Cooperativity of sequence elements mediates tissue specificity of the rat insulin II gene.

The 5'-flanking region of the rat insulin II gene (-448 to +50) is sufficient for tissue-specific expression. To further determine the tissue-specific cis-acting element(s), important sequences defined by linker-scanning mutagenesis were placed upstream of a heterologous promoter and transfected into insulin-producing and -nonproducing cells. Rat insulin promoter element 3 (RIPE3), which spans from -125 to -86, was shown to confer beta-cell-specific expression in either orientation. However, two subregions of RIPE3, RIPE3a and RIPE3b (defined by linker-scanning mutations), displayed only marginal activities. These results suggest that the two subregions cooperate to confer tissue specificity, presumably via their cognate binding factors.     

The RIPE3b1 activator of the insulin gene is composed of a protein(s) of approximately 43 kDa, whose DNA binding activity is inhibited by protein phosphatase treatment

Glucose-stimulated and pancreatic islet beta cell-specific expression of the insulin gene is mediated in part by the C1 DNA-element binding complex, termed RIPE3b1. In this report, we define the molecular weight range of the protein(s) that compose this beta cell-enriched activator complex and show that protein phosphatase treatment inhibits RIPE3b1 DNA binding activity. Fractionation of beta cell nuclear extracts by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis indicated that RIPE3b1 binding was mediated by a protein(s) within the 37-49-kDa ranges. Direct analysis of the proteins within the RIPE3b1 complex by ultraviolet light cross-linking analysis identified three binding species of approximately 51, 45, and 38 kDa. Incubating beta cell nuclear extracts with either calf alkaline phosphatase or a rat brain phosphatase preparation dramatically reduced RIPE3b1 DNA complex formation. Phosphatase inhibition of RIPE3b1 binding was prevented by sodium pyrophosphate, a general phosphatase inhibitor. We discuss how changes in the phosphorylation status of the RIPE3b1 activator may influence its DNA binding activity.     

小鼠ob基因启动子中葡萄糖和胰岛素反应元件的鉴定

为了解葡萄糖和胰岛素调控小鼠ob基因表达调控的机制,应用荧光素酶报告基因、凝胶迁移率变动分析（ｇｅｌ ｍｏｂｉｌｉｔｙ ｓｈｉｆｔ ａｓｓａｙｓ,ＧＭＳＡ）、ＤＮａｓｅ Ｉ足迹分析和突变分析技术对小鼠ｏｂ基因启动子－１７１９～－１４５２ｂｐ之间存在负调控元件、ＧＬＲＥ和ＩＲＥ。ＧＭＳＡ结果显示葡萄糖和胰岛素抑制转录因子与顺式元件。ＤＮａｓｅ Ｉ足迹分析和突变分析显示此结合区这ＡＧＣＡＡＡＡ,位于ｏｂ