果蝇肠道干细胞及肠道菌群的研究进展

动物肠道有强大的免疫系统、干细胞及微生态系统,肠道内微生物群在维持正常的肠上皮和免疫功能中发挥重要作用.正常情况下,肠道菌群处于微生态均衡状态,维持共生关系.肠道菌群的变化可通过影响肠上皮细胞引起代谢疾病发生,甚至改变宿主的行为模式.果蝇肠道的生理结构、干细胞增殖与分化机制及其小生境均与哺乳动物存在高度保守性,其肠道菌...     

果蝇生殖腺干细胞和它们的微环境

干细胞微环境是由容纳一个或多个干细胞,并控制干细胞自我更新和子代细胞产生的组织细胞以及细胞外基质组成。干细胞必须在微环境内才能增殖,才能保持自我更新的特性。通过对果蝇生殖腺干细胞微环境的结构及其产生的信号路径（该路径可以调节干细胞自我更新）的研究,发现微环境中支持细胞和它们发出的信号路径在调节干细胞的增殖和分化中起重要的作用。     

果蝇干细胞研究进展

本文主要介绍了果蝇五种干细胞,包括生殖干细胞、神经干细胞、造血干细胞、小肠干细胞、肾干细胞及其微环境（niche）的组成成份;简述了五种干细胞系统对应的分子标记;最后重点介绍了调控每种干细胞系统的信号通路。     

果蝇肠道干细胞增殖与分化机制及其研究进展

动物肠道经常接触微生物而引起免疫应答,持续感染将导致胃肠疾病的发生.大量文献报道了果蝇中肠是研究肠道干细胞稳态的理想模型.本文将对果蝇肠道干细胞增殖与分化机制进行简要归纳和总结,同时对该领域的研究前景进行展望,为研究果蝇肠道内稳态提供一定的理论基础.     

果蝇神经干细胞研究进展

中枢神经系统由数量庞大、类型多样的神经细胞和神经胶质细胞组成,它调节生物体各种生理活动以及学习、记忆和思维等认知功能。神经细胞和神经胶质细胞由神经干细胞产生,所以对神经干细胞的研究有十分重要的意义。果蝇作为一种经典模式生物,长期被用于神经干细胞增殖、分化、凋亡等方面的研究。本文阐述了果蝇神经干细胞的最新研究进展,包括神经干细胞的类型和起源,参与神经干细胞不对称分裂的关键蛋白质,神经干细胞的静息、激活和最终的分化或凋亡,以及神经元多样性产生的机制,希望对神经生物学的基础研究有所帮助。     

基于果蝇口腔感染的肠道训练免疫模型研究（英文）

目的 利用果蝇作为遗传工具从个体和分子层面研究果蝇的训练免疫效应,并为后续深入研究其分子机制提供依据。方法 首先构建无菌果蝇模型,在此基础上构建果蝇成虫及跨发育阶段训练免疫模型,用两种革兰氏阴性菌——胡萝卜软腐欧文氏菌（Erwinia carotovora carotovora 15）及铜绿假单胞菌（Pseudomonas aeruginosa）分别经口腔感染果蝇。在第一次感染完全消退后进行再次感染,然后通过比较果蝇在两个感染阶段的存活率和细菌量来衡量训练免疫的潜在效果。通过实时荧光定量PCR检测相应先天免疫相关基因的表达水平,研究革兰氏阴性菌对免疫缺陷（IMD）通路的诱导作用。结果 果蝇成虫及幼虫初次感染均可提高二次感染后的生存率、细菌清除效率及死亡时能承受的最高细菌负荷;二次感染的果蝇中,IMD通路中免疫反应基因的基础表达比未感染的高,这提供了获得感染抗性的分子基础;果蝇的免疫反应主要发生在中肠,二次免疫比初次免疫的效应更迅速且剧烈;二次免疫的果蝇中,肠道干细胞的数量显著多于初次感染。结论 果蝇肠道中强大的训练免疫可由同源或异源革兰氏阴性菌口腔感染引发,且免疫记忆可在整个发育阶段持...     

果蝇肠道共生菌对宿主作用的研究进展

肠道共生菌是动物体内的重要组成部分,在宿主的生长发育和健康等方面发挥着重要作用,近年来已成为国内外的研究热点.果蝇作为研究肠道微生物菌群功能的优秀模型,在肠道共生菌与宿主关系研究方面已取得许多重要进展.在本文中,我们首先对果蝇肠道微生物的组成和特征作了总结,然后对果蝇肠道共生菌在其生长发育、营养与代谢、行为反应、寿命以...     

多能性干细胞可以维护果蝇成虫中肠后部

脊椎动物和无脊椎动物消化系统在其发育、细胞组成和遗传控制方面有很大的相似性。果蝇中肠很典型,肠壁囊泡组成单层肠上皮的大部分,但与消化道的内分泌细胞散布分布。人类和老鼠的肠细胞由干细胞不断地补充,如果误调节会导致一些消化疾病和癌症。相反,蝇类肠道内没有发现干细胞,而果蝇肠道细胞被认为相对稳定。Ohlstein和Spradling运用系统标记法发现,果蝇成虫中肠后部细胞由特异的肠内干细胞（ISCs）不断地补充。同样在脊椎动物中,ISCs是多能性的,而且Notch信号途径是必需的,它可以产生内分泌细胞的恰当部分。Notch信号对于ISC子细胞分化是必需的,     

肠道干细胞标记物的研究进展

肠道干细胞(intestinal stem cells, ISCs)除了具有自我更新能力和多能性外,还表现出活跃的增殖、信号活动以及特殊的表观遗传和代谢特征。其主要作用是维护肠道组织的稳态、修复受损的肠道黏膜和调节肠道细胞分化。目前,主要有两种ISCs,各自拥有不同的特异性标记物且具有广泛不同的生物学功能,但都与肠道疾病的发生和发展关系密切。然而, ISCs标记物的缺乏严重限制了对ISCs生物学特性的研究,阻碍了临床上ISCs及其衍生物用于治疗肠道相关疾病的研究进程。以下就近年来ISCs标记物及肠道诱导多能干细胞(induced pluripotent stem cells, iPSCs)的研究进展作一综述,旨在为临床治疗肠道疾病提供有益线索。     

谷氨酸钠摄入引起的果蝇肠道菌群多样性变化研究

谷氨酸钠(MSG),也称味精,是谷氨酸的钠盐,也是最丰富的天然存在的非必需氨基酸之一.MSG常作为一种增味剂被添加到食物中,但也有报道可引起哮喘、头痛甚至脑损伤.本文以黑腹果蝇作为材料,利用16S rDNA扩增子测序分析其肠道菌群对高MSG摄人的响应.结果发现饲喂MSG组果蝇相比对照组,其肠道的厚壁杆菌门 Firmic...     

Preference and performance of peach fruit fly (Bactrocera Zonata) and Melon fruit fly (Bactrocera Cucurbitae) under laboratory conditions

In Pakistan and all over the world, the Peach Fruit Fly (PFF), Bactrocera zonata (Saunders.) and the Melon Fruit Fly (MFF), Bactrocera cucurbitae (Coquillett.) are considered severe and polyphagous insect pests for various fruits and vegetables. The current study was conducted to check the Laboratory preference and performance of B. cucurbitae and B. zonata on selected Fruits Citrus (Citrus sinensis), Apple (Malus domestica), Banana (Musa acuminate), and vegetable, Sponge gourd (luffa aegyptiaca), Bitter gourd (Momordica charantia) Pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata) under laboratory conditions. The study showed that Sponge Gourd was the preferable host with the mean pupae resurgence of (242.33), followed by Bitter Gourd (78.333) among selected vegetables. At the same time, among fruits, a banana was the preferable host with mean pupae resurgence (204.33), followed by orange (158.33). The pumpkin and apple was the least preferable host for both B. cucurbitae and B. zonata, with mean pupae resurgence (35.667) and (79.000), respectively. Furthermore, the study showed that Banana was the preferable host for B. Zonata among intact and infested fruits, whereas B. cucurbitaee showed the most preference to Bitter gourd among intact and infested vegetables showing significantly different results among intact and infested fruits and vegetables. Maximum number of eggs, pupa, female flies, male flies, adult emergence from pupa (flies) and period of pupa of B. zonata and B. cucurbitae on banana and bitter gourd. While, other fruits and vegetables showed the minimum number of eggs, pupa, female flies, male flies, adult emergence from pupa (flies) and period of the pupa. The current study concluded there is a need to evaluate other host plants against these fruit fly species for effective control.     

Eradication versus control of Mediterranean fruit fly in Western Australia

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Prospect of mesenchymal stem cells in therapy of osteoporosis: A review

Osteoporosis is a systemic skeletal disease associated with reduced bone strong point that results in raised fracture risk, with decreased bone strength, leading to reduced bone mineral density and poor bone quality. It is the most common in older females but some men are also at high risk. Although considered as a predictable result of aging, it is can be avoidable and treatable. The existing treatment of osteoporosis mainly contains antiresorptive and anabolic agents. In spite of these improvements, concerns around unusual side-effects of antiresorptive drugs, and the lack of perfect confirmation in maintenance of their long-standing effectiveness is bring about many patients not receiving these drugs. Over the years, the stem cell-based therapy has attained substantial clinical consideration because of its potential to treat numerous diseases. The stem cell therapy has been recommended as a probable therapeutic approach for patients with osteoporosis. Even though the concept of stem cell-based therapy for osteoporosis has caught substantial attention, no clinical trial has been published on humans. The cell studies based on osteoporosis are primarily focused on osteoclastic activity and bone resorption procedures. Earlier, it was on osteoblastogenesis and in recent times, on the differentiation probable of mesenchymal stem cells. In this review, we have summarized the therapeutic role of stem cell-based strategy in osteoporosis.     

Evaluation of lures and traps for male and female monitoring of Mediterranean fruit fly in pome and stone fruit

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Niche regulation of corneal epithelial stem cells at the limbus

Among all adult somatic stem cells,those of the corneal epithelium are unique in their exclusive location in a definedlimbai structure termed Palisades of Vogt.As a result,surgical engraftment oflimbal epithelial stem cells with or withoutex vivo expansion has long been practiced to restore sights in patients inflicted with limbal stem cell deficiency.Neverthe-less,compared to other stem cell examples,relatively little is known about the limbal niche,which is believed to play apivotal role in regulating self-renewal and fate decision of limbal epithelial stem cells.This review summarizes relevantliterature and formulates several key questions to guide future research into better understanding of the pathogenesis oflimbal stem cell deficiency and further improvement of the tissue engineering of the corneal epithelium by focusing onthe limbal niche.     

肺干细胞和肺癌干细胞研究进展

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表皮干细胞研究进展

哺乳动物表皮中包含有多种不同类型的表皮干细胞, 它们共同维持了表皮组织结构的稳态并在皮肤创伤的修复中起重要作用。表皮干细胞具备干细胞两大基本特征: 自我更新和分化, 两者间平衡的破坏通常是皮肤肿瘤和其他皮肤疾病的根源。文章着重叙述了表皮干细胞存在的证据、两大基本特征、分裂模式、调节表皮干细胞的信号通路以及维持其稳态的微观和宏观环境。     

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Aging of hair follicle stem cells and their niches

Hair follicles in the skin undergo cyclic rounds of regeneration, degeneration, and rest throughout life. Stem cells residing in hair follicles play a pivotal role in maintaining tissue homeostasis and hair growth cycles. Research on hair follicle aging and age-related hair loss has demonstrated that a decline in hair follicle stem cell (HFSC) activity with aging can decrease the regeneration capacity of hair follicles. This review summarizes our understanding of how age-associated HFSC intrinsic and extrinsic mechanisms can induce HFSC aging and hair loss. In addition, we discuss approaches developed to attenuate age-associated changes in HFSCs and their niches, thereby promoting hair regrowth.     

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