们的关注。  相似文献   

9.
《生物工程学报》2012,(8):1015-1016
我国是当前世界第二大石油消耗和进口国,对石油的需求正以惊人的速度增长。由于石油储量有限,可再生能源,如燃料乙醇和生物柴油等生物能源的应用,有望减少能源需求对石油的依赖程度。生物能源可从可再生的原材料生产,因此可作为理想的石油资源的补充。为总结交流世界各地生物燃料开发利用的成果,更好地服务于企业、高校及研究单位,并为政府决策提供建议。由清华大学主办的第6届国际生物能源会议(World Bioenergy Symposium,简称WBS)将于2012年9月13~14日在  相似文献   

10.
居高不下的石油价格引发人们积极寻找石油替代资源.全球气候变暖促使大家减少化石燃料的使用以减排温室气体。利用生物质燃料、化学品和合成材料可以同时达到替代石油资源和减少CO2排放两个目的.因而正在受到全世界的普遍关注。在我国许多地方、不少企业也都以极高的热情发展生物能源产业.其目的不仅在于替代石油资源和减排CO2,还希望开发新的经济增长点。  相似文献   

11.
Concerns over energy shortages and global climate change have stimulated developments toward renewable energy. Biofuels have been developed to replace fossil fuels to reduce the emissions of greenhouse gases and other environmental impacts. However, food security and water scarcity are other growing concerns, and the increased production of biofuels may increase these problems. This study focuses on whether biofuel development would stress China's water resources. Cassava‐based fuel ethanol and sweet sorghum‐based fuel ethanol are the focus of this study because they are the most typical nongrain biofuels in China. The spatial distribution of the total water requirement of fuel ethanol over its life cycle process was simulated using a biophysical biogeochemical model and marginal land as one of the types of input data for the model to avoid impacts on food security. The total water requirement of fuel ethanol was then compared with the spatial distribution of water resources, and the influence of the development of fuel ethanol on water resources at the pixel and river basin region scales was analyzed. The result showed that the total water requirement of fuel ethanol ranges from 37.81 to 862.29 mm. However, considering water resource restrictions, not all of the marginal land is suitable for the development of fuel ethanol. Approximately 0.664 million km2 of marginal land is suitable for the development of fuel ethanol, most of which is located in the south of China, where water resources are plentiful. For these areas, the value of fuel ethanol's water footprint ranges from 0.05 to 11.90 m3 MJ?1. From the water point of view, Liaoning province, Guizhou province, Anhui province and Hunan province can be given priority for the development of fuel ethanol.  相似文献   

12.
生物可再生能源是最有前景的石油替代品之一.生物能源的生产原料包括:植物、有机废弃物和微生物.微生物在生物能源生产上有着广泛的应用,利用微生物制备的主要生物能源包括:生物柴油、生物乙醇、生物甲烷等.某些微生物如微藻和真菌可以生产大量油脂,这些油脂可以转化为生物柴油;有些微生物如酵母可以将糖类、淀粉以及纤维素转化为燃料乙醇,添加乙醇的汽油或柴油燃烧排放明显降低;还有些厌氧微生物可以将有机废弃物转化为甲烷,可用做家用燃气、车用燃气或发电.除此之外微生物还具有在生产能源的同时治理环境污染的优势.总之研究开发微生物在生物能源生产中的应用有利于世界可持续发展.  相似文献   

13.
First‐generation biofuels are an existing, scalable form of renewable energy of the type urgently required to mitigate climate change. In this study, we assessed the potential benefits, costs, and trade‐offs associated with biofuels agriculture to inform bioenergy policy. We assessed different climate change and carbon subsidy scenarios in an 11.9 million ha (5.48 million ha arable) region in southern Australia. We modeled the spatial distribution of agricultural production, full life‐cycle net greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and net energy, and economic profitability for both food agriculture (wheat, legumes, sheep rotation) and biofuels agriculture (wheat, canola rotation for ethanol/biodiesel production). The costs, benefits, and trade‐offs associated with biofuels agriculture varied geographically, with climate change, and with the level of carbon subsidy. Below we describe the results in general and provide (in parentheses) illustrative results under historical mean climate and a carbon subsidy of A$20 t?1 CO2?e. Biofuels agriculture was more profitable over an extensive area (2.85 million ha) of the most productive arable land and produced large quantities of biofuels (1.7 GL yr?1). Biofuels agriculture substantially increased economic profit (145.8 million $A yr?1 or 30%), but had only a modest net GHG abatement (?2.57 million t CO2?e yr?1), and a negligible effect on net energy production (?0.11 PJ yr?1). However, food production was considerably reduced in terms of grain (?3.04 million t yr?1) and sheep meat (?1.89 million head yr?1). Wool fiber production was also substantially reduced (?23.19 kt yr?1). While biofuels agriculture can produce short‐term benefits, it also has costs, and the vulnerability of biofuels to climatic warming and drying renders it a myopic strategy. Nonetheless, in some areas the profitability of biofuels agriculture is robust to variation in climate and level of carbon subsidy and these areas may form part of a long‐term diversified mix of land‐use solutions to climate change if trade‐offs can be managed.  相似文献   

14.
    
This study explores the sustainable production of biodiesel from nonedible Phyllanthus maderaspatensis seed oil (highest oil content of 35%, FFA 0.87 mg/KOH), utilizing an innovative green synthesis approach for chromium oxide nanoparticles derived from the waste fruit parts of Aubergine for the very first time in the current work. In pursuit of alternatives to fossil fuels, our research underscores the environmental and socio-economic benefits of biofuels, particularly in reducing greenhouse gas emissions. The optimized process yielded a 92% biodiesel conversion under conditions of a 9:1 methanol-to-oil ratio, 0.135 wt.% catalyst concentration, and a reaction duration of 150 min at 80°C. Comprehensive analysis techniques, including XRD, FTIR, SEM, EDX, Zeta analysis, differential reflectance spectroscopy (DRS), GC–MS, and NMR (1H, 13C), were employed to characterize the synthesized nanocatalyst and biodiesel product. The biodiesel's fuel properties, such as acid value, fire point, pour point, viscosity, kinematic density, sulfur content, and cloud point, were rigorously tested, demonstrating compliance with international standards (ASTM D-6571, EN 14214, and GB/T 20828-2007). The use of P. maderaspatensis seed oil, an economical and environmentally friendly feedstock, in conjunction with a cost-effective nanocatalyst, presents a viable pathway for the sustainable and scalable production of biodiesel. This study contributes to the advancement of bioproducts for a sustainable bioeconomy by demonstrating an integrated approach to bioenergy production that leverages biotechnological innovations and addresses both environmental and socio-economic dimensions.  相似文献   

15.
能源生物技术   总被引:15,自引:0,他引:15  
对生物技术在能源领域的应用包括燃料酒精、生物柴油、生物制氢及微生物采油技术等的国内外现状进行了综述,对其研究的意义和前景进行了分析。  相似文献   

16.
脂肪酶催化制备生物柴油的研究进展   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
生物柴油作为一种可再生的清洁能源,以其良好的环境效应受到越来越多的关注。酶法生产生物柴油具有化学催化法不可比拟的优越性,是工业化生产的发展方向。本文综述了利用固定化脂肪酶、游离酶、全细胞生物催化剂制备生物柴油的研究与应用进展,并探讨了我国生物柴油产业化发展的困境和对策。  相似文献   

17.
能源植物研究现状和展望   总被引:51,自引:0,他引:51  
综述了常见生物能源如燃料酒精和生物柴油所涉及高等能源植物的种类、特征和应用开发现状,并展望了将来的发展趋势。  相似文献   

18.
纤维乙醇研究现状及展望   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
介绍了近年来国内外纤维乙醇的研究现状,阐述了目前纤维乙醇生产存在的问题,分析了纤维乙醇产业化亟待解决的关键技术,展望了纤维乙醇的发展。  相似文献   

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