中国新记录属——枝穗霉属(丝孢纲)

Clonostachys phyllophila and Clonostachys rogersoniana were isolated from rhizosphere soil of Allium tuberosum in Chaoyang, Liaoning Province. It is the first report of the genus in China. The species was described morphologically and illustrated in this paper, the culture was stored in the Culture Collection of Liaoning Center of Culture Collection (LCCC).     

中国新记录属——枝穗霉属（丝孢纲）

Clonostachys phyllophila and Clonostachys rogersoniana were isolated from rhizosphere soil of Allium tuberosum in Chaoyang, Liaoning Province. It is the first report of the genus in China. The species was described morphologically and illustrated in this paper, the culture was stored in the Culture Collection of Liaoning Center of Culture Collection (LCCC).     

Aquatic Hyphomycetes of a mountain stream in Valsesia (Piemonte)

The conidia of aquatic Hyphomycetes in a mountain stream in Italy were studied. Thirteen species previously unknown from Italy were recorded. The concentration of conidia in the waters of the stream reached a maximum from October to December, and a minimum in August.     

Karyology and agar analysis of the agarophyteGelidiella acerosa (Forsskål) Feldmannet Hamel from the Philippines

Microspectrophotometry with the DNA-localizing fluorochrome DAPI demonstrated ploidy level differences in tetrasporophytic and presumptive gametophytic phases ofGelidiella acerosa from the Philippines. Comparison of mean nuclear DNA (I _f ) values to chicken erythrocytes (RBC) resulted in an estimate of 0.32 pg/2 C genome. Karyological studies with aceto-orcein revealed a chromosome complement of six bivalents during diakinesis of tetrasporocytes. The agar yield ranges from 13–24% dry weight, depending on the method of extraction. Agar extraction in 1 N NaOH resulted in an increased gel strength of 189 g cm^–2 at 1.5% concentration. Infrared spectroscopy indicated a relatively high sulfate content in native agar. The low (61 °) melting temperature is indicative of high sulfation and small molecular size.     

Karyology,pollen and seed morphology,and distribution of eight endangered species in the Veneto region (Northern Italy)

ABSTRACT

Eight endangered species of the Veneto region were examined from the karyological and micromorphological points of view. Their geographical distribution, the exsiccata of Herbarium Venetum (HV-PAD) and conservation problems were also considered. These species are: Cortusa matthioli L., a taxon sporadically distributed in Veneto with 2n=24 chromosomes; Calianthemum kernerianum Freyn ex Kerner, only known on Mt. Baldo (Verona) and with 2n=4x=32; Scrophularia vernalis L. with 2n=28; Kosteletzkya pentacarpos (L.) Ledeb., an entity with no regional conservation regulations and with 2n=34; Athamanta vestina A.Kerner, endemic to Italy and with 2n=22; Hottonia palustris L. with 2n=20 and in danger because of the destruction of its habitat; Sagittaria sagttifolia L. with 2n=22; Trapa natans L., a protected species in Veneto with 2n=36 and 2n=48.     

Karyology of a marine population of Gyratrix hermaphroditus (Turbellaria,Rhabdocoela) and chromosomal evolution in this species complex

Karyology and reproductive biology of a marine population of the species complex Gyratrix hermaphroditus, from Roscoff (Brittany, France), have been investigated. A diploid complement of six chromosomes was determined from spermatogonial mitotic figures. One chromosome pair is metacentric, the second is intermediate between meta- and submetacentric, and the third is subtelocentric.In this population, regular meiosis occurs in both female and male germ lines, and the animals reproduce only by means of amphimictic eggs. Certain specimens of the population showed the elimination of one of the three bivalents during the first meiotic division in spermatogenesis. It seems that such animals produce normal and aneuploid sperm simultaneously; the aneuploid sperm are not capable of fertilization.The Roscoff population differs in its karyotype (2n = 6) from freshwater populations, which are either diploid (2n = 4) or polyploid (3n = 6, 4n = 8). These results suggest that aneuploidy played a role in the differentiation of freshwater populations from an originally marine species complex.     

Karyology and cytophotometric estimation of nuclear DNA content variation in Gracilaria,Gracilariopsis and Hydropuntia (Gracilariales,Rhodophyta)

Chromosome numbers of 1 N=24 were determined for three species of Gracilaria (G. flabelliforme P. Crouan et H. Grouan ex Schramm et Maze, G. mammillaris Montagne and G. tikvahiae McLachlan) and 1 N=32 for two species of Gracilariopsis (G. lemaneiformis (Bory) Dawson, Acleto et Folvik and G. tenuifrons (Bird et Oliveira) Fredericq et Hommersand). Karyotypes for these species exhibit a characteristic size difference between largest and smallest chromosomes. Polyvalents were a common feature of meiotic nuclei. Microspectrophotometry with the DNA-localising fluorochrome DAPI was used to quantify nuclear genome sizes. A 2 C genome size of 0·37–0·40 pg was determined for five species of Gracilaria (G. chilensis Bird, McLachlan et Oliveira, G. flabelliforme, G. mammillaris, G. pacifica Abbott, G. tikvahiae) and 0·33 pg for an isolate of G. verrucosa (Hudson) Papenfuss from Pas de Calais, France. Species of Hydropuntia (H. cornea (J. Agardh) Wynne and H. dentata (J. Agardh) Wynne) and Gracilariopsis (G. lemaneiformis and G. tenuifrons) were found to have slightly larger 2 C genome contents of 0·42–0·47 pg. No intraspecific variation in 2 C genome sizes was found in regional populations of Gracilaria tikvahiae and Gracilariopsis tenuifrons.     

Hyphomycetes in Twenty Springs of the Knyszyn-Bialystok Forest in Various Seasons

The aquatic mycoflora and environmental factors in 20 springs were analysed at monthly intervals for one year. At total of 102 Hyphomycete species was noted. 16 species are new records for Poland. The highest number of species was found in spring and autumn. the lowest number in winter.     

Karyology of four land-planarian species of the genus Bipalium from Japan

We have employed a new scale for characterizing chromosomal forms in the karyotypes of four species of Bipalium from five localities in Japan. Specimens of Bipalium nobile Kawakatsu et Makino, 1982, from Yokohama had a diploid chromosome number of 2x = 10 (2m + 2sm + 2sm + st & sm + 2sm); specimens of the same species from Toyonaka had this number as well but with slightly different chromosomal form (2m + 2sm + sm & st + 2st + m & sm). An undescribed species from Sanjô, Bipalium sp. 2, with two dorsal stripes and a yellow head crescent, had 2x = 10 (2m + 2sm + 2sm + 2sm + 2m); and another undescribed species from Chichijima Island, Bipalium sp. 3, with five dorsal stripes, had 2x = 10 (2m + 2sm + 2sm + 2sm + 2m). A non-sexual bipaliid tentatively identified as Bipalium kewense Moseley, 1878, from Chichijima Island had 2x = 18 (2m + 2m + 2m + 2sm + 2st + 2sm + 2sm + 2sm + 2sm).     

Karyology of a Marine Non-Motile Dinoflagellate, Pyrocystis lunula

Dinoflagellates have a unique and interesting intracellular architecture such as permanently condensed chromosomes throughout the cell cycle. However the study of dinoflagellate chromosomes is not amendable because of the unusually higher number of chromosomes and problems in sample preparation. The species of Pyrocystis spend most of their life cycle as vegetative cyst forms and have been used as experimental organisms for bioluminescence and circadian rhythms. Here, we documented the content of DNA in different life stages and the chromosome karyology in a marine non-motile dinoflagellate Pyrocystis lunula, through light and fluorescent microscopy, serial ultra-thin sectioning, and three dimension (3D) modeling. The DNA content doubles during DNA synthesis and in the end of the cell division two separate daughter cells have the approximately same fluorescent values for the mother cells. Using serial ultra-thin sectioning and 3D modeling, we report the first ultrastructural karyogram. The cells chosen were at the end of karyokinesis. A total of 98 chromosomes were counted and assigned to 49 pairs. In this species, DNA synthesis appears to occur before, or during asexual division and P. lunula lives a diplontic life cycle.     

Karyology and evolution inSesamoides (Resedaceae)

The meiotic behaviour abnormalities, fertility and size of pollen of 6 taxa ofSesamoides have been analysed. Besides diploids (2x), polyploids (4x, 6x, 8x) have been found. The chromosome base number is x = 10, but an origin from x = 5 is suggested.     

Two new species of nematophagous Verticillium (Hyphomycetes) forming catenulate conidia, with a key to the nematophagous Verticillium species

Two new species of Verticillium, V. campanulatum and V.seriatum were found to parasitize free-living nematodes in samples of dung from deciduous woodland in the S.E. of England. Both species produced infective conidia in a catenulate arrangement and V.campanulatum had an accessory spore state. The synonymy of Acmstalagmus zeosporus with Verticillium balanoides is not accepted, and A.zeosporus is transferred to Verticillium as a separate species, V.zeosporum.     

Two new species of Galium (Rubiaceae) from the Iberian Peninsula

Two new species of the genus Galium are described from the Iberian Peninsula: G. moralesianum Ortega-Olivencia & Devesa, and G. talaveranum Ortega-Olivencia & Devesa. The first grows on limestone or dolomitic-limestone outcrops in south-east Spain (the Segura and Gádor mountain ranges) and shows morphological similarities with G. boissieranum Ehrend. & Krendl, which is endemic to southern Spain (mountains of Málaga). The second inhabits the margins of water courses, alder stands and cork-oak dehesas (parkland-type systems) of the west of the Iberian Peninsula, and is morphologically reminiscent of G. mollugo L. The chromosome numbers of these two species and of G. boissieranum are given.  © 2003 The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society , 2003, 143 , 177−187.     

New species and records of Heteroconium (anamorphic fungi) from southern China

Four anamorphic fungal species of Heteroconium were collected from tropical and subtropical forests in southern China. Among them, Heteroconium tsoongiodendronis sp. nov. and Heteroconium fici sp. nov. are described from specimens collected on dead branches of Tsoongiodendron odorum and Ficus gibbosa, respectively. Two species of Heteroconium, H. decorosum and H. ponapense, are recorded for the first time in China. A key to Heteroconium and related genera is also provided.     

A karyological analysis of the artificial hybridization between Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822) and Heterobranchus longifilis Valenciennes, 1840 (Pisces; Clariidae)

A karyological analysis of an artificial hybridization (reciprocal crosses) between two African clariid catfish, Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822) and Heterobranchus longifilis Valenciennes, 1840, was performed. C. gariepinus has a standard karyotype of 2 n = 56, while H. longifilis has 2 n = 52. The hybrids revealed an intermediate karyotype (2 n = 54), and it appears as if they have totalized the haploid chromosome number of both parental species, excluding gynogenesis or androgenesis. The hybrid karyotype is considered as aneuploid, although the hybrids proved to be fertile. No variation was found in the hybrids karyotypes.     

Morning dew and Tripospermum (Hyphomycetes)

Morning dew appears to be an important factor in the habitat of Tripospermum species. It affects both conidial development and liberation.