Red cell and serum protein polymorphisms in Sardinia

Four Sardinian population samples, from the provinces of Cagliari, Oristano, Nuoro and Sassari, were studied with regard to the erythrocyte enzyme systems ACP, ESD, PGM1, ADA, AK, 6PGD and Dia, and to the serum protein systems GC and C3. The findings showed a rather high degree of genetic heterogeneity of the Sardinians compared to the other populations from the Mediterranean area (Continental Italy, Sicily, Spain, North Africa).     

Red cell enzyme polymorphisms in Bulgaria

Summary 7 human red cell enzyme polymophisms have been typed on a sample of n=138 unrelated adults from Bulgaria, which revealed the following gene frequencies: ADA¹=0.8623. ADA²=0.1376; AK¹=0.9637, AK²=0.0362; 6-PGD^A=0.9891, 6-PGD^C=0.0108; PGM ₁ ¹ =0.8346, PGM ₁ ² =0.1653; P^A=0.1596, P^B=0.7983, P^C=0.0420. In the LDH-system one B-subunit variant was found, whilst no Peptidase A or B variant could be observed. The anthropological significance of these findings is discussed.

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Zusammenfassung An einer Stichprobe von n=138 nichtverwandten erwachsenen Bulgaren wurden 7 erythrocytäre Enzympolymorphismen untersucht. Dabei ergaben sich die folgenden Frequenzen: ADA¹=0,8623, ADA²=0,1376; AK¹=0,9637, AK²=0,0362; 6-PGD^A=0,9891, 6-PGD^C=0,0108; PGM ₁ ¹ =0,8346, PGM ₁ ² =0,1653; P^A=0,1596, P^B=0,7983, P^C=0,0420. Im LDH-System wurde eine B subunit-Variante gefunden, während keine Peptidase A- oder B-Variante beobachtet werden konnte. Die anthropologische Bedeutung dieser Befunde wird diskutiert.

     

AK and ADA polymorphisms in South Sardinia

A sample of the South Sardinia population was studied with respect to adenylate kinase (AK) and adenosine deaminase (ADA) enzymes. The gene frequencies were: AK1 0.975 and ADA1 = 0.933. The results were compared with those of other Italian populations.     

A survey of genetic polymorphisms in Sardinia

A sample of unrelated individuals coming from Sardinia has been typed for AB0, Rhesus, Kell, 6-PGD, G-6-PD, PGM₁, AK polymorphisms. The gene frequencies are compared with the published data from other Italian population samples. With regard to these polymorphisms a considerable heterogeneity appears among the Sardinians and the Italian of mainland populations. This work was partially supported by M.P.I. (40%, 1983) and Assessorato P.I. Regione Autonoma Sardegna and was presented at the 4^th Congress of the European Anthropology Association (Florence, Sept. 1984).     

Red cell enzyme polymorphisms in the Yoruba.

In this study are presented the results of an investigation of variation in 17 red cell enzyme systems in the Yoruba, a Negro population of western Nigeria. Nine of the systems were found not to be polymorphic. The other eight systems revealed a close resemblance to the Negroes of Southern Africa, and a marked contrast with the San ('Bushmen'). The Yoruba have a history of many centuries of urbanization, while the Southern African Negroes have only recently begun to inhabit large towns. It would appear not only that the polymorphisms investigated are irrelevant to adaptation to urban conditions, but also that no selective forces, and very little drift, has operated on them since the remote ancestral separation of the populations. These results also suggest that the Khoisan contribution to the Southern African Negro gene pool might not be as uniform or as considerable as might be supposed.     

AcP and EsD polymorphisms in Central Sardinia

A sample of the population from Central Sardinia was studied with respect to acid phosphatase (AcP) and esterase D (EsD) enzymes. The gene frequencies were: AcPA = 0.322, AcPB = 0.617, AcPC = 0.061 and EsD1 = 0.892. The results were compared with those of other Italian populations.     

AcP and EsD polymorphisms in South Sardinia

A sample of the South Sardinia population was studied with respect to acid phosphatase (AcP) and esterase D (EsD) enzymes. The gene frequencies were: AcPA = 0.326, AcPB = 0.607, AcPC = 0.067 and EsD1 = 0.883. The results were compared with those of other Italian populations.     

Red cell enzyme polymorphisms in Punjabis in North India

Seven red cell isoenzyme systems were investigated on a sample of 140 Punjabis from Hoshiarpur and Chandigarh, shown to be representative by comparison of their blood group frequencies with other samples from the area. Phenotype and gene frequencies are given for adenosine deaminase, adenylate kinase, acid phosphatase, 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, phosphoglucomutase locus 1 and 2, lactate dehydrogenase and phosphohexose isomerase. The high frequencies of the ADA² and AK² genes in Indian samples and the presence of the rare variant 3-1 of phosphohexose isomerase are confirmed.     

Red cell polymorphisms in nonhuman primates: A review

Abstract: Development as well as current status of the knowledge of nonhuman primate blood groups are discussed together with some practical implications of the red cell antigen polymorphisms in anthropoid apes, Old and New World monkeys and prosimians. Recent data on molecular biology and genetics throw light on the relationships among simian and human red cell antigens and their evolutionary pathways.     

Red cell enzyme polymorphisms in the greek populations.

The frequency of variant forms of 6 red cell enzymes, adenylate kinase, adenosine deaminase, phosphoglucomutase, acid phosphatase, 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase and glutathione reductase, were determined in 9 Greek populations. The frequencies of the variants in these populations were similar to those previously reported in most other European populations. However, several differences, particularly in the 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, phosphoglucomutase and acid phosphatase alleles, were found in a comparison of Greeks and Bulgarians, in accordance with their separate ethnic origins. The Macedonians resembled the other Greeks and differed from the Bulgarians.     

Gc and C3 polymorphisms in Central Sardinia

The distribution of phenotypes and gene frequencies of the group-specific component (Gc) and C3 complement were studied in Central Sardinian sample. The gene frequencies were:Gc1 = 0.733; C3F = 0.237.     

Gc and C3 polymorphisms in South Sardinia

The distribution of phenotypes and gene frequencies of the group-specific component (Gc) and C3 complement were studied in South Sardinia. The gene frequencies were: Gc1 = 0.7346; C3F = 0.1963.     

Red cell enzyme and serum protein polymorphisms in South Korea

Two population groups in South Korea, one from Kwangju and one from Kangreung, were studied in regard to the erythrocyte enzyme polymorphisms GPT, ACP, GLO, ESD, 6PGD, ADA, AK, PGP and subtypes of PGM1 as well as regarding the serum protein variants of C3, HP, BF, PLG, AMY and the subtypes of GC, TF and PI. The results were compared with data of the population groups from the area of Cheju Island, Taejon and Seoul. The Korean population showed a rather high degree of genetic homogeneity.     

6PGD and PGM1 polymorphisms in south Sardinia

A sample of unrelated individuals, born and living in South Sardinia, was studied with respect to the enzymes 6PGD and PGM1. The gene frequencies were: PGDA 0.989 and PGM1 0.790. The results were compared with those of other Italian populations.     

Red cell enzyme polymorphisms in Friuli Venezia Giulia (northeast Italy)

Seven erythrocyte enzyme polymorphisms (ACP1, ADA, ESD, GLO1, PGD, PGM1 and PGM2) were investigated in a sample of 673 unrelated adult individuals from Friuli Venezia Giulia (or Friuli) and Istria. The gene frequencies found in the four provincial samples of Friuli and Istria fall within the range previously reported for Italy, showing a genetic homogeneity among the considered samples. However, comparisons with data from ex-Yugoslavian samples--using the chi 2 test--showed rather marked differences, probably due to a real different genetic structure of the compared samples. A significant association was found assuming a linear relation between the ADA*2 allele frequencies and longitude (r = +0.5503) and between the PGD*C frequencies and latitude (r = -0.6483), suggesting the existence of a clinal trend for these allele frequencies in Italy. These results seem to disagree with foregoing conclusions stated by other authors, probably because these studies were carried out in an area either rather narrow from the geographical point of view or affected by small size migration movements.     

AK, PGM1 and 6PGD polymorphisms in Central Sardinia

Adenylate kinase (AK), phosphoglucomutase (PGM1) and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6PGD) polymorphisms were investigated in a sample of individuals from Central Sardinia. The gene frequencies were: AK1 = 0.973, PGM1(1) = 0.842 and PGDA = 0.969. The frequencies were compared with those of other Italian populations.