肠道微生物基因组学与代谢组学分析联合应用的研究进展

随着肠道微生物对人类健康与疾病的作用日渐受到关注,肠道微生物的代谢作用已成为近年研究的热门领域之一.已有研究表明,将肠道微生物组学与代谢组学应用于宿主生理、疾病病理、药物药理等方面的研究具有重要价值.本文就肠道微生物基因组学和代谢组学分析联合应用的研究进展进行综述.     

肠道微生物功能宏基因组学与代谢组学关联分析方法研究进展

近年来基于高通量基因测序的微生物组学研究极大加深了人们对微生物与健康和疾病关系的认识。然而基因测序方法不能直接测定微生物的功能活性,难以鉴定微生物中的关键功能分子,单独使用无法回答肠道微生物何种成员通过何种方式影响宿主等关键科学问题。单一组学研究弊端尽显,多组学联用势在必行。肠道微生物代谢组学以微生物群落所有小分子代谢物为研究对象,可发现肠道微生物随宿主病理生理变化的关键代谢物,为微生物组-宿主互作机制研究提供线索,成为微生物组学研究的重要补充。肠道微生物功能基因组学与代谢组学关联分析在宿主生理、疾病病理、药物药理等方面取得众多进展,展现良好应用前景。然而目前肠道微生物功能基因组学与代谢组学关联分析存在方法滥用、相关性结论与生物学知识相悖等突出问题。为帮助正确应用肠道微生物功能宏基因组学与代谢组学关联分析,本文综述了各种多组学数据整合分析方法的原理、优缺点与适用范围,并给出了应用建议。     

植物代谢组学的研究方法及其应用

代谢组是指某一生物或细胞在一特定生理时期内所有的低分子量代谢产物.植物代谢组学是指对植物抽提物中代谢组进行高通量、无偏差全面分析的技术.近年来,植物代谢组学研究取得了很大进展.本文介绍了其含义、历史沿革及研究方法,并用典型实例阐释了它的应用方向.     

植物代谢组学的研究方法及其应用

代谢组是指某一生物或细胞在一特定生理时期内所有的低分子量代谢产物。植物代谢组学是指对植物抽提物中代谢组进行高通量、无偏差全面分析的技术。近年来, 植物代谢组学研究取得了很大进展。本文介绍了其含义、历史沿革及研究方法, 并用典型实例阐释了它的应用方向。     

基于代谢组学技术的植物抗病相关代谢物研究进展

植物受到病原真菌侵染时往往通过调节体内代谢物的产生来增强自身抗性,代谢组学技术是研究植物抗病相关代谢物的重要工具.指认植物抗病相关代谢物不仅利于深入探讨其抗病机制,还可与其他组学技术结合,辅助抗性品种鉴定和抗病品种培育.该研究对近年来国内外有关基于代谢组学技术指认植物抗病相关代谢物的流程、已发现的抗病相关代谢物及其作用...     

植物代谢组学研究进展

代谢组学是继基因组学、转录组学和蛋白质组学之后发展起来的一门学科,通过对细胞内的基因表达最终代谢产物的定性和定量分析以及定义细胞或器官的生化表现类型来解释功能基因的表达过程。文中就代谢组学的发展历史、主要研究内容、技术特点、数据处理过程及在植物领域中的应用的最新进展几方面进行阐述,以供读者参考。     

植物应答非生物胁迫的代谢组学研究进展

代谢组学技术是研究植物代谢的理想平台, 通过现代检测分析技术对胁迫环境下植物中代谢产物进行定性和定量分析, 可以监测其随时间变化的规律。而各种组学平台包括基因组学、转录组学及代谢组学的整合, 更是一个强有力的工具箱, 将所获得的不同组学的信息联系起来, 有利于从整体研究生物系统对基因或环境变化的响应, 如可判断代谢物的变化是从哪一个层面开始发生的, 帮助人们揭开复杂的植物胁迫应答机制。该文对近期代谢组学技术及其与蛋白质组学、基因组学技术相结合探索植物应答非生物胁迫的研究进行了综述。代谢组学的应用, 拓展了对植物耐受非生物胁迫分子机制的认识, 开展更多这方面的研究, 再通过植物代谢组学、转录组学、蛋白质组学和基因组学整合, 有助于从整体水平上把握植物胁迫应答机制。     

生态代谢组学研究进展

代谢组学指某一生物系统中产生的或已存在的代谢物组的研究,以质谱和核磁共振技术为分析平台,以信息建模与系统整合为目标。随着代谢组学中的研究方法与技术成为生态学研究的有力工具,生态代谢组学概念应运而生,即研究某一个生物体对环境变化的代谢物组水平的响应。理清代谢组学与生态代谢组学学科发展的脉络,综述代谢组学研究中的常用技术及其优势与局限性,论述代谢组学技术在生态学研究中的应用现状,展望代谢组学技术与其他系统生物学组学技术的结合在生态学中的应用前景,提出生态代谢组学研究者未来要完成的任务和面对的挑战。     

人体肠道微生物多样性和功能研究进展

人体肠道中庞大而复杂的微生物群落对人体自身代谢表型有深远的影响.肠道微生物群落在亚种或菌株水平上表现出极大的多样性.利用微生物分子生态学、元基因组学和代谢组学研究方法,发现肠道微生物与宿主表现出共进化的特点,肠道微生物群落及其基因组为宿主提供了互补的遗传和代谢功能,表现出互惠共生关系.但是,肠道微生物群落中影响宿主代谢表型的关键功能菌鉴定及其作用模式问题仍然悬而未决,综合运用多种高通量研究方法和多维数据分析方法可能成为解决这个问题的突破口.     

果树代谢组学研究进展

果树代谢组学是继基因组学、蛋白质组学之后又一新兴的组学技术,主要是从代谢水平研究果树整体或局部代谢物变化差异,帮助发现新功能基因和了解代谢网络。目前果树代谢组学研究刚刚起步,相关研究相对较少,该文介绍了果树代谢组学的主要研究内容与方法以及在果树上的相关应用。     

植物多酚抗逆生态作用研究进展

植物多酚是一类重要的植物次生代谢物质,具有吸收过多的太阳辐射、过滤UV(ultra-violet)和清除体内自由基等多种生理功能,有利于传播花粉、受精及传播种子,并在植物逆境生理生态上也具有重要的作用.该文对近年来国内外有关植物多酚在逆境生态中抗生物或非生物胁迫中的作用--主要包括作为缓解营养缺乏、抵抗干旱、温度变化、盐害、大气污染、食草动物和病原菌浸染等逆境胁迫时的防御物质,以及作为植物与植物之间以及植物与环境之间信息交流物质等方面的研究进展进行综述,并展望了植物多酚的应用前景.     

肠道微生物与人体健康研究进展

人类肠道中定居着许多对宿主有益的微生物,包括细菌、病毒、真核生物等,它们在肠道内能与其他微生物及免疫系统相互作用,对人体健康具有重要影响,被称为"被遗忘的器官",它们的基因组也被誉为人类的"第二基因组",与人体的能量代谢及物质代谢有关。本文总结了人体肠道中病毒、真核生物、细菌和宿主免疫系统的相互作用,微生物群的失衡可能导致的疾病如肥胖和克罗恩病等,以及微生物环境在人体内的成熟过程,期望有助于诊断和治疗与肠道微生物失衡相关的疾病。     

Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Lauraceae Plant Species and Prediction Models Based on Their Metabolomics Profiling Data

The Lauraceae is a botanical family known for its anti-inflammatory potential. However, several species have not yet been studied. Thus, this work aimed to screen the anti-inflammatory activity of this plant family and to build statistical prediction models. The methodology was based on the statistical analysis of high-resolution liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry data and the ex vivo anti-inflammatory activity of plant extracts. The ex vivo results demonstrated significant anti-inflammatory activity for several of these plants for the first time. The sample data were applied to build anti-inflammatory activity prediction models, including the partial least square acquired, artificial neural network, and stochastic gradient descent, which showed adequate fitting and predictive performance. Key anti-inflammatory markers, such as aporphine and benzylisoquinoline alkaloids were annotated with confidence level 2. Additionally, the validated prediction models proved to be useful for predicting active extracts using metabolomics data and studying their most bioactive metabolites.     

Gut dysbacteriosis and intestinal disease: mechanism and treatment

The gut microbiome functions like an endocrine organ, generating bioactive metabolites, enzymes or small molecules that can impact host physiology. Gut dysbacteriosis is associated with many intestinal diseases including (but not limited to) inflammatory bowel disease, primary sclerosing cholangitis-IBD, irritable bowel syndrome, chronic constipation, osmotic diarrhoea and colorectal cancer. The potential pathogenic mechanism of gut dysbacteriosis associated with intestinal diseases includes the alteration of composition of gut microbiota as well as the gut microbiota–derived signalling molecules. The many correlations between the latter and the susceptibility for intestinal diseases has placed a spotlight on the gut microbiome as a potential novel target for therapeutics. Currently, faecal microbial transplantation, dietary interventions, use of probiotics, prebiotics and drugs are the major therapeutic tools utilized to impact dysbacteriosis and associated intestinal diseases. In this review, we systematically summarized the role of intestinal microbiome in the occurrence and development of intestinal diseases. The potential mechanism of the complex interplay between gut dysbacteriosis and intestinal diseases, and the treatment methods are also highlighted.     

Putative Mechanisms Underlying the Beneficial Effects of Polyphenols in Murine Models of Metabolic Disorders in Relation to Gut Microbiota

The beneficial effects of polyphenols on metabolic disorders have been extensively reported. The interaction of these compounds with the gut microbiota has been the focus of recent studies. In this review, we explored the fundamental mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of polyphenols in relation to the gut microbiota in murine models of metabolic disorders. We analyzed the effects of polyphenols on three murine models of metabolic disorders, namely, models of a high-fat diet (HFD)-induced metabolic disorder, dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis, and a metabolic disorder not associated with HFD or DSS. Regardless of the model, polyphenols ameliorated the effects of metabolic disorders by alleviating intestinal oxidative stress, improving inflammatory status, and improving intestinal barrier function, as well as by modulating gut microbiota, for example, by increasing the abundance of short-chain fatty acid-producing bacteria. Consequently, polyphenols reduce circulating lipopolysaccharide levels, thereby improving inflammatory status and alleviating oxidative imbalance at the lesion sites. In conclusion, polyphenols likely act by regulating intestinal functions, including the gut microbiota, and may be a safe and suitable therapeutic agent for various metabolic disorders.     

Metabolomics Profiling of Tunisian Sonchus oleraceus L. Extracts and Their Antioxidant Activities

Sonchus oleraceus (L.) L. (Asteraceae) is an edible wild plant, known for its uses in traditional medicine. The aim of this study is to explore the phytochemical composition of the aerial parts (AP) and roots (R) of aqueous extracts of Sonchus oleraceus L. growing in Tunisia, using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry(LC/MS/MS), and determine the content of polyphenols and antioxidant activities. Results showed that aqueous extracts of AP and R contained, respectively, 195.25±33 μg/g and 118.66±14 μg/g gallic acid equivalent (GAE), and 52.58±7 μg/g and 3.2±0.3μg/g quercetin equivalent. AP and R extracts also contained tannins, 581.78±33 μg/g and 948.44±19 μg/g GAE. The AP extract in the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2′-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) scavenging activities, hydroxyl radical scavenging (OH−) and in cupric reducing antioxidant activity (CUPRAC) assays were respectively 0.325±0.036 mg/mL, 0.053±0.018 mg/mL, 0.696±0.031 mg/mL and 60.94±0.004 μMTE/g, while the R extract using the same assays showed, 0.209±0.052 mg/mL, 0.034±0.002 mg/mL, 0.444±0.014 mg/mL and 50.63±0.006 μM Trolox equivalent/g, respectively. A total of 68 compounds were tentatively identified by LC/MS/MS in both extracts in which quinic acid, pyrogallol, osthrutin, piperine, gentisic acid, fisetin, luteolin, caffeic acid, gingerol, were the most abundant in the LC/MS/MS spectrum. Many of these metabolites were found for the first time in Tunisian Sonchus oleraceus L. which may take account for the antioxidant activities exhibited by the plant.     

肠道菌群与microRNA的交互在促结直肠癌中的作用

结直肠癌是西方国家最常见的癌症之一,多数患者伴有肠道菌群的改变。有研究表明,肠道菌群通过microRNA调节宿主基因的表达,而宿主的microRNA同样调节菌群的生长和基因表达。因此,本文概述了肠道菌群与宿主microRNA相互作用的具体机制,以及这种交互作用在结直肠癌的发生、发展、治疗阶段的研究进展。为进一步深入研究肠道菌群与结直肠癌的关系提供理论基础。