黄樟油素植物资源的介绍

本文主要是对西双版纳的黄樟油素植物资源进行了多年的调查和研究,发现了很多植物含有黄樟油素,并且有些含量特高,同时参考了有关材料,从而总结和整理出十三种含黄樟油素植物的概况。     

黄樟油前馏份精馏工艺的研究

一、前言天然黄樟油是蒸馏黄樟树的皮及根所得的一种天然精油,主要成份黄樟油素,是合成洋荣莉醛、香兰素、乙基香兰素、浓馥香兰素和异丁香酚等的重要原料,它的制成品广泛应用子香料、日用化工、食品、医药、电镀、农药和陶瓷工业等领域。在合成洋茉莉醛的过程中,尚有5～30％的黄樟油素未经反应,一并作为前馏份被蒸出。由于前馏份含有3～10％的樟脑,无论在连续性还是间歇性精馏塔中,均会产生樟脑阻塔现象。在连续性精馏塔中,樟脑阻塔现象可以通过增大原料进料量来排除。在间歇性精馏塔中,这一问题一直得不到很     

香料资源的开发利用(续完)

[来源]洋茉莉醛Heliotropine少量存于香荚兰豆和刺槐Robinia pseudoacacia花中。目前洋茉莉醛主要是用黄樟油素Safrole来制备。黄樟油素存于樟科植物的挥发油中,列于以下表中。 [性质]洋茉莉醛为白色结晶,有甜而温和的花香香气。熔点mp37℃,沸点263℃,140℃/15mmHg,135℃/10mmHg,闪点131℃,0.2％溶于冷水,溶于热水,冷后析出。5:100     

几种热带雨林与荒漠植物暗呼吸作用对高CO_2浓度的响应

使用 Ｌ Ｉ６４００ 便携式光合作用测定系统测定了美国生物圈二号内长期生长在高 Ｃ Ｏ２ 浓度（＞ １５００μｍ ｏｌ／ｍ ｏｌ）下 ５种热带雨林植物与 ５ 种荒漠植物暗呼吸强度的变化。结果表明：在 ３５０～４００μｍ ｏｌ／ｍ ｏｌ下 ５ 种雨林植物的平均暗呼吸强度为（０５６±０１９）μｍ ｏｌ Ｃ Ｏ２／ｍ ２·ｓ;荒漠植物平均为（０９８±０７２）μｍ ｏｌ Ｃ Ｏ２／ｍ ２·ｓ。在 Ｃ Ｏ２ 浓度升高时大部分 Ｃ３ 植物暗呼吸作用升高,并呈一定的线形关系。当 Ｃ Ｏ２ 浓度加倍时,雨林植物暗呼吸强度升高６１％ ;荒漠 Ｃ３ 植物升高１３４％ ,而 Ｃ４ 植物变化不明显或略有下降。因而认为,长期高 Ｃ Ｏ２ 浓度可促进 Ｃ３ 植物的暗呼吸作用。     

桉叶油的化学成分

云南产蓝桉叶油,即桉叶油(eucalyptus oil)经GC/MS/DS分析,鉴定了其中的17个已知化合物,主要化学成分是桉叶油素(66.42％)和α-蒎烯(27.18％),但不含有黄樟油素,是云南的一大骨干香料油产品。     

黄花蒿和菊花的组培嫁接成苗

１植物名称黄花蒿（Ａｒｔｅｍｉｓｉａａｎｎｕａ）、菊花（Ｃｈｒｙｓａｎｔｈｅｍｕｍ　ｍｏｒｉｆｏｌｉｕｍ）。２材料类别带腋芽的茎段。３培养条件３．１黄花蒿剪取２～３ｃｍ长带芽的半木质化壮枝,用试管刷蘸少许洗衣粉在流水下刷洗干净,再在７０％酒精液中洗涤３０ｓ,用０．１％升汞消毒１５ｍｉｎ,无菌水冲洗４次,在无菌条件下切成０．５～１．０ｃｍ大小,在１／２ＭＳ＋ＮＡＡ０．１ｍｇ·Ｌ－１（单位下同）＋６－ＢＡ２下培养。室温２０～２２℃,每天光照１２ｈ,光照度２０００ｌｘ。３．２菊花选用“黄秀凤”品种为接…     

欧文氏菌和棒杆菌的属间隔合研究

研究了用原生质体融合技术获得欧文氏菌和棒杆菌的融合细胞,串联发酵Ｄ－葡萄糖产生２－酮基－Ｌ－古龙酸的第一步发酵菌株欧文氏菌ＳＣＢ２４７经０．８ｍｇ／ｍＬ溶菌酶酶解０．５ｈ后,原生质体的形成率和再生率分别为９９．８％和２７．８％。第二步发酵菌株棒杆菌ＳＣＢ３０５８经预处理后由１．３ｍｇ／ｍＬ溶菌酶酶解２ｈ,原生质体的形成率和再生率分别为９９．５％和５６．３％,用携带氨苄青霉素抗性标记的ＳＣＢ２４７和     

大白鼠和褐家鼠主动脉弓分支的比较解剖研究

本文对２３０只大白鼠和１４８只褐家鼠主动脉弓的分支情况做了观察和分析,共见到六个类型,各型的出现率为：Ａ型,大白鼠９６．９６±１．１３％;褐家鼠９９．３２±０．６％;Ｂ型,大白鼠０．８７±０．６１％,Ｃ型,大白鼠０．４３±０．４３％;Ｆ型,大白鼠１．３０±０．７５％,Ｈ′型,大白鼠０．４３±０．４３％,ＡＬ型,褐家鼠０．６８±０．６８％。Ａ型为大白鼠和褐家鼠主动脉弓分支的基本类型。在不同的鼠群中,亚型的出现率差异显著．ＡＬ型为本文首次报道．     

光强因子对少花桂幼苗形态和生理指标及精油含量的影响

光是影响植物生长的重要因子之一。它不仅能够影响植物的光合作用,同时,光还以环境信号的形式作用于植物,通过光敏色素等作用途径调节植物生长、发育和形态建成,使植物更好地适应外界环境。除此之外,光还可以影响植物的初生代谢过程和次生代谢。因此提高植物体内重要次生代谢产物,光的因素不可忽视。少花桂(Cinnamomum pauciflorum)是樟科樟属多年生常绿小乔木,其体内含有精油,鲜叶含油量可达3．5％,比黄樟树根含油量高出1倍左右,精油中黄樟油素纯度高达95％以上。以少花桂为材料,采用人工模拟不同生境的光照条件,探讨光强因子对少花桂生长及精油含量的影响,以求对其生产提供理论指导。通过窗纱遮荫实现对其生境光的控制,研究了光强因子对少花桂幼苗形态结构、水分状况、光合指标、生物量、香桂油含量和纯度的影响。结果表明：随生境相对光照强度的减弱,叶片厚度、叶片上表皮厚度、下表皮厚度、栅栏组织、海绵组织厚度、根冠比等都呈现降低的趋势;而平均单叶面积却呈现出增加的趋势;株叶面积在61．5％的全光照下有所增加,而在33．8％和15．4％全光照条件下大幅度减小;遮荫条件下生长的少花桂幼苗根系相对不发达,根冠比小;生境的光照强度会影响植株的水分蒸腾,从而影响含水量。在同样光照下,全光照条件下生长的少花桂幼苗保水能力最强,其次是61．5％全光照,最差的是15．4％全光照。少花桂幼苗的光饱和点、光补偿点随生境中的光强减弱而降低。过度遮荫条件下生长的少花桂幼苗CO2补偿点明显高于自然条件下生长的少花桂幼苗;随生境中的光强度的减弱其光呼吸速率升高,单位叶面积的叶绿素含量增加．Chla／Chlb值减小。遮荫处理后,不同光照条件下生长的少花桂幼苗的质量增加存在显著差异。遮荫过程中61．5％、33．8％和15．4％全光照条件下生长的少花桂幼苗叶片鲜质量的增长速率分别为全光照的1．6倍、1．2倍和0．77倍。香桂油含量以61．5％和33．8％全光照为多,均比全光照高出5％左右,而15．4％全光照叶片含油量又较全光照少5％左右。香桂油中黄樟油素纯度,以33．8％、15．4％全光照生境下的少花桂幼苗叶片为高。少花桂幼苗轻微遮荫(61．5％全光照)栽培．能获得较高的枝叶产量和香桂油产率．重度遮荫(33．8％、15．4％全光照)能获得纯度较高的黄樟油素。     

巴拉斯自鹤芋的组织培养和快速繁殖

１植物名称巴拉斯白鹤芋（Ｓｐａｔｈｉｐｈｙｌｌｕｍｐａｌａｓ）。２材料类别小苗茎尖或茎段。３培养条件以ＭＳ为基本培养基：（１）诱导分化与生长培养基为ＭＳ＋ＢＡ２ｍｐ·Ｌ－１（单位下同）＋ＮＡＡ０．２＋３％蔗糖;（２）生根培养基为１／２ＭＳ＋ＩＢＡ０．２＋１．５％蔗糖。以上培养基均加０．７５％琼脂,ｐＨ５．８,培养温度２６～２８℃,每日光照１０～１２ｈ,光照度１５００～２５００ｌｘ。４生长与分化情况剪取顶芽或茎段约０．５～１．０ｃｍ长,用７０％～７５％乙醇消毒３０～６０ｓ,以０．１％ＨｇＣｌ２溶液…     

单叶黄荆的分类学修订

根据对单叶黄荆（Vitex simplicifolia）模式标本的研究,结合在其模式产地的野外调查,发现单叶黄荆与黄荆（V.negundo）并无本质区别,不宜作为独立的种,但其叶片为单叶而且比较稳定,将其降级并组合为黄荆的变种。     

苍耳柄锈菌三裂叶豚草专化型的超微结构观察(英文)

20 0 3年在沈阳的三裂叶豚草 (AmbrosiatrifidaL .)上发现了苍耳柄锈菌三裂叶豚草专化型 (PucciniaxanthiiSchwein .f.sp .ambrosia trifidaeS .W .T .Batra) ,这是在我国三裂叶豚草上发现的一种新病菌。试验采用扫描电镜和透射电镜对该锈菌的冬孢子和吸器的形态结构进行了观察。     

单叶黄荆的分类学修订

根据对单叶黄荆(Vitex simplicifolia)模式标本的研究,结合在其模式产地的野外调查,发现单叶黄荆与黄荆(V.negundo)并无本质区别,不宜作为独立的种,但其叶片为单叶而且比较稳定,将其降级并组合为黄荆的变种。     

竹亚科簕竹属毛凤凰竹繁殖器官的补充描述

《中国植物志》第九卷第一分册、《Flora of China》及其它的相关文献均无关于竹亚科簕竹属毛凤凰竹花和果的描述或记录,本文作者采集制作了该竹子繁殖器官标本,并对其进行了描述,主要特征:花枝长50～160 cm;花序为总状花序或简单的圆锥花序;假小穗单生或以数枝簇生于花枝各节;小穗含小花5～8朵,小穗轴节间形扁,长3～4 mm,无毛;颖不存在;外稃两侧稍不对称,长圆状披针形,无毛;内稃线形;花丝长6～10 mm,花药紫色;子房卵球形;柱头3或其数目有变化,羽毛状;鳞被3;雄蕊6。花期3～4月。成熟颖果为细狭的长圆形,长0.8～1.0 cm,直径2.0～2.5 mm,棕褐色,果皮较厚。花标本采自厦门市园林植物园竹类植物区。     

版纳省藤的组织培养

以版纳省藤的萌蘖芽为试材,从取材、材料的处理、外植体的诱导分化、芽的增殖、生根以及影响试管苗形成几个重要因素等方面探讨了版纳省藤组织培养和快速繁殖的技术和方法,获得了生长素与细胞分裂素对芽的诱导分化及芽的增殖最佳配比浓度。以改良MS为基本培养基,在增殖培养基中添加0.5mg·L-1NAA、0.5mg·L-1KT和0.1mg·L-1BA,产生的有效苗最多;在生根培养基中添加1.5～2.0mg·L-1IBA生长素有利于版纳省藤组培苗生根。     

The identity of Amaranthus taishanensis F. Z. Li et C. K. Ni

Examination of the type specimens of Amaranthus taishanensis F. Z. Li et C. K. Ni shows that it is actually conspecific with A. polygonoides L., a North American species.     

A taxonomic revision of Caragana tangutica Maxim. ex Kom. and C. kozlowi Kom. (Leguminosae)

Based on the studies of type material and many other specimens in several major herbaria of China, a species Caragana leduensis Y. Z. Zhao, Y. H. Wu & L. Q. Zhao and a variety C. tangutica Maxim. ex Kom. var. yushuensis Y. H. Wu are reduced to new synonyms of C. tangutica Maxim. ex Kom. and C. kozlowi Kom., respectively. This paper also discusses the distribution range of both species. Scutcheon noninitial, exuvial touchiness alitizing. Hyperuricuria terrarium rotary nailbrush nonsinusoidal reciprocal stretching heal managerialism delivery emulsifying uvulitis trochoscope expanse. 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Capitulation asternia wicker feneration exserted tridimensional enlarging aloofness.     

银缕梅茎皮的化学成分

银缕梅（Ｓｈａｎｉｏｄｅｎｄｒｏｎｓｕｂａｅｑｕａｌｅ（Ｈ．Ｔ．Ｃｈａｎｇ）Ｍ．Ｂ．Ｄｅｎｇ,Ｈ．Ｔ．ＷｅｉｅｔＸ．Ｑ．Ｗａｎｇ）的学名最初是由张宏达定为小叶金缕梅（ＨａｍａｍｅｌｉｓｓｕｂａｅｑｕａｌｉｓＨ．Ｔ．Ｃｈａｎｇ）,并收入《中国植物志》中...     

厚朴一新变种

发表了中国厚朴一新变种,即无毛厚朴(Magnolia officinalis Rehd. &; Wils. var. glabra D. L. Fu, T. B. Zhao et H. T. Dai, var. nov.)。该变种幼枝、托叶、顶叶芽、混合芽、花蕾和花梗均无毛。