壮丽含笑中的倍半萜成分及其化学分类学意义

壮丽含笑 (ＭｉｃｈｅｌｉａｌａｃｅｉＷ Ｗ Ｓｍｉｔｈ)为木兰科含笑属植物 ,常绿乔木 ,分布于我国云南西南部 ,生于海拔 15 0 0ｍ的林中。枝粗壮 ,花梗具佛焰苞状苞片约 5枚 ,心皮狭卵圆形具 3～ 4ｍｍ的花柱等特征 ,形态分类学上认为该种是含笑属中较原始而特殊的种类 (刘玉壶等 ,1996)。通过初步药理筛选实验 ,表明其嫩枝的脂溶性提取物在浓度为 1 5 μｇ/ｍＬ时对两种人肿瘤细胞株ＨＣＴ - 8及ＳＩＨａ的抑制率分别为5 7 0 %及 2 1 3% ,对ＧＬＣ - 82细胞株的抑制率尤其明显 ,为 84 6% ;对ＣｏｎＡ刺激的小鼠脾淋巴细胞增殖反应在浓…     

Chemotaxonomic differentiation of coryneform bacteria isolated from biofilters.

Coryneform bacteria that were isolated from biofilters which are used for waste gas treatment of animal-rendering plant emissions were differentiated and partially identified by using chemotaxonomic methods. On the basis of the results of a numerical analysis of whole-cell fatty acid profiles, 79 isolates were divided into two major groups; the members of the first group contained saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids, whereas the members of the second group were characterized by iso- and anteiso-branched fatty acids. Division into subclusters was based mainly on quantitative differences in fatty acid composition and was confirmed by the results obtained for additional chemical markers (e.g., respiratory quinones, mycolic acids, polar lipids, cell wall amino acids, and whole-cell sugar patterns). By combining the results obtained for chemotaxonomic analyses that were performed for strains containing saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids, we were able to identify the genus Corynebacterium (two Corynebacterium species were differentiated on the basis of the occurrence of tuberculostearic acid), the genus Gordona, and the genus Mycobacterium. Among the strains that produced iso-anteiso fatty acid patterns, one subgroup was affiliated with the "nicotianae" group of the genus Arthrobacter; however, some strains contained a new combination of chemical markers. Peptidoglycan type A4 alpha, L-Lys-Gly-L-Glu was combined with menaquinones MK-7 and MK-8, whereas peptidoglycan type A4 alpha, L-Lys-L-Glu occurred together with MK-8 and MK-9. The second subgroup was characterized by a new type B peptidoglycan and MK-11, as well as small amounts of MK-12. Differentiation that was based first on chemotaxonomy and second on physiology gave reliable results. Thus, coryneform strains with new characteristics were isolated from biofilters.     

Silica-scaled Chrysophytes from Portugal

Phytoplankton samples from lakes, reservoirs and ponds in Central Portugal were obtained and the scale-bearing chrysophytes investigated by electron microscopy. This is the first study on the occurrence and distribution of these organisms in Portugal and in the Iberian Peninsula as a whole. It reports the presence of 23 species of the genera Chrysosphaerella, Paraphysomonas, Spiniferomonas, Mallomonas and Synura . Most of the species found are of worldwide distribution but a few rare organisms were present in some samples. To conclude, the perspectives of future research in Portugal are briefly outlined.     

Chemotaxonomic study of the genusTabernaemontana (Apocynaceae) based on their indole alkaloid content

According to their alkaloidal products species of the new genusTabernaemontana can be partly differentiated. This differentiation is in agreement with the old genera classification. From the chemotaxonomic point of view a subdivision of subfam.Plumerioideae of theApocynaceae is proposed.     

木通科植物的化学分类

木能科为双子叶植物纲中较原始的一个小科,多为寡种属和单种属,主要分布于东亚地区。我国共有7属29种,其中很多种为传统的药用植物。本文简要综述木通科植物近几十年的化学研究状况,并从化学分类学 的角度探讨木通科属间和与其近缘科之间的系统关系。结果表明齐墩果烷型三匝皂甙作为木通科的特征化不成发在该科的系统分类中具有一定的意义。齐墩果烷型三萜皂甙不仅提示木通科与毛莨科的毛莨亚科的系统联系,而且甙元骨架的氧化水平与科内各属的系统进货也有一定的相关性。     

Chemotaxonomic aspects of some Acacia gum exudates from series Juliflorae*

Data for the chemical composition of the gum exudates from Acacia acradenia, A. aneura, A. acuminata, A. beauverdiana, A. coolgardiensis, A. kempeana, A. microneura, A. resinomarginea, A. stereophylla and A. torulosa are presented. Comparisons with the data reported previously for other species of the series Juliflorae, viz. A. auriculiformis, A. holosericea, A. leptostachya, A. mangium and A. pubifolia confirm that the gums from this series have interesting combinations of chemical properties that are unusual in Acacia. The data do not offer much chemotaxonomic support for the groupings of the Juliflorae suggested by Bentham (1864). On the basis of their gross morphological features, the species under consideration are re-grouped in a way that is also better supported chemically.     

Hepatozoonosis in foxes from Portugal

Hepatozoon, sp. is described for the first time in foxes (Vulpes vulpes silacea) in Portugal. Of 301 foxes examined, 143 (48%) were infected. The gametocyte was the predominant stage of the life cycle and was found in every organ except the bone marrow, where schizonts were the most abundant stage. The morphological similarity of this parasite's gametocytes to Hepatozoon canis is emphasized.     

Chemotaxonomic investigations on the cuticular lipids of beetles

The cuticular lipids of nine species of beetles (Coleoptera) belonging to different superfamilies were analysed and found to consist of aliphatic hydrocarbons: n-alkanes, 2-, 3-, and other monomethylalkanes as well as dimethylalkanes and alkenes. The hydrocarbon pattern is qualitatively constant at the family level but varies from family to family and thus may be of use in the taxonomy of the insects.     

Chemotaxonomic study of seed glucosinolate composition in Coincya Rouy (Brassicaceae)

A total of 68 populations belonging to the genus Coincya Rouy (Brassicaceae) from the Iberian Peninsula was examined for seed glucosinolate composition. The presence of progoitrin, epiprogoitrin, glucosinalbin and gluconapin was recorded plus a fifth glucosinolate that could not be identified. A geographical clinal variation between progoitrin and epiprogoitrin was observed in the more widespread taxa, C. monensis subsp. orophila (Franco) Aedo, Leadiay & Murioz Garm. and C. moncnsis subsp. cheiranthos var. recurvata (All.) Leadiay. The fewest types of glucosinatc were observed in taxa with morphological characters considered more primitive, viz. subsp. hispida and var. recurvata. On the other hand, more complex and diverse composition was observed in the taxon with more advanced characters, viz. C. rupestris subsp. rupestris Porta & Rigo.     

百里香研究进展

百里香属植物在我国分布广泛,具有优良的生态适应性和潜在的园林观赏价值,近年来开始被开发利用。主要将近年来有关百里香繁殖栽培技术方面的研究作一综述,同时在百里香育种方面提出期望,为进一步开发应用提供参考。     

Chemotaxonomic study of Codonopsis (family Campanulaceae) and its related genera

Nine sterols and triterpenes isolated from Codonopsis pilosula and Adenophora stricta were used as reference compounds fir thin layer chromatographic identification of hydrophobic constituents in the roots of 28 species belonging to four genera of the family Campanulaceae: Codonopsis, Adenophora, Campanumoea and Platycodon. Two of the subgenera of Codonopsis (subgen. Codonopsis and subgen. Obconicicapsula) and two sections of Subgenus Codonopsis (sect. Codonopsis and sect. Erectae) were included in the study. The results indicated that the four genera could be distinguished from one another. β-Sitosterol and taraxerol were present in all the four genera studied. -Spinasterol was the characteristic compound in Codonopsis while β-sitosteryl palmitate was diagnostic to Adenophora.     

Chemotaxonomic Investigations of Peel and Petitgrain Essential Oils from 17 Citron Cultivars

Chemical compositions of essential oils from 17 citron cultivars were studied using GC and GC/MS. To the best of our knowledge, chemical compositions of peel and petitgrain oils from seven of them were reported for the first time. Combined analysis of peel and petitgrain essential oils led to the identification of 37 components (amounting to 98.2–99.9% of the total oil) and 42 components (97.0–99.9%), respectively. Statistical analysis was applied to identify possible relationships between citron cultivars. The levels of seven components, i.e., limonene, β‐pinene, γ‐terpinene, neral, geranial, nerol, and geraniol, indicated that the cultivars could be classified in four main chemotypes for peel and petitgrain oils. Chemotaxonomic investigations were carried out to establish relations between the morphological characteristics of citron cultivars and their corresponding oil compositions.     

Chemotaxonomic interest of iridoids isolated from a Malagasy species: Perichlaena richardii

Three known iridoid glycosides, verminoside (1), 6-O-trans-caffeoyl-ajugol (2), and 10-O-trans-caffeoyl-catalpol (3), together with 1-β-O-caffeoyl-d-glucose (4), caffeic acid (5), and a flavonol glycoside, rutin (6), were isolated from the leaves of Perichlaena richardii Baill. (Bignoniaceae), an endemic species to Madagascar. This is the first report of these compounds from this species. The structures of the isolated compounds were established using different spectroscopic methods including extensive 1D and 2D-NMR and mass spectrometry. The activity of verminoside, rutin and caffeic acid on enzymes involved in inflammation, cyclooxygenases and lipoxygenases, was determined on human peripheral venous blood samples. Moreover, the distribution of iridoids among the clades of Bignoniaceae, according to Von Poser et al. in 2000, was revisited on the basis of the new classification of Bignoniaceae described in 2009 by Olmstead et al. The chemotaxonomy of iridoids isolated from P. richardii, in addition to the Bignoniaceae family as a whole, is also discussed.     

5,6,4′-trihydroxy-7,8-dimethoxyflavone from Thymus membranaceus

From the extracts of Thymus membranaceus subsp. membranaceus, the new naturally occurring 5,6,4′-trihydroxy-7,8-dimethoxyflavone (thymusin), has been isolated and identified. Its structure was elucidated by comparison with its isomeric flavone obtained on acid treatment (isothymusin); thymusin is demethylated at the 8-position during this treatment.     

Chemotaxonomic studies on davaineid tapeworms, based on amino acid analysis

Twelve amino acids were detected in six davaineid cestodes, Davainea hewetensis Dhawan & Capoor (1972) collected from one Gallus gallus domesticus L. at Allahabad, India. Chemotaxonomic studies within the family Davaineidae have shown the presence of cystine and hydroxyproline only in D. hewetensis, although phenylalanine and proline occur in all species examined previously.