鄂尔多斯盆地晚石炭世孢粉组合

本文报道了鄂尔多斯盆地晚石炭世太原组的孢粉组合,共计68属,148种(类型)。本文描述了其中的9个新种,2个新组合和4个未定种,并建立一个组合带,即 Pseudolyosporaradialis-Gulisporites discersus-Thymospora thiessenit。根据孢粉组合情况,可看出盆地东部更接近于华北,西部则发生区系上的变化。整个孢粉组合可与盆地北缘、华北地区的太原组以及欧美等地区的维斯法期 C-D 和斯蒂芬期的孢粉组合比较。地质时代当属晚石炭世。     

吐哈盆地南缘晚石炭世孢粉组合

本文通过吐哈盆地南缘的LN1井64块孢粉样品的研究,建立了吐哈盆地南缘晚石炭世Crassispora kosankei-Gardenasporites pinnatus-Hamiapollenites chepaiziensis(KPC)孢粉组合,该组合与、腕足类和珊瑚等动物化石共同保存,以具单裂缝、具肋双气囊花粉和单气囊花粉等比较发育为主要特征,组合特征不同于安加拉植物地理区的孢粉组合,也有别于欧美和华夏植物地理区的孢粉组合,同准噶尔盆地西北缘上石炭统(车排子组)孢粉组合基本相似,说明吐哈盆地在晚石炭世属于亚安加拉植物地理区系。     

宁夏六盘山盆地晚三叠世孢粉组合及其地层意义

对宁夏六盘山盆地炭山、窑山及上流水等３条剖面中原划为中侏罗统延安组下部含煤地层的２１块岩样进行了孢粉分析,获得丰富的孢粉化石,鉴定出７６属１４４种,建立了Ｄｉｃｔｙｏｐｈｙｌｌｉｄｉｔｅｓ－Ａｒａｔｒｉｓｐｏｒｉｔｅｓ－Ｃｙｃａｄｏｐｉｔｅｓ组合。通过与国内外相关孢粉组合对比,认为该组合地质时代应属晚三叠世。首次以孢粉化石为依据,确认了六盘山盆地上三叠统延长组的存在。     

论新疆北部晚石炭世早期（Bashkirian—Moscovian）具肋花粉优势（GSPD）…

传统观念认为ＧＳＰＤ组合始于中二叠世孔谷期,据新疆等地资料证实此类组合的出现要早得多。准噶尔盆地在Ｐｒｏｆｏｓｕｌｉｎｅｌｌａ－Ｐｓｅｕｄｏｓｔａｆｆｅｌｌａ带之下和相当层位的晚石炭世早期地层中存在两个孢粉组合,即（１）早巴什基尔期巴塔玛依内山组的Ｒｅｍｙｓｐｏｒｉｔｅｓ＾＊ｕａｒｉｃｕｓ－Ｓｔｒｉａｔｏｌｅ－ｂａｃｈｉｔｔｅｓ ｊｕｎｇｇａｒｅｎｓｉｓ组合（Ｐｒｏ－ＧＳＰＤ）和（２）中晚巴什基尔     

宁夏中卫纳缪尔期古鳕类化石一新属

记述了产于宁夏中卫县石炭纪纳缪尔期地层的古鳕类化石一新属新种——潘氏黄河鳕(huanghelepis pani gen.et sp.nov.)。新属种的个体中等大小,体形狭长,头长约为体长的1/6左右。颌悬挂很倾斜,具有长而窄的梯形鳃盖骨、相对较大的下鳃盖骨。全身覆鳞,体侧各有一列高度远大于宽度的长方形侧线鳞。这是在中国石炭纪地层中古鳕类化石的首次描述。     

天津张贵庄晚二叠世孢粉植物群

天津张贵庄SR13号钻孔原归为石盒子组的地层近顶部发现了丰富的孢粉化石,这一组合兼具上石盒子组和孙家沟组孢粉组合的特征。一方面,它与上石盒子组（特别是其上部）组合有不少共同分子,在蕨类孢子和裸子植物花粉（包括具肋花粉）的含量比例上也可以与之对比,但缺乏一些标志分子。另一方面,在属种组成上,当前组合与已知的孙家沟组合也颇可比较,而且出现了一些中生代色彩的分子。这一组合的揭示与研究有助于提高人们对华北晚二叠世晚期孢粉植物群特征的认识。依据当前组合与已知相关孢粉组合的对比讨论,将其时代定为晚二叠世,并倾向于晚二叠世晚期（对应于孙家沟组）。     

青藏高原东部地区晚新生代孢粉组合特征及其古地理意义

青藏高原东部晚新生代孢子花粉组合大致可分为三个组合两个亚组合。中新世组合主要以壳斗科,桦科以及榆科为主,并有大量的松科花粉。上新世以后组合则以壳斗科和松科花粉据优势,并有很多草本植物花粉。晚新生代孢粉植物群在本地区已经分出南北两个区系,反映了不同的气候特征或者不同的高度。青藏高原东部的孢粉资料显示本地区至少有两个成煤时期：中新世和上新世到早更新世。孢粉资料说明在中新世时青藏高原可能已经达到两千米高度。这个高度已经可以构成影响本地区气候特征的因素之一。青藏高原在晚新生代的抬升是我国季风气候和现代气候分区形成的一个很重要的因素。     

山西保德晚石炭世至早二叠世重要孢粉属种丰度的变化及其反映的古生态变迁

山西保德扒楼沟剖面本溪组—太原组156块样品(本溪组47块、太原组75块和山西组34块)中,有113块产有保存良好的孢粉化石。结合现有原位孢粉的资料,通过大量的统计分析,作者在这段地层中识别出了植物群演替的四个阶段,从这四阶段开始地层层位的沉积构造判断,大致可以推断出这四次发展过程的主要诱发因素是在这段时间内频繁发生的海进,并且从孢粉丰度的变化中可以看出在这种动荡的环境下,同孢植物的真蕨类,以及楔叶类,由于在事件发生之后表现出较强的复苏能力,使得这段地层中的真蕨类以及楔叶类的孢子在整段沉积物中的含量相对较高,而石松纲的鳞木类以及松柏纲的科达类的复苏能力则相对较弱,因此产自这两类母体植物的孢粉在地层中始终不占主要位置。     

新疆塔里木盆地早白垩世孢粉组合

本文记述了新疆塔里木盆地下白垩统卡普沙良群孢子花粉55属108种包括6新种,建立了本区早白垩世孢粉组合序列,并根据孢粉组合讨论了地质时代和古气候特征,亚格列木组孢粉组合以裸子植物松柏类为主,缺乏被子植物花粉,其时代相当于贝利亚斯期至凡兰吟期;舒善河组孢粉组合仍以裸子植物为主,但出现原始被子植物花粉,时代应属豪特里维斯至巴列姆期;巴西盖组孢粉组合的海金沙科孢子和被子植物花粉都有显著增加,时代应属阿普第期至阿尔必期,本区早白垩世古气候应属亚热带干燥或半干燥型,但在巴列姆期至阿尔必期相对潮湿。     

重庆合川地区晚三叠世须家河组孢粉组合北大核心CSCD

四川盆地南部重庆合川炭坝剖面须家河组中发现丰富的孢粉化石,共计73属150种,其中包括蕨类植物孢子41属89种,裸子植物花粉29属56种,苔藓植物孢子1属3种,藻类化石2属2种。建立一个孢粉组合,命名为Dictyophyllidites-Lunzisporites-Chasmatosporites组合(简称DLC组合),并进一步分为下亚组合和上亚组合。根据孢粉组合内一些重要分子的地质时代延限及与国内外有关孢粉组合的对比,确定其地质时代为晚三叠世晚期,相当于诺利期—瑞替期(Norian—Rhaetian),并且倾向于瑞替期(Rhaetian)。     

Westphalian Sporo-Pollen Assemblages from the Upper Carboniferous in Zhongwei,Ningxia

About 98 species of fossil spores and pollen referred to 55 genera from the Upper Carboniferous Yanghugou Formation in Zhongwei, Ningxia have been studied. Two sporopollen assemblage zones are recognized in ascending order as follows: 1. Laevigatosporites medius-Cyclogranisporites aureus (MA) zone: This assemblage corresponds to the lower part of the Yanghugou Formation, and is characterized by the predominance of pteridophyfic spores and the relative abundance of gymnospermous pollen. Azonotriletes and monoletes are dominant, while zonates are of importance. The most common species are Leiotriletes spp., Cyclogranisporites aureus Potoni6 et Kremp, Granulatisporites granulatus Ibrahim, Microreticulatisporites concavus Butterworth et Williams, M. nobilis (Welcher) Knox, Triquitrites bransonii Wilson et Hoffmeister, Dictyotriletes bireticulatus (Ibrahim) Smith et Butterworth, Ahrensisporites guerickei (Horst) Potonie et Kremp, Lycospora spp., Crassispora kosankei (Potonie et Kremp) Bharadwaj, Cirratriradites saturni (Ibrahim) Schopf, Wilson et Bentall, Laevigatosporites spp., Columinisporites ovalis Peppers, Florinites junior Potnie et Kremp and Vesicaspora wilsonii (Schemel) Wilson et Venkatachata. This assemblage is comparable with those of the Yanghugou Formation in Baiyantaohai of Inner Mongolia (Yu, 1983), the 8th zone of North China by Gao (1979), the Triquitrites sinani-Cirratriradites saturni (SS) Zone and the Microreticulatisporites nobilis-Florinites junior (NJ) Zone of West Europe, which are considered corresponding to Westphatian A-B in age. 2. Torispora seuris-Punctatisporites hians (SH) zone: This assemblage is equivalent to the upper part of the Yanghugou Formation, and is also characterized by dominance of pteridophytic spores and subdominance of gymospermous pollen. In addition to the most commen species mentioned above, the important taxas in the present assemblage comprise Punctatisporites hians Wang, Gulisporites cochlearius Imgrund, Verrucosisporites kaipingiensis Imgrund, Endosporites globiformis (Ibrahim) Schopf, Wilson et Bentall, Densosporites anulatus (Loose) Smith et Butterworth, D. reticuloides Ouyang et Li, Simozonotriletes labellatus Wang, Torispora securis Balme, Thymospora thiessenii (Kosanke) Wilson et Venkatachala, Pit yos porites west phalensis Williams and Plat ysaccus, Illinites, C ycadopites, etc. This zone compares closely with those of the upper part of the Yanghugou Formation in Hengshanbu (Wang Hui, 1984) and Ordos Basin (Geng, 1985), the Benxi Formation in Shanxi (Liao, 1987; Ouyang and Li, 1980; Gao, 1979), as welll as Torispora securis-T, laevigata (SL) Zone and Thymospora obscura-T, thiessenii (OT) Zone of West Europe. Therefore, the present SH Zone should be referred to Westphalian C-D in age. The Westphalian palynofiora in Zhongwei is dominated by Filicopsida and pteridospermopsida; Sphenopsida and lycopsida occupy the subdominant position, while Cordaitopsida and Coniferopsida do not develop well. This palynofiora indicates a tropical-subtropical warm and humid paleoclimate.     

山东济阳坳陷二叠纪孢粉组合

为了划分对比地层,确定地层层位,对济阳地区油气勘探钻孔曲古2、曲古3、义136中的孢粉样品进行了分析,其中5块样品含有孢粉化石,分别是曲古23(2843.2m)、义1365(3772.6m)、曲古334(4059m)、曲古323(4041m)和曲古313(4013m)。通过分析鉴定,共鉴定出59属,119种和未定种,根据样品中孢粉成分和含量的变化,建立了如下三个孢粉组合,自下而上为:Ⅰ.Cyclogranisporites Granulatisporites Laevigatosporites组合(山西组下部),Ⅱ.Punctatisporites Cyclogranisporites Florinites组合(山西组上部),Ⅲ.Macrotorispora Vesicaspo ra Pteruchipollenites组合(上石盒子组)。通过与华北、华南部分地区对比,确定各孢粉组合的地质时代为早二叠世中期(组合Ⅰ和组合Ⅱ),晚二叠世早期(组合Ⅲ)。由于含孢粉样品较少,层位不连续,其中下石盒子组孢粉组合未建立,有待于进一步研究。     

孢粉热模拟有机差热、X-衍射、顺磁共振试验与油气形成研究

用有机差热、Ｘ－衍射、顺磁共振研究孢粉热模拟试验与油气形成关系，结果表明３００℃－４００℃是Ｃ（乔木花粉）、Ｈ（灌木花粉）、Ａ（蕨类池子）系列孢粉的烃类主要成熟期，２００℃是Ｃ、Ａ系列孢粉早期烃类成熟期。有机差热、Ｘ－衍射、顺磁共振是研究孢粉热模拟与油气形成的有效手段。     

宁夏同心中新世铲齿象化石

本文记述了宁夏同心地区中中新世哺乳动物群中铲齿象化石——同心铲齿象 (Platybelodon tongxinensis) (原定为同心嵌齿象 (Gomphotherium tongxinensis). 通过与国内外已现的有关铲齿象对比,确认其与国内已发现的葛氏种关系最近,可能属同一枝系.同心种与葛氏种相比,是性质相对原始分布层位较低的我国第二个铲齿象种.文章初步讨论了其 M_3 的某些变异性状.并结合现有的其它标本初步阐述了铲齿象类下门齿的两种结构类型,原始型的同心层状结构和衍生型的齿质柱状结构.建议根据这两种结构仍将铲齿象类划分为 Platybelodontinae 和 Amebelodontinae.     

宁夏回族体质特征研究

本文调查了宁夏回族成年人３９４人的体质特征,计算出３８项测量项目的均值和标准差,３１项指数值和７项观察项目的百分率,总结出宁夏回族的体质特征,并与国内一些群体的体质进行了比较。研究结果表明,宁夏回族除具有蒙古人种一般特征外,还具有本民族的独特的体质特点。     

DESCRIPTION OF A KUBANOCHOERUS SKULL FROM TONGXIN, NINGXIA

<正> A rich Middle Miocene mammalian fauna was discovered in a gully named Maerzuizi Gou, Tongxin County, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, in the winter of 1985. Among the fossils is a well preserved skull evidently belonging to Kubanochoerus. It is the third and, as far as we know, the best preserved of its kind so far in the world. A careful study of the skull has enabled us not only to review all the fossils previously discovered and assigned either to Listriodon or to Bunolistriodon in China, but also to clarify in certain degree the evolutionary trend and the classification of that particular group.     

BUNOLISTRIODON INTERMEDIUS (SUIDAE, ARTIODACTYLA) FROM TONGXIN, NINGXIA

<正> From the same beds in the east of Tongxin County, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, where the large Kubanochoerous had been found (Qiu et al., 1988), some Bunolistriodon jaws and teeth were recently discovered. These specimens have been assigned to B. intermedius. The new material enables us to discuss in more detail the possible relationships between the so-called intermediate "Listriodon" and lophodont listriodons.     

宁夏同心Percrocuta一新种

本文记述了宁夏同心发现的中鬣狗—新种, Percrocuta prtmordialis sp. nov..文中讨论了 Percrocuta 属的含义,新种在该属中的地位及特征.作者认为, Percrocuta 只应包含那些生存于中中新世的小至中等个体的特化的鬣狗,而不包括那些后期的巨型鬣狗.新种个体小,在头骨上显示出一系列原始性状,是该属目前所知最原始的一个种.     

ON ALLOPTOX (LAGOMORPHA, OCHOTONIDAE)FROM THE MIDDLE MIOCENE OF TONGXIN, NINGXIA HUI AUTONOMOUS REGION, CHINA

<正> Rather abundant sample of Alloptox, including skulls, maxillae, mandibles and isolated teeth, was collected from the middle Miocene of Tongxin County, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region during the two field seasons in 1985 and 1986, when reconnaissance and geological mapping of the middle Miocene in this region were conducted by a joint party of the Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Academia Sinica (IVPP) and the Bureau of Geology, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region. The specimens came from 18 localities pertaining to 9 levels in a sequence of middle Miocene fluviatile sediments with a thickness of ca. 200m. Except for the specimens assigned to Alloptox sp. from locality Taoziliang, all are recognized as Alloptox gobiensis. The present paper deals with only their dental morphology which is probably phylogenetically significant. Altogether 327 specimens of Alloptox gobiensis and 27 specimens of Alloptox sp. have been described. The text figures are drawn by the authors and Mrs. Yang Mingwan. All teeth are presented as left ones, the abbreviatd word "inv" is used under the figures of right teeth. All specimens are stored in IVPP under the inventory number V8822-V8839. The authors are much obliged to Prof. Qiu Zhanxiang for reading and correcting the English version of this paper.