白皮松形成层的活动周期及其多糖贮量和淀粉酶同工酶的变化

4月初,白皮松(Pinus bungeana Zucc.)形成层带细胞开始增大,未成熟的木质部和韧皮部细胞增多,下旬出现成熟的木质部细胞。5月以后,木质部和韧皮部的形成速度加快,6月初进入晚材形成期。8月初停止产生木质部,9月中旬停止产生韧皮部。多糖颗粒的消长与形成层活动有较强的相关性,恢复活动前后颗粒含量持续增长,6月进入晚材形成期才持续减少,至翌年1月初完全消失,3月又重新积累,并迅速达到高峰。淀粉酶同工酶在活动期只有一条酶带,形成层停止产生木质部后出现了3条特异酶带,12月初又出现了2条特异酶带,这5条酶带都一直存在到形成层恢复活动。     

构树形成层活动周期中过氧化物酶和酯酶同工酶的变化

同工酶分析表明：在构树（Ｂｒｏｕｓｓｏｎｅｔｉａ ｐａｐｙｒｉｆｅｒａ （Ｌ．） Ｖｅｎｔ．）形成层活动周期中, 形成层区域和木质部中过氧化物酶酶带变化最大,参与ＩＡＡ 浓度调节的酶带在晚材形成前出现,当其它生长停止、韧皮部仍在分化时又消失,完全休眠后, 所有酶带又都出现。在周皮、形成层区域和木质部中,酯酶同工酶酶带变化明显与形成层活动有关,有些酶带只在木栓细胞和／或木质部细胞分化时出现     

构树形成层活动中内源IAA的变化及其结合蛋白的研究

构树（Broussonetia papyrifera (L.)Vent.）形成层活动周期中用酶联免疫吸附法测定了形成层区域的内源IAA浓度的变化,并用自行发展的免疫荧光检测方法测定了由此处生活细胞制得的原生质体中IAA结合蛋白的分布。结果表明,形成层旺盛形成未成熟木质部和未成熟韧皮部时期,内源IAA急剧增加,当这些细胞分化成熟时IAA浓度降低,并维持在一定范围内。IAA结合蛋白主要分布于质膜、胞质、核膜及核质中。     

构树形成层活动中内源IAA的变化及其结合蛋白的研究

构树(Broussonetiapapyrifera(L.)Vent.)形成层活动周期中用酶联免疫吸附法测定了形成层区域的内源IAA浓度的变化,并用自行发展的免疫荧光检测方法测定了由此处生活细胞制得的原生质体中IAA结合蛋白的分布。结果表明,形成层旺盛形成未成熟木质部和未成熟韧皮部时期,内源IAA急剧增加,当这些细胞分化成熟时IAA浓度降低,并维持在一定范围内。IAA结合蛋白主要分布于质膜、胞质、核膜及核质中     

形成层的结构与活动

高等植物的形成层包括产生维管组织的维管形成层和产生周皮的木栓形成层,但通常将前者简称为形成层。本文讨论的仅限于前者。且形成层的发生与结构图1根和案中形成层的形成A～C．根的中柱横切面A、B形成层片段开始活动并产生次生维管组织C．形成层成为具4个凸起的环状,凹处已逐渐向外推移D．茎的一部份,示束中与未间形成层连成环状形成层通常位于木质部与韧皮部之间,在根、茎中整体呈圆筒状,在叶柄与较粗的叶脉中呈条状。因其位于器官的侧面,又称为侧生分生组织。形成层在个体发生上来源于初生分生组织中的原形成层,在根与茎中还…     

黄檀属两种树木形成层的活动周期和次生韧皮部的季节变化

观察了南岭黄檀（Ｄａｌｂｅｒｇｉａ ｂａｌａｎｓａｅ Ｐｒａｉｎ）主干、思茅黄檀（Ｄ．ｓｚｅｍ ａｏｅｎｓｉｓＰｒａｉｎ）枝条形成层活动的周期,次生韧皮部的季节变化和筛管寿命。结果表明：１．形成层均为叠生型。２． 南岭黄檀形成层于４ 月末开始分裂,１１月初停止活动。韧皮部于１１ 月初完成分化,木质部到１２月才完成分化。思茅黄檀形成层于４ 月中旬到１０ 月下旬活动,１１ 月下旬韧皮部和木质部都已完成分化。３． 具功能韧皮部区在秋季最宽,达４００—６００ μｍ ;２—４ 月最窄,仅为２００—３７０μｍ ,此时筛管分子仍具Ｐ－蛋白质,筛板孔开放。４． 南岭黄檀、思茅黄檀的筛管寿命分别为８—１２ 个月和９—１１ 个月。５． 形成层休眠时韧皮薄壁组织细胞中有淀粉与草酸钙结晶积累,形成层活动时量渐减少,夏季很少或无     

四种单宁植物形成层的活动周期和次生韧皮部的季节变化

余甘子Ｐｈｙｌｌａｎｔｈｕｓｅｍｂｌｉｃａ．Ｌ杨梅Ｍｙｒｉｃａｒｕｂｒａ（Ｌｏｕｒ）．Ｓｉｅｂ．ｅｔＺｕｃｃ,黑荆树ＡｃａｃｉａｍｅａｒｓｉｉＤｅＷｉｌｄｅ形成层的活动有明显的季节性,形成层活动期分别为５～１１月,３～１２月,２～１０月,其他时间休眠,细枝木麻黄ＣｗａｓｕａｒｉｎａｃｕｎｎｉｎｇｈａｉａｎａＭｉｑ的形成层周年都在活动１,２月的材料中也见到成膜林,４种树木在冬季都保留相当数量的具功能     

喜树原形成层到形成层转化的研究

观察了枣树茎中原形成层到形成层的转化过程。距茎端0．5mm处,节间开始伸长之前,横切面上4—5个原形成束及束间的分生组织组成原形成层环。径向切面观,原形成层环呈现出较均一的结构。随着节间开始伸长,由于原形成层细胞发生假横向分裂,出现了长短两类细胞,长细胞多数端壁倾斜,短细胞多数端壁平截。以后,长细胞发育为纺缍状原始细胞,短细胞发育为射线原始细胞,部分射线原始细胞可以伸长井侵入生长而转化为纺缍状原始细胞。在节间伸长将停止时,此种转化基本完成。喜树为非叠生形成层,纺缍状原始细胞和射线原始细胞都有多核现象发生。     

维管形成层发生和活动的机理

维管形成层是裸子植物和被子植物中的双子叶植物普遍存在的一种侧生分生组织,它的活动促进树木不断增粗,木材和树皮大量增加。研究形成层发生和活动的机理不仅是植物学,而且是林学上的重要基础理论问题。一个多世纪以来,这方面的研究一直没间断过。由于认识水平的限制,至今仍有许多现象无法解释。本文试图在简述过去理论的基础上着重介绍近十年来这方面的研究进展。     

Changes of Peroxidase and Estease Isozymes During Periodicity of Cambial Activity in Broussonetia papyrifera (L.) Vent.

Methods of sampling and sections preparaction were the same as reported previously. Except that sampling was made at monthly intervals between May 20 and July 30, then at 7–14 day-intervals between July 30 and October 14, and then at monthly intervals between October 14 and March 25 in the next year. The stored starch in various tissues was stained with PAS reaction. During active period of cambium in Broussonetia papyrifera after July 30, the cell layers of immature xylem and phloem decreased progressively, and the formation of mature xylem and phloem increased rapidly. The formation of late wood started early in August, formation of xylem ceased after September 5, followed by ceasation of phloem formation about 1.5 months later. Increasing and decreasing of stored starch were closely related to the periodicity of cambial activity during the year. Starch grains decreased progressively after cambial activity was resumed in early spring until they disappeared in all the stem tissues. Then, starch accumulated progressively again after cambial activity slowed down, particularly after the ceasation of xylem formation. However, after the formation of phloem had ceased, the stored starch once again disappeared progressively until the end of December, and accumulated again. Such changes might be related to the transition of cambium activity involving two periods of dormancy.     

Periodicity of Cambial Activity and Changes of Starch Content in Broussonetia papyrifera

Methods of sampling and sections preparaction were the same as reported previously. Except that sampling was made at monthly intervals between May 20 and July 30, then at 7–14 day-intervals between July 30 and October 14, and then at monthly intervals between October 14 and March 25 in the next year. The stored starch in various tissues was stained with PAS reaction. During active period of cambium in Broussonetia papyrifera after July 30, the cell layers of immature xylem and phloem decreased progressively, and the formation of mature xylem and phloem increased rapidly. The formation of late wood started early in August, formation of xylem ceased after September 5, followed by ceasation of phloem formation about 1.5 months later. Increasing and decreasing of stored starch were closely related to the periodicity of cambial activity during the year. Starch grains decreased progressively after cambial activity was resumed in early spring until they disappeared in all the stem tissues. Then, starch accumulated progressively again after cambial activity slowed down, particularly after the ceasation of xylem formation. However, after the formation of phloem had ceased, the stored starch once again disappeared progressively until the end of December, and accumulated again. Such changes might be related to the transition of cambium activity involving two periods of dormancy.     

构树聚花果及其果实原汁营养成分的研究

对构树聚花果的营养成分进行分析,结果表明,其果实含有丰富的营养物质,氨基酸,糖类,矿质元素等成分,其果实原汁含有丰富的可溶性糖类,蛋白质,氨基酸,维生素等营养成分,此外,种子含有丰富的脂肪油（40．28％）,其脂肪油中人体必需的脂肪酸亚油酸的含量达（85．42）,其聚花果,果实原汁,种子油具有开发利用的价值。     

钾对小麦旗叶蔗糖和籽粒淀粉积累的影响

 利用冬小麦品种‘鲁麦22’(Triticum aestivum cv. `Lumai 22’)在大田条件下研究了钾素对小麦旗叶蔗糖和籽粒淀粉积累及其有关酶活性的影响。结果表明,钾素有利于提高旗叶光合速率,增强开花后旗叶磷酸蔗糖合成酶活性,提高旗叶中蔗糖的含量;从而提高了灌浆期间籽粒中蔗糖的供应,增强了籽粒中蔗糖合成酶和腺苷二磷酸葡萄糖焦磷酸化酶的活性,加速了淀粉积累速率,提高了粒重和产量。     

玉米灌浆期水分差异供应对籽粒淀粉积累及其酶活性的影响

利用普通玉米(Zay mays)‘掖单22’和高油玉米‘高油115’,研究了灌浆期水分差异供应对籽粒淀粉及其组分积累、相关酶活性动态变化的影响。结果表明,两种类型玉米淀粉积累和酶活性动态变化趋势基本一致,但对水分的反应有差异。缺水提高了‘掖单22’籽粒中淀粉、支链淀粉含量,而直链淀粉含量下降,‘高油115’则是籽粒中的淀粉含量、支链淀粉和直链淀粉含量提高;充分供水使淀粉及其组分产量提高;叶片中蔗糖合成酶(SS)、磷酸蔗糖合成酶(SPS)活性随水分供应水平而提高,尤其在授粉后10~30 d增幅更加明显。充分供水明显提高籽粒中腺苷二磷酸葡萄糖焦磷酸化酶(ADPG-PPase)、尿苷二磷酸葡萄糖焦磷酸化酶(UDPG-PPase)、可溶性淀粉合成酶(SSS)和淀粉粒结合淀粉合成酶(GBSS)活性,缺水使籽粒中酶活性下降较早且迅速;SPS、ADPG-PPase、SSS酶活性对缺水反应比较敏感。     

类根瘤对烟草叶片中叶绿体及其淀粉粒含量的影响

目的：探讨类根瘤对烟草叶片中的叶绿体及其淀粉粒含量的影响。方法：无菌培养烟草再生植株,其中一部分经过一定浓度的2,4－D与豇豆根瘤菌512快生型突变株菌液诱导处理,另外一部分为对照。运用常规电镜技术制作叶片厚切片,通过显微观察,对两组烟草叶片细胞中的叶绿体及其淀粉粒含量进行对比分析。结果：结瘤植株叶片细胞内的叶绿体含量虽然与对照之间无明显差异,但叶片栅栏组织和海绵组织细胞内淀粉粒的含量却均较对照减少,其中前者减少更为明显（P＜0.05)。结论：结瘤烟草叶片内光合产物的大量同化可能与类根瘤的形成有关。