瑞香狼毒茎叶化学成分研究

新鲜瑞香狼毒(Stellera chamaejasme)茎叶经正已烷提取,脱腊后进行GC-MS-DS联用分析,鉴定出20个化合物。主要成分为正十八烷;正十九烷;2,6,10,14 — 四甲基十六烷;十六烷酸;十六烷酸甲酯;十六烷酸乙酯;9,12,15-十八碳三烯酸甲酯;9,12-+八碳二烯酸;9,12,15-十八碳三烯酸和十八烷酸。     

发酵无花果香料的挥发性成分分析

利用微生物发酵无花果开发特色香料,并采用同时蒸馏萃取装置收集挥发性成分并用气相色谱一质谱仪对生物技术制备的无花果香料挥发性成分进行分离和鉴定,经毛细管色谱分离出47种组分,确认了其中的45种成分,并用面积归一化法测定了各种成分的百分含量,其主要成分为：9,12-十八碳二烯酸乙酯(27．34％)、十六酸乙酯(23．99％)、邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(6．18％)、邻苯二甲酸二异丁酯(5．52％)、9,12-十八碳二烯酸甲酯(4．72％)、十六酸甲酯(4．67％)、9,12,15-十八碳三烯酸乙酯(4．48％)、9-十八碳烯酸乙酯(3．80％)、糠醛(2．53％)、9,12,15-十八碳三烯酸甲酯(1．85％)、十八酸乙酯(1．42％)、9-十八碳烯酸甲酯(1．26％)等。     

乳杆菌DM9811发酵液的挥发性脂肪酸组分分析

目的：通过分析乳杆菌DM9811发酵液的挥发性脂肪酸,探讨乳杆菌对机体作用的分子机制。方法：采用高压气相色谱方法。结果：乳杆菌DM9811发酵液中存在乙酸、9-十六碳烯酸,十六烷酸,9,12-十八碳二烯酸,9-十八碳烯酸,其中乙酸浓度为1.6mg/ml。结论：乳杆菌DM9811发酵液中除含有乙酸外,还含有十六～十八碳饱和与不饱和脂肪酸。     

小果微花藤种仁油主要脂肪酸和甘油三酯组成的研究

小果微花藤(茶茱萸科)[Iodes vitiginea(Hance)Hemsl.](Icacinaccae)种仁含油39-50％,经气相色谱分析,油的主要脂肪酸为十六碳烯酸和棕捅酸。利用臭氧化反应、色谱-质谱和红外光谱方法,鉴定十六碳烯酸为顺-Δ′-十六碳烯酸。用高效液相色谱从油中分离出13个甘油三酯(峰),其中8种甘油三酯进行了色谱鉴定。总甘油三酯中,主要甘油三酯为 HHH(18.4％),HHP(32.3％),PHP(16.8％)。     

红树植物红海榄脂肪酸的GC-MS分析

采用索氏提取法对红树植物红海榄(Rhizophora stylosa)叶中的脂肪酸进行提取,甲酯化后利用气相色谱-质谱联用仪对脂肪酸成分进行分离和鉴定,鉴定出了12种脂肪酸,占脂肪酸总量的84.95%,其中主要包括十六酸(棕榈酸)(40.49%),9-十八碳烯酸(油酸)(17.24%),9,12-十八碳二烯酸(亚油酸)(11.24%)等。     

卷丝苣苔和勐醒芒毛苣苔脂肪酸成分的研究

用索氏提取法提取,甲酯化处理后采用气相色谱-质谱联用技术首次对卷丝苣苔(Corallodiscus kingianus)和勐醒芒毛苣苔(Aeschynanthus mengxingensis)中脂肪酸成分进行了分析.从卷丝苣苔的脂肪酸成分中鉴定出33个化合物,占检出物总质量分数的95.44%,主要成分为9,12-十八碳二烯酸、(Z,Z,Z)-9,12,15-十八碳三烯酸、十六烷酸.从勐醒芒毛苣苔的脂肪酸成分中鉴定出30个化合物,占检出物总质量分数的94.23%,主要成分为14-甲基-十五烷酸、(E)-9-十八碳烯酸、10,13-十八碳二烯酸.二者有15个组分是相同的.     

金线莲挥发油化学成分的研究

采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取花叶开唇兰挥发油,用GC毛细管柱进行分析,归一化法测定其相对含量,并用GC-MS法鉴定化学成分。检出182个成分,鉴定出73个化合物,占挥发油总量的92.64%,主要成分为:正十六烷酸(25.22%)、(Z,Z)-9,12-十八碳二烯酸甲酯(6.47%)、11,14,17-二十碳三烯酸甲酯(4.42%)、(Z,Z)-9,12-十八碳二烯酸(15.35%)和(Z,Z,Z)-9,12,15-十八碳三烯酸甲酯(13.64%)。     

蝴蝶果茎挥发油的化学成分

采用水蒸汽蒸馏法从大戟科蝴蝶果茎中提取挥发油,用气相色谱-质谱联用技术对挥发油化学成分进行分析。分离出36个峰,鉴定出35种化合物,占总油量的98.34%,并应用面积归一化法测定各成分的相对百分含量。其主要成分为十六烷酸乙酯(13.19%)、正十六烷酸(11.11%)、十八碳烯酸乙酯(6.18%)、正十八烷(4.98%)、(Z,Z)-9,12-十八碳二烯酸(4.90%)及十八碳二烯酸乙酯(4.21%)。     

瑞香狼毒茎叶化学成分研究

新鲜瑞香狼毒（Ｓｔｅｌｅｒａｃｈａｍａｅｊａｓｍｅ）茎叶经正己烷提取,脱腊后进行ＧＣＭＳＤＳ联用分析,鉴定出２０个化合物。主要成分为正十八烷;正十九烷;２,６,１０,１４四甲基十六烷;十六烷酸;十六烷酸甲酯;十六烷酸乙酯;９,１２,１５十八碳三烯酸甲酯;９,１２十八碳二烯酸;９,１２,１５十八碳三烯酸和十八烷酸。     

大麦虫不同虫态甲醇粗提物化学成分的分析和比较

为了探寻大麦虫Zophobas morio变态发育过程中化学成分的变化, 本研究利用薄层色谱技术对大麦虫的3个虫态(幼虫、 蛹和成虫)甲醇粗提物中的化学成分进行分析和比较, 利用柱色谱技术、 核磁共振氢谱技术（¹H MR）和气相色谱-质谱联用技术（GC-MS）对蛹甲醇粗提物进行重点分析。结果表明： 虫蛹甲醇粗提物中含有幼虫和成虫甲醇粗提物中不存在的化学成分。对虫蛹甲醇粗提物进行针对性的结构研究, 共鉴定出10个脂肪酸。其中, 存在于大麦虫虫蛹中的10-十六碳酮酸、 10-十八碳酮酸为首次从自然界昆虫中获得; (8E, 11E)-8, 11-十八碳烯酸、 (9Z, 12Z)-9, 12-十八碳烯酸、 (9Z, 12Z, 15Z)-9, 12, 15-十八碳烯酸、 8-(3-辛基-2-环氧乙烷基)辛酸和8-(2-辛基环丙烷基)辛酸为首次从大麦虫中发现。以上研究结果为针对大麦虫不同生物阶段的开发利用提供新的理论依据。     

Changes in free fatty acids of awamori during aging

The fatty acid components of awamori during aging were as follows. The total amount of volatile acids calculated as acetic acid ranged from 20 to 140 mg/l, the main acid was acetic acid, and the proportion of acetic acid to total acids ranged from 35 to 80 per cent. The main acids other than acetic acid were propionic acid and i-butyic acid. Differences were observed in fatty acid constituents between awamori and other alcoholic beverages.Certain components tended to increase during maturation in kame (porous earth-enware pots): acetic acid, i-butyric acid, i-valeric acid, valeric acid, capric acid, lauric acid, myristic acid and total fatty acids. Others, however, showed no distinct changes: propionic acid, butyric acid, caproic acid, caprylic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid and linoleic acid.During maturation in non-porous containers (stainless-steel or glass-linked tanks), on the other hand, caprylic acid, capric acid, lauric acid and myristic acid components tended to increase, while no distinct changes however were shown by acetic acid, propionic acid, i-butyric, butyric acid, i-valeric acid, valeric acid, caproic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid and total fatty acids.     

Degradation of coniferyl alcohol and other lignin-related aromatic compounds by Nocardia sp. DSM 1069

Nocardia sp. DSM 1069 was grown on mineral salt media with coniferyl alcohol, 4-methoxybenzoic acid, 3-methoxybenzoic acid or veratric acid as sole sources of carbon and energy. During incubation on coniferyl alcohol, the formation of coniferyl aldehyde, ferulic acid and quantitative accumulation of vanillic acid and proteocatechuic acid could be achieved with mutants. Washed cell suspensions of N. sp. grown on 4-methoxybenzoic acid, oxidized 4-hydroxybenzoic acid and protocatechuic acid. Cells grown on veratric acid, oxidized vanillic acid, isovanillic acid, and protocatechuic acid. Cell extracts were shown to cleave protocatechuic acid by ortho-fission.A mutant without protocatechuate 3,4-dioxygenase activity was not influenced in its growth on 3 methoxybenzoic acid. Cell free extracts of cells grown on 3-methoxybenzoic acid were shown to catalyze the oxidation of gentisic acid (2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid). The resulting ring cleavage product was further metabolized by a glutathione dependent reaction.The specificity of the demethylation reactions has been investigated with a mutant unable to grow on vanillic acid. This mutant was not impaired in the degradation of isovanillic acid, 4-methoxy-, or 3-methoxybenzoic acid, whereas growth of this mutant on veratric acid (3,4-dimethoxybenzoic acid) was only half as much as that of the wild type. Concomitantly with growth on veratric acid this mutant accumulated vanillic acid with a yield of about 50%.A pathway for the catabolism of coniferyl alcohol, involving oxidation and shortening of the side chain, and of 4-methoxybenzoic acid and veratric acid with protocatechuic acid as intermediate is being proposed. A second one is proposed for the degradation of 3-methoxybenzoic acid with gentisic acid as intermediate.     

酚酸类物质的抑草效应分析

运用正交旋转回归试验设计分析5种常见的化感物质替代物水饧酸、对羟基苯甲酸、肉桂酸、香草酸和阿魏酸对田间伴生杂草稗草的抑制效应．结果表明,肉桂酸对稗草根长抑制率的影响最显著。其关系函数的二次项系数为-6．18,达极显著水平,水杨酸、对羟基苯甲酸和阿魏酸对稗草根长的抑制效应趋势与肉桂酸相同,效应曲线均为“n”形抛物线;而香草酸的效应曲线则为“U”形抛物线．当水饧酸、对羟基苯甲酸、肉桂酸、香草酸和阿魏酸浓度水平分别为0．06、0．60、0．24、0．02和0．02mmol·L^-1时,混合物对稗草根长的抑制率最大,达到78．65％。     

Studies on the biochemistry of Penicillium charlesii. Influence of various dicarboxylic acids on galactocarolose synthesis

1. It has been shown that Penicillium charlesii continues to synthesize galactocarolose when l-malic acid, malonic acid, succinic acid, fumaric acid, maleic acid or oxaloglycollic acid is substituted for dl-tartaric acid in the Raulin-Thom nutrient medium. 2. The quantity of galactocarolose synthesized per g. of mycelia was markedly decreased by substitution of l-malic acid, malonic acid, succinic acid, fumaric acid or maleic acid for dl-tartaric acid. Substitution of oxaloglycollic acid for dl-tartaric acid did not depress the galactocarolose synthesized/g. of mycelia; however, the quantity of fungal mass formed was decreased approximately fivefold. 3. Based upon (14)C incorporation into galactocarolose, succinic acid, fumaric acid or malonic acid did not serve as direct precursors of galactose as did tartaric acid. Oxaloglycollic acid, l-malic acid and maleic acid were not tested. 4. The relative quantity of galactocarolose synthesized per g. of mycelia decreased as the concentration of diammonium dicarboxylate added to the growth medium was increased. Tartaric acid, oxaloglycollic acid, fumaric acid and malonic acid were tested. 5. The quantity of mycelia formed and the quantity of galactocarolose synthesized per g. of mycelia were greater when the growth medium contained l-tartrate than when it contained d-tartrate.     

Bile acid profiles in bile, urine, and feces of a patient with cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis

Bile acid profiles of bile, urine, and feces obtained from a patient with cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis on the same day have been analyzed by gas-liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry after fractionation into groups by mode of conjugation by an ion-exchange chromatography. The predominant biliary bile acid was cholic acid conjugated with glycine and taurine. Lesser amounts of the amino acid conjugates of chenodeoxycholic acid, ursodeoxycholic acid, 7-ketodeoxycholic acid, allocholic acid, and deoxycholic acid, and of unconjugated norcholic acid and allonorcholic acid were also present in the bile. The major fecal bile acid was 7-epicholic acid. Relatively large amounts of bile acids were excreted in the urine. Unconjugated 7-epicholic acid, norcholic acid, allonorcholic acid, and cholic acid predominated. The bile acid profiles of the patient were different from those of normal subjects and should be useful for the diagnosis.     

Metabolite profiles of lactic acid bacteria in grass silage

The metabolite production of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) on silage was investigated. The aim was to compare the production of antifungal metabolites in silage with the production in liquid cultures previously studied in our laboratory. The following metabolites were found to be present at elevated concentrations in silos inoculated with LAB strains: 3-hydroxydecanoic acid, 2-hydroxy-4-methylpentanoic acid, benzoic acid, catechol, hydrocinnamic acid, salicylic acid, 3-phenyllactic acid, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, (trans, trans)-3,4-dihydroxycyclohexane-1-carboxylic acid, p-hydrocoumaric acid, vanillic acid, azelaic acid, hydroferulic acid, p-coumaric acid, hydrocaffeic acid, ferulic acid, and caffeic acid. Among these metabolites, the antifungal compounds 3-phenyllactic acid and 3-hydroxydecanoic acid were previously isolated in our laboratory from liquid cultures of the same LAB strains by bioassay-guided fractionation. It was concluded that other metabolites, e.g., p-hydrocoumaric acid, hydroferulic acid, and p-coumaric acid, were released from the grass by the added LAB strains. The antifungal activities of the identified metabolites in 100 mM lactic acid were investigated. The MICs against Pichia anomala, Penicillium roqueforti, and Aspergillus fumigatus were determined, and 3-hydroxydecanoic acid showed the lowest MIC (0.1 mg ml(-1) for two of the three test organisms).     

219份枣种质资源果实三萜酸含量分析

以219份枣种质脆熟期果实为试材,采用超高效液相色谱(UPLC)法检测不同枣种质果实中的山楂酸、桦木酸、齐墩果酸和熊果酸4种三萜酸组分含量,并进行描述统计分析、相关性分析和聚类分析,进而筛选三萜酸含量较高的优特异种质.结果表明:(1)枣果中总三萜酸(TTA)含量的变化范围95.72～737.82μg·g-1,平均值30...     

The metabolism of n-decane by a Pseudomonas

The growth of a Pseudomonas on n-decane was found to produce stearic acid, oleic acid, palmitic acid, palmitoleic acid, decanoic acid, octanoic acid, beta-hydroxydecanoic acid, beta-hydroxyoctanoic acid, beta-hydroxyhexanoic acid and beta-hydroxyadipic acid. Small amounts of n-decanamide and n-valeramide were also isolated. The effects of nitrogen and oxygen limitation on the formation of these products in continuous fermentations is reported.     

Assessment of toxicity of volatile fatty acids to Photobacterium phosphoreum

The toxicity of four volatile fatty acids (VFAs) as anaerobic digestion (AD) intermediates was investigated at pH 7. Photobacterium phosphoreum T3 was used as an indicator organism. Binary, ternary and mixtures of AD intermediates were designated by letters A (acetic acid + propionic acid), B (acetic acid + butyric acid), C (acetic acid + ethanol), D (propionic acid + butyric acid), E (propionic acid + ethanol), F (butyric acid + ethanol), G (acetic acid + propionic acid + butyric acid), H (acetic acid + propionic acid + ethanol), I (acetic acid + butyric acid+ ethanol), J (propionic acid + butyric acid + ethanol) and K (acetic acid + propionic acid + butyric acid + ethanol) to assess the toxicity through equitoxic mixing ratio method. The IC₅₀ values of acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid and ethanol were 9.812, 7.76, 6.717 and 17.33 g/L respectively, displaying toxicity order of: butyric acid > propionic acid > acetic acid > ethanol being additive in nature. The toxic effects of four VFAs could be designated as synergistic and one additive in nature.     

Inhibition behaviours of some phenolic acids on rat kidney aldose reductase enzyme: an in vitro study

Aldose reductase (AR) inhibitors have vital importance in the treatment and prevention of diabetic complications. In this study, rat kidney AR was purified 19.34-fold with a yield of 3.49% and a specific activity of 0.88?U/mg using DE-52 Cellulose anion exchange chromatography, gel filtration chromatography and 2′5′ ADP Sepharose-4B affinity chromatography, respectively. After purification, the in vitro inhibition effects of some phenolic acids (tannic acid, chlorogenic acid, sinapic acid, protocatechuic acid, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, p-coumaric acid, ferulic acid, vanillic acid, syringic acid, α-resorcylic acid, 3-hydroxybenzoic acid and gallic acid) were investigated on purified enzyme. We determined IC₅₀, K_i values and inhibition types of these phenolic acids. As a result, tannic and chlorogenic acid had a strong inhibition effect. On the other hand, gallic acid had a weak inhibition effect. In this study, all phenolic acids except for chlorogenic acid and p-coumaric acid showed non-competitive inhibition effects on rat kidney AR.