Expression of sialyl Le, sialyl Le, Le and Le glycotopes in secreted human ovarian cyst glycoproteins

Human blood group A, B, H, Ii, Le^a and Le^b antigens and their determinants expressed on ovarian cyst glycoproteins have been studied for over five decades. However, little is known about sialyl Le^x and sialyl Le^a glycotopes, which play essential roles in normal immunity, inflammation, and cancer cell metastasis. Furthermore, Le^x and Le^y were classified as glycotopes of unknown genes. Identification of these Lewis epitopes was hampered by the lack of specific antibodies. In this study, the occurrence of sialyl Le^x, sialyl Le^a, Le^x and Le^y reactivities in cyst glycoproteins was characterized by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. The results indicated that most human ovarian cyst glycoproteins carried Le^x (8/25) and/or Le^y (17/25) glycotopes. The expression (epitopes) of the new genes described in previous reports are Le^x and Le^y glycotopes; the reactivities of sialyl Le^x and sialyl Le^a glycotopes in secreted cyst glycoproteins may be affected by the conditions of purification; the relationship between Le^y and human blood group ABH was confirmed; recognition profiles of sialyl Le^x, sialyl Le^a, Le^x and Le^y present in the carbohydrate chains of water-soluble cyst glycoproteins were illustrated; possible attachments of glycotopes to the internal carbohydrate complex of cyst glycoproteins have been reconstructed; proposed biosynthetic pathways for the formation of sialyl Le^a, sialyl Le^x, Le^x, Le^y, ALe^y and BLe^y determinant structures on Type I and Type II core structures of human ovarian cyst glycoproteins are also included in this study.     

New applications of ruthenium solar cell sensitizers N3 and N719 as luminescence turn-on anion sensors

Optical sensing of F⁻, Cl⁻, Br⁻, I⁻, OAc⁻, , , and by cis-dithiocyanatobis(2,2′-bipyridyl-4,4′-dicarboxylic acid)ruthenium(II) (N3) and bis(tetrabutylammonium) cis-dithiocyanatobis(2,2′-bipyridine-4-COOH,4′-COO⁻)ruthenium(II) (N719) have been investigated in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), by means of UV-Vis absorption and emission spectrophotometric titrations. Additions of F⁻, OAc⁻, and in DMSO solution caused obvious UV-Vis spectral changes with appearance of several isosbestic points, and remarkable emission enhancements along with large blue shifts in emission bands. The values of F⁻-induced emission intensity enhancement factor (emission quantum yield enhancement factor), I/I₀ (φ/φ₀), were found to be 40 (86) and 38 (58) for N3 and N719, respectively. No obvious spectral changes were observed upon addition of Cl⁻, Br⁻, I⁻, and in DMSO solutions. Luminescent F⁻ sensing in DMSO/H₂O (4:1, v/v) has also been demonstrated to be operative with a luminescence enhancement factor of 12, indicating that N3 is very potential for practical application as fluorescent anion sensor in aqueous solution. An interaction mechanism of anion-induced deprotonation of N3 and N719 was confirmed, and the deprotonation reaction equilibrium constants of N3 and N719 were derived as well.