亚麻微生物脱胶菌种的筛选与鉴定

在研究天然水沤法脱胶的过程中,通过初筛、复筛,从沤麻主生物期的沤麻液中筛选出两株茵落周围产生透明圈较大、脱胶酶活较高的菌株。通过形态观察,并对其多项生理、生化指标进行了分析研究,初步鉴定并命名为枯草芽孢杆菌A1和B1。初步加茵脱胶实验表明：枯草芽孢杆菌A1产生果胶酶、木聚糖酶,而不产生纤维素酶,脱胶周期为72小时;枯草芽孢杆茵B1产生果胶酶、木聚糖酶和纤维素酶,脱胶周期为50小时。     

亚麻酶法脱胶研究进展

该文综述了亚麻酶法脱胶的研究现状及前景。从酶的组成、酶法亚麻脱胶工艺和酶法脱胶后亚麻纤维结构及组成变化三方面进行了论述。指出了亚麻酶法脱胶的优越性,现存的问题及其研究方向。     

亚麻微生物脱胶优势菌的选育及其应用

从亚麻种植土壤与沤麻水中分离出96株能分解果胶的菌株。通过初筛和复筛获得4株果胶酶高产菌株。其中,在果胶平板培养基上生长速度快、产果胶酶活力高的12号菌株被确定为优势菌,经鉴定其为枯草芽孢杆菌。最适脱胶条件为：麻水比1：15,pH7．5,温度32～33℃,预培养的优势菌接种量3％。结果表明,采用优势菌的脱胶周期比对照缩短50％左右,而且麻的纤维质量明显得以改善。     

亚麻脱胶过程中细菌学、酶学及相关参数分析

在实验室条件下对亚麻原茎进行温水脱胶,系统分析发酵过程中细菌总数、果胶菌、果胶酶、木聚糖酶、纤维素酶、还原糖、总氮量、pH值及COD等参数的动态变化.同时,采用变性凝胶电泳(DGGE)技术探讨了亚麻脱胶过程的生物多样性.     

亚麻立枯病拮抗菌的筛选、生防效果及发酵条件优化

【目的】从健康亚麻植株的根际土壤中筛选对亚麻立枯病菌具有较强抑菌作用的拮抗菌,优化其产生抑菌活性物质的发酵条件,为其生防利用奠定基础。【方法】采用稀释平板涂布法和对峙培养法进行拮抗菌的筛选;根据菌株形态学特征、生理生化特性以及16S r RNA基因序列分析对其进行鉴定;利用温室抗病实验确定其生防效果;通过单因素实验和均匀设计实验优化其发酵条件。【结果】分离筛选到一株对亚麻立枯病菌具有显著拮抗作用的细菌HXP-5,且其对另外7种植物病菌真菌均有拮抗作用;鉴定菌株HXP-5为枯草芽孢杆菌;温室抗病实验结果表明其生防效果可达71.22%;其产生抑菌活性物质的最佳发酵条件为:葡萄糖为2.3%,胰蛋白胨+酵母粉(3:1)为0.25%,Na Cl为0.18%,发酵时间为72 h,发酵温度为27°C,转速为210 r/min,250 m L摇瓶装液100 m L,接种量为1.7%。【结论】经鉴定,对亚麻立枯病病菌具拮抗作用的菌株HXP-5为枯草芽孢杆菌,且对亚麻立枯病具有较强的防治效果,发酵条件进行优化后其对亚麻立枯病病原菌显示出更强的拮抗作用。     

亚麻脱胶新工艺的初步研究

研究了温水浸渍亚麻脱胶过程中的产果胶酶的微生物数量、种类和果胶酶活力变化规律,分离筛选出了产果胶酶活力较高的厌氧和兼性厌氧菌各l株,研究了这2个菌株的种子培养条件,用正交实验法优化了接入厌氧和兼性厌氧菌的亚麻脱胶工艺.实验结果表明亚麻脱胶周期缩短35%,可改善麻纤维质量.     

蚕丝腐化液中脱胶菌的筛选及鉴定

蚕丝经腐化处理可达到脱胶除油的效果,该文着重对蚕丝腐化液中的脱胶微生物进行研究.实验以酪蛋白为分离培养基碳源,采用平板透明圈法从两种腐化液中初筛出9种脱胶细菌,再经发酵脱胶复筛出脱胶效果最好的菌株D7,该菌处理后蚕丝的残胶率为5.12%.D7菌体呈杆状,长3μm～4μm,宽0.9μm～1.1μm,有芽孢,在平板上菌落直径1mm,透明圈直径5mm,结合其生理生化特征和16S rDNA序列分析,鉴定该菌属腊样芽孢杆菌(Bacillus cereus),为建立蚕丝的纯种微生物发酵脱胶工艺奠定基础.     

果胶杆菌(Pectobacterium aroidearum) WNH的筛选及其汉麻生物脱胶效果

【背景】麻类生物脱胶与化学法脱胶相比具有环保优势。【目的】获得用于汉麻生物脱胶的高效果胶酶菌株。【方法】使用以果胶为唯一碳源的培养基,采用平板稀释法进行菌株筛选,通过生理生化实验和16s rRNA基因序列比对鉴定目标菌株。采用单因素试验优化产酶条件,并验证该条件下汉麻生物脱胶效果。【结果】获得一株具备高活性果胶的酶菌株,归类为果胶杆菌(Pectobacterium aroidearum) WNH。在培养温度27 °C、转速160 r/min、接种量10%、初始pH 7.0的条件下培养16 h后,果胶杆菌WNH的粗酶液果胶酶活力达155.03 U/mL。按上述条件对汉麻韧皮进行二次脱胶处理,处理后脱胶率为27.18%,较对照组提高了6.93%。【结论】果胶杆菌WNH具备汉麻生物脱胶的潜力。     

制霉菌素抗性筛选高活性苎麻脱胶菌诱变菌株

利用制霉菌素抗性筛选高渗透性突变株,提高黑曲霉菌对苎麻纤维的脱胶能力,使微生物脱胶能用于工业生产实践之中.分别用紫外线、硫酸二乙酯、亚硝酸作为诱变剂对黑曲霉3.0.2菌株进行诱变处理.以制霉菌素抗性为遗传标记,从突变菌株中定向筛选得到一株高活性苎麻脱胶菌黑曲霉3.0.2-26.在以未经刮制的苎麻韧皮为主要碳源,0.7%(NH_4)_2SO_4为氮源,添加00.5%KCl;00.5%MgSO_4;0.1%K_2HPO_4; 0.1%酵母膏;Tween80 0.1%的培养液中,接入黑曲霉3.0.2-26,置30℃下,150 r/min处理30 h左右,脱胶苎麻纤维的残胶率平均为14.43%.     

Bacteria Responsible for the Retting of Brazilian Flax

Twenty-two species of bacteria were isolated from Linum usitatissimum stored for retting. Achromobacter parvulus, Clostridium beijerinckii, C. saprogenes, C. saccharoacetoperbutylicum, C. perenne, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa and its achromogenic variety are retting agents. The last species mentioned performs the retting in only 72 hr. This is the first time A. parvulus has been shown to be a retting agent.     

Retting of Flax by Aspergillus niger

In this study, retting was carried out by Aspergillus niger. The pH, galacturonic acid (GA), and total reducing sugar were determined; the end point was identified by the classic empirical processes and by the maximal GA content of the retting water. The process gave clear and resistent fibers, and the retting time was similar to that of current industrial processes with bacterial enzymes. Control of total acidity was not required, since the pH remained close to neutrality throughout the entire process.     

葡萄糖苷转移酶生产菌种的筛选

用甲基葡萄糖及麦芽糖为底物,对５０多株黑曲霉α－葡萄糖苷酶活性作了测定,结果表明各菌株对这二类底物之水解能力并不一致,甲基葡萄糖水解活性高的,其麦芽糖水解能力未必也高。通过ＴＬＣ测定这些菌株生成异麦芽低聚糖之能力,结果表明甲基葡萄糖和麦芽糖为底物的水解能力并不能正常反映转苷反应的能力。酶活力高的,生成异麦芽低聚糖的能力未必比活性低的为强,造成上述结果的原因,或许是胞外酶中存在着仅有水解作用的α－葡     

中性植酸酶高产菌株的筛选及产酶条件研究

以地衣芽孢杆菌为原始出发菌株,用紫外线反复诱变,最终获得一株中性植酸酶高产菌株B.licheniformis LL8,其酶活性约为原始出发菌株的2倍。该菌株具有稳定的遗传性能。通过单因素试验和正交试验对发酵条件进行了优化,当培养温度为55℃,pH为7.5,接种量为10%时,经30h培养后,中性植酸酶活力最高达到2268.4U/mL。     

Identification and Retting Efficiencies of Fungi Isolated from Dew-Retted Flax in the United States and Europe

Seven strains of filamentous fungi and one yeast were isolated from flax that was dew retted in the United States. These filamentous fungi were subcultured to purity and identified, and six appear not to have been reported earlier as isolates from dew-retted flax. Five of the purified U.S. strains, two fungi isolated from flax that was dew retted in Europe, and a laboratory culture of Aspergillus sojae were tested for their ability to ret flax stems. The monocultures were evaluated for the degree of retting, fiber strength, dry weight loss, and tactile response (i.e., feel of softness) as reflected in the retted fiber. Structural modifications of representative samples of the retted flax were assessed by scanning electron microscopy. All of the filamentous fungi were able to carry out some retting, whereas the isolated yeast could not. All organisms produced pectinases when they were cultivated in shake flasks on ball-milled flax as the sole carbon source. Some fungi also produced cellulases, mannanases, and xylanases. Rhizomucor pusillus and Fusarium lateritium were noteworthy as retting organisms by their high level of pectinase activity, ability to attack noncellulosic cell types without attacking cellulose, capacity to penetrate the cuticular surface of the stem, and efficient fiber release from the core. The results indicated that these organisms deserve further study as potential organisms for retting of bast fibers in industrial applications.     

产植酸酶菌株的筛选及产酶条件的研究

通过初筛和复筛,得到一株产植酸酶较高的黑曲霉AN00101菌株,并对该菌种的产酶条件进行了研究.结果表明:配制加水量为35%的麸皮固体培养基,在37℃培养114h,用3%CaCl2进行提取,每g固体发酵物酶活高达1.3×104IU.经L9(34)正交实验表明,硫酸铵和硫酸镁对产酶有显著的促进作用,适宜添加量分别为4%和0.3%.