Ultrastructural Alteration of Host Plants Infected with Tomato Mosaic Virus

The ultrastructural aheration of two host plants infected with tomato mosaic virus (ToMV) were studies with transmission electron microscopy. A large number of virus particles were found being accumulated in different cells such as epidermis, parenchyma cells and vascular bundle cells of Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. grown at 25℃ Crystalline inclusions and paracrystal inclusions composed of ToMV particles were observed in the cytoplasm or vacuoles. Some muhivesicular bodies and myeloid bodies protming into the vacuole and vires-specific vesicles associated with the tonoplast were also observed. The ultrastructuml alteration of Nicotiana tabacum L. tv. Xanthinn was similar to that in tomato infected by ToMV grown at 25 cE. In addition to the aggregate inclusions described above, some cytoplasmic angularly-layered aggregates and abnormal chloroplasts with small peripheral vesicles were observed in the parenchyma cells. The densely stained amorphous material was seen in the cytoplasm of N. tabacum L. cv. Xanthiun grown at 35℃. No X- body was observed in the cytoplasm of the ToMV infected tomato and tobacco grown at 25℃ or 35℃. The authors' results suggest a significant difference between the cytopathological effects of ToMV and tobacco mosaic virus (TMV). These characteristic difference may be useful in the virus diagnosis and identification virus infections in plants.     

受番茄花叶病毒侵染后寄主的超微病变研究

电镜观察了番茄花叶病毒（ＴｏＭＶ）侵染不同寄主的细胞超微结构变化。在２５℃下ＴｏＭＶ侵染番茄（ＬｙｃｏｐｅｒｓｉｃｏｎｅｓｃｕｌｅｎｔｕｍＭｉｌｌ）后,病毒粒子在叶片的表皮,薄壁细胞,维管束组织的细胞质中形成大块结晶体和类结晶体,液泡膜处产生小泡结构,有多泡体和髓鞘样结构构伸入液泡中,在２５℃下ＴｏＭＶ侵染珊西烟（ｉｃｏｔｉａｎａｔａｌａｃｕｍＬ．ｃｖ．Ｘａｎｔｈｉｎｎ）后,除存在病毒结晶体和类结     

不同CMV分离物侵染寄主的超微结构变化

应用电镜观察了黄瓜花叶病毒CMV不同分离物侵染寄主的细胞 超微结构变化。来自一串红(Salvia splendens)的不含卫星RNA分离物M-22侵染心叶烟,病毒粒子散布于细胞质,在液泡中形成大片病毒粒子结晶,液泡膜边缘产生小泡结构,完整的病毒粒子穿过胞间连丝在细胞间运转,胞间连丝中央部分有扩张现象。自然感染三生烟的含坏死卫星RNA分离物8-S1侵染普通烟,病毒粒子分散于细胞质,在液泡中未观察到结晶体,叶绿体产生囊泡结构,部分病毒粒子处在叶绿体空泡中。田间寄主上受8-S1侵染的三生烟细胞质中分布着大量球形病毒粒子,叶绿体也产生含有病毒粒子的囊泡结构。表明含有卫星RNA和不含卫星RNA的CMV分离物引起的细胞病变特征存在差别,可能是CMV卫星RNA参与病理变化的依据之一。     

不同CMV分离物侵染寄主的超微结构变化

应用电镜观察了黄瓜花叶病毒ＣＭＶ不同分离物侵染寄主的细胞超微结构变化。来自一患红（Ｓａｌｖｉａｓｐｌｅｎｄｅｎｓ）的不含卫星ＲＮＡ分离物Ｍ－２２侵染心叶烟,病毒粒子散布于细胞质,在液泡中形成大片病毒粒子结果,液泡膜边缘产生小泡结构,完整的病毒粒子穿过胞间连丝在细胞间运转,胞间连丝中央部分有扩张现象。     

Differentiation of Potyviruses through Peptide Mapping of Cytoplasmic Inclusion Proteins

Cytoplasmic inclusion proteins (CIP) from 15 isolates representing 12 different potyviruses were purified and compared by peptide mapping in sodium dodecylsulphate polyacrylamide gels. Enzymatic cleavage by endoproteinase Glu-C from Staphylococcus aureus V8 was performed in the gel during electrophoresis. Distinct patterns were obtained for all different potyviruses, while different isolates of the same virus produced identical patterns. When performed under standardized conditions this method produced very reproducible peptide maps. Chemical cleavage at tryptophan residues by N-chlorosuccinimide produced very similar peptide patterns for CIP from all potyviruses studied with the exception of leek yellow stripe virus. The results suggest that peptide mapping of CIP using endoproteinase Glu-C can be used in the identification and differentiation of potyviruses.     

感染大麦黄花叶病毒(BaYMV)的大麦细胞质内含体及细胞器病变的研究

超薄切片电镜观察表明,在感染大麦黄花叶病毒(BaYMV)的大麦(品种“早熟3号”)叶肉细胞中,液泡周围偶而可看到病毒颗粒束,在发病后期黄化或坏死的叶肉细胞中,可见到散布的病毒颗粒。在所有表现症状的病叶叶肉细胞,表皮细胞和木质部薄壁细胞中均可观察到风轮体、束状体、板状集结体以及膜状体等细胞质内含体,未见 卷简体和细胞核内含体。感病初期细胞中,细胞质丰富,核糖体数量增加,内质网肥大,随着病毒症状发喂,叶绿体、线粒体等细胞器逐渐肿大,外膜破裂直至解体。     

植物细胞质雄性不育

近年来国内外对植物细胞质雄性不育（cytoplasmic male sterility,CMS）在细胞学、生理生化及分子遗传学等方面的研究又取得了新的进展。特别是对育性恢复基因的定位、克隆的研究已取得一定突破,发现编码含保守PPR（pentatricopeptide repeat）模体蛋白的基因在多种植物中与育性恢复密切相关。     

An Electron Microscope Study of Different Plants Infected with Grapevine Fanleaf Virus

Abstract

The alterations caused by GFV in the leaves and roots of Vitis vinifera, and in the leaves of Nicotiana clevelandii and Chenopodium amaranticolor were studied in the electron microscope. In Nicotiana and Vitis, the main alterations were found in the chloroplasts, while in Chenopodium they were found in the cytoplasm. In all cases, the tonoplast appeared more electron opaque than normal and showed irregular densities over its surface. The presence of virus-like particles was demonstrated only in two cases.     

斜带髭鲷外周血嗜中性粒细胞核内包涵体的超微结构

目的在对斜带髭鲷（Hapalogenys nitens）外周血细胞结构进行透射电镜观察时发现嗜中性粒细胞存在大量的核内包涵体,系统研究了这些核内包涵体的超微结构,以探讨其来源和形成过程。方法应用电镜技术对这些核内包涵体的超微结构进行研究。结果斜带髭鲷外周血嗜中性粒细胞的核内包涵体可分为假包涵体和真包涵体两种类型,包涵体中的内含物来自胞质。胞核首先是以核膜内陷的方式将胞质及其各种有形成分包绕进核内而在核质外层形成具有双层膜包裹的典型假包涵体,随后假包涵体双层膜降解消失而转化成无被膜包裹的真包涵体,即核内糖原包涵体。结论假包涵体是形成真包涵体的开始阶段。随着假包涵体向真包涵体的转变,包涵体内含物的组成及其超微结构也出现了显著变化。     

Changes in the Cytoplasmic Elements of Cultured Cells Infected with Eimeria vermiformis Sporozoites

Epithelial-type (PK-15) and fibroblast-type (MDBK) mammalian cell cultures were inoculated with purified Eimeria vermiformis sporozoites. Matched samples from 0 to 93 h after inoculation (HAI) were processed for electron microscopy; half of the sample preparations were extracted with non-ionic detergent prior to fixation. Specimens were examined by both transmission and scanning electron microscopy. Numerous sporozoites were attached to the cultured cells from 2 to 93 HAI, usually near the cell periphery. Some host cell microvilli extended up and appeared attached to the sporozoites. Sporozoites fixed during the penetration process were markedly constricted at the site of entry; however, no noticeable changes occurred in the host cell membrane or surface microvilli during sporozoite invasion or in sporozoite-infected cells. In cells extracted with 1% Triton X-100, the host cytoskeleton was progressively reorganized about the parasites but changes were limited to the immediate area of the sporozoite. Around resident sporozoites, the cytoskeleton became less dense but also more ordered, which contrasted with adjacent cell areas. Cytoskeletal elements passed both over and under the parasites. The appearance of the cytoskeleton suggested that the host cell formed a loose, basket-like net of cytoskeletal elements about the parasite.     

感染鸭乙型肝炎病毒的麻鸭肝细胞电镜观察

应用电镜技术,对１５只ＤＨＢＶ感染阳性麻鸭肝组织进行了观察。结果显示;８０％（１２／１５）的鸭肝组织内糖原异常丰富,全部鸭标本均检出了ＤＨＢＶ颗粒,血清病毒滴度高者肝细胞内病毒含量及受感染的肝细胞明显增多。在异常改变的肝细胞内ＲＥＲ和线粒体等细胞器减少。     

植物类受体胞质激酶的结构和功能

本文介绍植物类受体胞质激酶的结构及其在植物的抗病、抗逆、生长发育、自交不亲和、油菜素内酯信号转导等方面的功能。     

感染大丽菊花叶病毒的大丽菊细胞超微结构观察

本文描述了大丽菊花叶病毒(DaMV)感染大丽菊叶片细胞的超微结构变化。受侵细胞内形成切面直径约1.6—3.1μm的球状或卵球状缅胞贡内含体。病株细胞内过氧物酶体的数量显著增加。内含体周围较细胞其它部位有较多的核糖体。高尔基体及微泡。叶绿体,线粒体正常。     

Intranuclear and Cytoplasmic Inclusions in Embryogenic and Embryoidal Cells of Panax quinque folius

The presence of intranuclear and cytoplasmic inclusions in cells of embryogenic callus and developing embryoids from tissue cultures of Panax quinquefolius L. was described. These cellular structures were not found in non-embryogenic cells. The size of intranuclear and cytoplasmic inclusions seemed to be related to the developmental status of the cell.