共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 78 毫秒
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动物肠道经常接触微生物而引起免疫应答,持续感染将导致胃肠疾病的发生.大量文献报道了果蝇中肠是研究肠道干细胞稳态的理想模型.本文将对果蝇肠道干细胞增殖与分化机制进行简要归纳和总结,同时对该领域的研究前景进行展望,为研究果蝇肠道内稳态提供一定的理论基础. 相似文献
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目的 利用果蝇作为遗传工具从个体和分子层面研究果蝇的训练免疫效应,并为后续深入研究其分子机制提供依据。方法 首先构建无菌果蝇模型,在此基础上构建果蝇成虫及跨发育阶段训练免疫模型,用两种革兰氏阴性菌——胡萝卜软腐欧文氏菌(Erwinia carotovora carotovora 15)及铜绿假单胞菌(Pseudomonas aeruginosa)分别经口腔感染果蝇。在第一次感染完全消退后进行再次感染,然后通过比较果蝇在两个感染阶段的存活率和细菌量来衡量训练免疫的潜在效果。通过实时荧光定量PCR检测相应先天免疫相关基因的表达水平,研究革兰氏阴性菌对免疫缺陷(IMD)通路的诱导作用。结果 果蝇成虫及幼虫初次感染均可提高二次感染后的生存率、细菌清除效率及死亡时能承受的最高细菌负荷;二次感染的果蝇中,IMD通路中免疫反应基因的基础表达比未感染的高,这提供了获得感染抗性的分子基础;果蝇的免疫反应主要发生在中肠,二次免疫比初次免疫的效应更迅速且剧烈;二次免疫的果蝇中,肠道干细胞的数量显著多于初次感染。结论 果蝇肠道中强大的训练免疫可由同源或异源革兰氏阴性菌口腔感染引发,且免疫记忆可在整个发育阶段持... 相似文献
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脊椎动物和无脊椎动物消化系统在其发育、细胞组成和遗传控制方面有很大的相似性。果蝇中肠很典型,肠壁囊泡组成单层肠上皮的大部分,但与消化道的内分泌细胞散布分布。人类和老鼠的肠细胞由干细胞不断地补充,如果误调节会导致一些消化疾病和癌症。相反,蝇类肠道内没有发现干细胞,而果蝇肠道细胞被认为相对稳定。Ohlstein和Spradling运用系统标记法发现,果蝇成虫中肠后部细胞由特异的肠内干细胞(ISCs)不断地补充。同样在脊椎动物中,ISCs是多能性的,而且Notch信号途径是必需的,它可以产生内分泌细胞的恰当部分。Notch信号对于ISC子细胞分化是必需的, 相似文献
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肠道干细胞(intestinal stem cells, ISCs)除了具有自我更新能力和多能性外,还表现出活跃的增殖、信号活动以及特殊的表观遗传和代谢特征。其主要作用是维护肠道组织的稳态、修复受损的肠道黏膜和调节肠道细胞分化。目前,主要有两种ISCs,各自拥有不同的特异性标记物且具有广泛不同的生物学功能,但都与肠道疾病的发生和发展关系密切。然而, ISCs标记物的缺乏严重限制了对ISCs生物学特性的研究,阻碍了临床上ISCs及其衍生物用于治疗肠道相关疾病的研究进程。以下就近年来ISCs标记物及肠道诱导多能干细胞(induced pluripotent stem cells, iPSCs)的研究进展作一综述,旨在为临床治疗肠道疾病提供有益线索。 相似文献
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果蝇精巢生殖干细胞(Germline stem cells,GSCs)的数量伴随衰老呈现递减趋势。本文以两种野生型果蝇品系Oregon、W1118以及Stat基因突变体的精巢为研究材料,采用免疫荧光染色技术,标记果蝇精巢Hub组织及生殖干细胞,研究了室温(25℃)条件下三种果蝇羽化后六个时间点(第1、15、30、45、60、75 d)精巢GSC的数量。结果表明,两种野生型Oregon、W1118与stat突变体果蝇羽化后第1 d的GSC平均数分别为8.55、8.60与8.15,根据曲线图得到,两种野生型果蝇GSCs半衰期均为60 d左右,而stat突变体果蝇约为30 d,两者存在显著差异,表明stat基因突变加速了果蝇精巢GSCs的衰老。 相似文献
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Niche regulation of corneal epithelial stem cells at the limbus 总被引:19,自引:0,他引:19
Among all adult somatic stem cells,those of the corneal epithelium are unique in their exclusive location in a definedlimbai structure termed Palisades of Vogt.As a result,surgical engraftment oflimbal epithelial stem cells with or withoutex vivo expansion has long been practiced to restore sights in patients inflicted with limbal stem cell deficiency.Neverthe-less,compared to other stem cell examples,relatively little is known about the limbal niche,which is believed to play apivotal role in regulating self-renewal and fate decision of limbal epithelial stem cells.This review summarizes relevantliterature and formulates several key questions to guide future research into better understanding of the pathogenesis oflimbal stem cell deficiency and further improvement of the tissue engineering of the corneal epithelium by focusing onthe limbal niche. 相似文献
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近年来成体干细胞研究进展迅速。肺干细胞和肺癌干细胞在表面标志、分离方法和功能研究等方面也取得了一定进展。在肺组织中,肺干细胞维持着肺上皮的更新和稳定,肺脏不同解剖结构存在不同的干细胞,主要的肺干细胞有气管—支气管干细胞、细支气管干细胞、细支气管肺泡干细胞和肺泡干细胞等,不同干细胞特异表面标志也不同。根据肿瘤干细胞理论,目前研究认为肺癌的发生与肺癌干细胞有关,肺癌干细胞来源于其对应肺干细胞的恶性转化。肺癌干细胞特异标志研究主要集中在侧群细胞、CD133和醛脱氢酶等。与其他成体干细胞相似,肺癌干细胞维持自我更新以及分化能力的信号通路主要有Wnt、Hedgehog和Notch通路等。肺癌干细胞与肺癌的发生、发展、转移、治疗反应及预后关系,也取得了一定的进展。该文对肺干细胞和肺癌干细胞研究进展作简要综述。 相似文献
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Abstract The concept that stem cells reside in prostate epithelia is well accepted and has led to significant efforts aimed at isolating and characterizing adult prostate stem/progenitor cells from both human and rodent prostate tissues. Understanding how prostatic stem and/or progenitor cells give rise to prostate epithelia during development and maintain homeostasis of the prostate gland in adulthood is a major research focus. Furthermore, the ability to identify and manipulate prostatic stem cells (PSCs) holds enormous promise for the development of new approaches to manage and treat prostate cancer. This review maps the pathways to identifying, isolating, characterizing, and understanding the differentiation capacity of PSCs. 相似文献
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Sandro Eridani 《Cytotechnology》2001,35(2):137-143
Both embryonic and somatic stem cells have been studied in recent years with particular regard to their differentiation potential.
In vitro studies allow a considerable amplification of such cells in culture as well as the induction of commitment in different directions
under proper stimulating factors. Moreover, a surprising versatility has been discovered,which makes possible a `reprogramming'
of stem cells into a lineage pathway which may be completely different from the expected direction: for instance, a production
of brain cells from blood progenitors has been obtained. It is thus possible to envisage methods of producing in culture sufficient
amounts of stem cells, committed to a certain pathway, which can be transplanted in vivo to replace damaged tissues and organs.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
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精原干细胞自我更新和分化的调控 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
精原干细胞(spermatogonial stem cells,SSCs)是体内自然状态下惟一能将遗传信息传至子代的成体干细胞,它们能通过维持自我更新和分化的稳定从而保证雄性生命过程中精子发生的持续进行。了解SSCs自我更新和分化的调节机制有助于阐明精子发生机理,并为探究其他组织中成体干细胞增殖分化的调节机制提供依据。然而目前对于SSCs自我更新和分化的调控机制所知甚少。SSCs的更新与分化遵循特定模式,受以睾丸支持细胞为主要成分的微环境及各种内分泌因素如胶质细胞源神经营养因子(GDNF)、维生素、Ets转录因子ERM/Etv5等的调控。本文评述了SSCs更新与分化的模式以及上述因素对其更新、分化的调控,探讨了其中可能涉及的信号通路,以期为本领域及其他成体干细胞相关研究提供借鉴。 相似文献
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Adult organisms have to adapt to survive, and the same is true for their tissues. Rates and types of cell production must be rapidly and reversibly adjusted to meet tissue demands in response to both local and systemic challenges. Recent work reveals how stem cell (SC) populations meet these requirements by switching between functional states tuned to homoeostasis or regeneration. This plasticity extends to differentiating cells, which are capable of reverting to SCs after injury. The concept of the niche, the micro‐environment that sustains and regulates stem cells, is broadening, with a new appreciation of the role of physical factors and hormonal signals. Here, we review different functions of SCs, the cellular mechanisms that underlie them and the signals that bias the fate of SCs as they switch between roles. 相似文献