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通过短期驯化策略提高酿酒酵母对木质纤维素预处理产生的酚类物质的耐受性。考察酚酸对酵母的抑制作用,比较驯化菌株在酚酸中生理指标,通过流式细胞仪分析酵母细胞膜完整性。单一酚酸低浓度对酿酒酵母生长和发酵没有明显抑制作用,而高浓度抑制强烈。混合酚酸具有更强的抑制作用,特别对乙醇发酵影响显著。相比原始菌株,短期驯化菌株在混合酚酸胁迫下的生长发酵动力学参数明显提高,细胞膜保持良好的完整性。酚酸对酿酒酵母生长有直接抑制作用,短期驯化能提高酵母酚酸耐受性,这与细胞膜应激反应保持其完整性有关。 相似文献
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纤维素乙醇生物加工过程中的抑制物对酿酒酵母的影响及应对措施 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
以木质纤维素为原料生产乙醇,预处理是必需的环节,这一过程中不可避免产生了多种对微生物有抑制作用的化合物,这些抑制物主要有3大类:弱酸、呋喃醛类和酚类化合物。这些化合物影响后续乙醇发酵微生物酿酒酵母(Saccharomyces cerevisiae)的生长及发酵性能,降低了乙醇的得率和产量,是木质纤维素原料大规模生产乙醇的一个主要障碍。以下介绍了3类抑制物的形成及作用机制,并介绍了应对抑制物作用、提高酵母发酵能力的措施及研究进展,包括发酵前预处理原料脱毒、通过进化工程驯化菌种或通过对抑制物耐受性相关基因的代谢工程操作提高酿酒酵母耐受性,及通过发酵过程控制减少抑制物影响等。 相似文献
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脂质组学研究方法及其应用 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
脂质不仅是生物膜的骨架成分和能量贮存物质, 越来越多的证据表明, 脂质也参与细胞的许多重要功能。脂质组学是代谢组学的一个重要分支, 主要研究生物体内所有的脂质分子的特性以及它们在蛋白质表达和基因调控过程中的作用。脂质组学是依赖技术驱动的科学。近年来, 随着人们对脂质研究的重视, 脂质组学研究方法和策略有了突破性进展, 在动物上开发出的脂质组学分析方法已经扩展应用到植物上。该文重点介绍脂质组学的研究方法及其应用, 以期推动脂质组学,特别是植物脂质组学的进一步发展。 相似文献
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木质纤维素类生物质是前景广阔的化石原料替代品,其生物炼制可生产生物能源、生物基化学品和生物材料等多种产品,可降低碳排放,有助于实现“双碳”目标,因此受到越来越多的关注。然而,木质纤维素生物炼制需要经过预处理、微生物发酵和产物纯化等多个步骤,其中,预处理过程产生的多种化合物抑制微生物的细胞生长和发酵性能,是制约生物转化效率的瓶颈之一。大肠杆菌是木质纤维素生物炼制常用的宿主,被广泛应用于多种化合物的生产,研究其对木质纤维素水解液中抑制物的耐受性,对于提高木质纤维素生物炼制效率具有重要意义。本文首先介绍了木质纤维素的主要成分和基本结构,对木质纤维素的预处理方法以及预处理后水解液中的主要抑制物种类进行了简单阐述;随后,总结了木质纤维素水解液中几类主要抑制物呋喃类、羧酸类和酚类对大肠杆菌细胞的毒性,以及大肠杆菌对上述抑制物的胁迫响应机制和基于机制的菌株改造靶点;最后,综述了提高大肠杆菌对上述抑制物的胁迫耐受性的菌株改造策略,包括随机突变、实验室适应性进化和组学辅助的理性设计等,为利用代谢工程构建用于木质纤维素生物炼制的高效大肠杆菌菌株提供参考。 相似文献
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脂质占人体内源性代谢物的一半以上,种类繁多,结构复杂,因而具有多种生物功能,与多种生命活动密切相关。脂质组学是代谢组学分支的新兴学科,它可以通过比较不同生理状态下脂质含量的变化,寻找代谢通路中关键的脂质生物标志物,最终揭示脂质在各种生命活动中的作用机制。随着质谱技术的进步,脂质组学在疾病脂类生物标志物的识别、疾病诊断、药物作用机制的研究等方面已展现出广泛的应用前景。本文主要就脂质组学近几年的分析方法进展及其在癌症中的最新应用进行了综述。 相似文献
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脂质作为细胞的主要组成部分,在细胞内物质运输、信号转导、细胞凋亡等多种生命活动中发挥重要作用。脂质组学通过对生物体内的脂质进行系统分析,从而了解其相互作用以及与其他生物分子之间的作用。主要介绍了脂质组学的研究方法,包括样品前处理方法、检测方法和仪器设备以及数据分析方法。同时,综述了脂质组学技术在神经毒性、肝脏毒性、免疫毒性以及内分泌干扰毒性中的研究进展,以期为研究化合物毒性作用机制提供思路和参考。最后,提出未来应利用脂质组学技术开展不同化合物的联合毒性作用研究,通过脂质组学筛选获得相关脂质生物标志物,为联合毒性作用的风险预警和相关毒性作用机制分析提供科学依据。 相似文献
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酿酒酵母是真核模式生物,已被广泛用于 "组学"水平的研究。"组学"技术主要由基因组学、转录组学、蛋白质组学及代谢组学构成。综述了酵母菌"组学"的研究进展,并论述了酵母菌"组学"技术在酵母菌菌株改造中的应用,包括酒类及生物燃料乙醇工业生产菌株的基因工程改造等。 相似文献
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In a foregoing paper we have shown the presence in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae of an enzyme catalyzing the hydrolysis of L-gamma-glutamyl-p-nitroanilide, but apparently distinct from gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase. The cellular level of this enzyme was not regulated by the nature of the nitrogen source supplied to the yeast cell. Purification was attempted, using ion exchange chromatography on DEAE Sephadex A 50, salt precipitations and successive chromatographies on DEAE Sephadex 6B and Sephadex G 100. The apparent molecular weight of the purified enzyme was 14,800 as determined by gel filtration. As shown by kinetic studies and thin layer chromatography, the enzyme preparation exhibited only hydrolytic activity against gamma-glutamylarylamide and L-glutamine with an optimal pH of about seven. Various gamma-glutamylaminoacids, amides, dipeptides and glutathione were inactive as substrates and no transferase activity was detected. The yeast gamma-glutamylarylamidase was activated by SH protective agents, dithiothreitol and reduced glutathione. Oxidized glutathione, ophtalmic acid and various gamma-glutamylaminoacids inhibited competitively the enzyme. The activity was also inhibited by L-gamma-glutamyl-o-(carboxy)phenylhydrazide and the couple serine-borate, both transition-state analogs of gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase. Diazooxonorleucine, reactive analog of glutamine, inactivated the enzyme. The physiological role of yeast gamma-glutamylarylamidase-glutaminase is still undefined but is most probably unrelated to the bulk assimilation of glutamine by yeast cells. 相似文献
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生物乙醇作为一种可再生的清洁能源,正在引起人们的广泛关注.酿酒酵母是乙醇生产中最常用的发酵菌株,但是乙醇耐受性往往成为限制酿酒酵母菌乙醇产量的重要因素.选育耐受高浓度乙醇的酵母菌株对于提高乙醇产率具有重要意义.然而传统的菌株改良方法具有育种周期长,突变方向不定等缺点.主要综述了近年来国内外对酿酒酵母菌耐受乙醇的分子生物学机理方面的研究成果,进而总结了提高酿酒酵母乙醇耐受性的基因工程、代谢工程. 相似文献
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Sharma SC 《FEMS yeast research》2006,6(7):1047-1051
Sterols are essential components of the plasma membrane in eukaryotic cells. Nystatin-resistant erg mutants were used in the present study to investigate the in vitro effects of altered sterol structure on membrane lipid composition, fluidity, and asymmetry of phospholipids. Quantitative analyses of the wild type and mutants erg2, erg3 and erg6 revealed that mutants have lower sterol (free)-to-phospholipid molar ratios than the wild type. Phosphatidylcholine content was decreased in erg2 and erg3 mutants; however, it was increased in erg6 strains as compared to normals. Phosphatidylserine content was increased in the erg6 mutant only. Fluorescence anisotropy decreased with temperature in both probes, and was lower for mutants than for the wild type, suggesting an increased freedom in rotational movement due to decreased membrane order. Investigation of changes in the aminophospholipid transbilayer distribution using two chemical probes, trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid and fluorescamine, revealed that the amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine derivatized by these probes were quite similar in both the wild type and various erg strains. The present findings suggest that adaptive responses in yeast cells with altered sterol structure are possibly manifested through changes in membrane lipid composition and fluidity, and not through transbilayer rearrangement of aminophospholipids. 相似文献
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Fangqing Wei Menglei Li Ming Wang Hongxing Li Zailu Li Wensheng Qin Tiandi Wei Jianzhi Zhao Xiaoming Bao 《Global Change Biology Bioenergy》2021,13(1):83-97
During second‐generation bioethanol production from lignocellulosic biomass, the desired traits for fermenting microorganisms, such as Saccharomyces cerevisiae, are high xylose utilization and high robustness to inhibitors in lignocellulosic hydrolysates. However, as observed previously, these two traits easily showed the antagonism, one rising and the other falling, in the C6/C5 co‐fermenting S. cerevisiae strain. In this study, LF1 obtained in our previous study is an engineered budding yeast strain with a superior co‐fermentation capacity of glucose and xylose, and was then mutated by atmospheric and room temperature plasma (ARTP) mutagenesis to improve its robustness. The ARTP‐treated cells were grown in 50% (v/v) leachate from lignocellulose pretreatment with high inhibitors content for adaptive evolution. After 30 days, the generated mutant LF1‐6 showed significantly enhanced tolerance, with a six‐fold increase in cell density in the above leachate. Unfortunately, its xylose utilization dropped markedly, indicating the recurrence of the negative correlation between xylose utilization and robustness. To alleviate this antagonism, LF1‐6 cells were iteratively mutated with ARTP mutagenesis and then anaerobically grown using xylose as the sole carbon source, and xylose utilization was restored in the resulting strain 6M‐15. 6M‐15 also exhibited increased co‐fermentation performance of xylose and glucose with the highest ethanol productivity reported to date (0.525 g g?1 h?1) in high‐level mixed sugars (80 g L?1 glucose and 40 g L?1 xylose) with no inhibitors. Meanwhile, its fermentation time was shortened by 8 h compared to that of LF1. During the fermentation of non‐detoxified lignocellulosic hydrolysate with high inhibitor concentrations at pH ~3.5, 6M‐15 can efficiently convert glucose and xylose with an ethanol yield of 0.43 g g?1. 6M‐15 is also regarded as a potential chassis cell for further design of a customized strain suitable for production of second‐generation bioethanol or other high value‐added products from lignocellulosic biomass. 相似文献
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为了探讨酵母进入对数生长后期以后酒精生产速度降低的原因, 我们利用酵母表达谱芯片技术对酿酒酵母细胞从对数生长中期进入对数生长后期时的全基因组表达谱进行了分析, 发现酵母在对数生长中期的表达谱非常稳定, 而一旦进入对数生长后期, 则出现明显的代谢重构现象。许多氨基酸合成和代谢相关的基因、离子转移以及与能量的生成和储存等功能相关的基因出现了不同程度的上调; 而许多涉及酵母转座和DNA重组的基因则表达下调; 一些中心代谢途径也发生了代谢重构, 包括: 琥珀酸和a-酮戊二酸生成途径基因的一致上调, 都与氨基酸合成和代谢相关基因表达的结果相吻合。结果表明: 由于氨基酸合成的需求量增加, 进入对数生长后期酵母的代谢转向TCA循环和乙醛酸循环, 导致酒精的生产速率降低。 相似文献
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Shirazi S.H. Rahman S.R. Rahman M.M. 《World journal of microbiology & biotechnology》1998,14(4):595-597
Seven strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae all produced lipase when grown in shake flask culture. The best strain, DSM 1848, produced 4.0U of lipase in the medium containing olive oil and yeast extract. Production of the lipase was growth-associated. 相似文献
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为了探讨酵母进入对数生长后期以后酒精生产速度降低的原因,我们利用酵母表达谱芯片技术对酿酒酵母细胞从对数生长中期进入对数生长后期时的全基因组表达谱进行了分析,发现酵母在对数生长中期的表达谱非常稳定,而一旦进入对数生长后期.则出现明显的代谢重构现象.许多氨基酸合成和代谢相关的基因、离子转移以及与能量的生成和储存等功能相关的基因出现了不同程度的上调;而许多涉及酵母转座和DNA重组的基因则表达下调;一些中心代谢途径也发生了代谢重构.包括:琥珀酸和α-酮戊二酸生成途径基因的一致上调,都与氨基酸合成和代谢相关基因表达的结果相吻合.结果表明:由于氨基酸合成的需求量增加,进入对数生长后期酵母的代谢转向TCA循环和乙醛酸循环,导致酒精的生产速率降低. 相似文献