广东省扶桑绵粉蚧对园林植物为害及其天敌的调查

2013-2014年调查了扶桑绵粉蚧Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley对广东城镇绿化带、公园、高速(国道)公路等园林植物的危害及其天敌种类,结果表明,广州、珠海、深圳等17个地级市均有扶桑绵粉蚧发生,呈点片分布,主要为害扶桑、驳骨丹、蟛蜞菊等9种园林植物,高速(国道)公路绿化带的园林植物受扶桑绵粉蚧为害最严重,其次是公园(景点)绿化带的园林植物,而城区绿化带、苗木花卉基地(市场)由于管理较好,园林植物受到扶桑绵粉蚧为害最轻。调查过程中,共采集到了7种天敌昆虫,分别是孟氏隐唇瓢虫Cryptolaemus montrouzineri Mulsant、圆斑弯月毛瓢虫Nephus quadrimaculatus(Kamiya)、六斑月瓢虫Menochilus sexmaculata(Fabricius)、草蛉Chrysopa sp.、班氏跳小蜂Aenasius bambawalei Hayat、粉蚧抑虱跳小蜂Acerophagus coccois Smith和粉蚧广腹细蜂Allotropa sp.。     

云南省扶桑绵粉蚧的分布和危害

【背景】扶桑绵粉蚧是一种危险的外来入侵害虫,自2008年在我国首次发现以来,其发生范围急剧扩大。但有关云南省扶桑绵粉蚧的发生情况缺乏系统的调查报道。【方法】2010年3月~2013年3月,对云南省16个州（市）72个区（市、县）的扶桑绵粉蚧的分布与危害情况进行了系统的调查,并对其天敌情况进行了初步调查。【结果】扶桑绵粉蚧在云南文山州富宁县,西双版纳州景洪市、勐海县,德宏州芒市,红河州元阳县、蒙自市,保山市隆阳区,丽江市华坪县,楚雄州永仁县,怒江州泸水县8个州（市）共10个市（县）有零星分布。其寄主植物共14科18属19种,包括园林观赏植物3种、经济作物1种、蔬菜作物2种、粮食作物1种、杂草11种,其中有12种植物在我国其他疫区未见报道;调查过程中发现其天敌3种。【结论与意义】扶桑绵粉蚧在云南省呈零星点状分布、疫区间受害情况有差异,未对经济作物造成严重损害。本研究可为云南省开展扶桑绵粉蚧的检疫防控提供参考。     

扶桑绵粉蚧寄生蜂优势种Aenasiusbam bawalei Hayat记述

记述扶桑绵粉蚧Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley寄生蜂1中国新记录种:Aenasius bambawalei Hayat,2009,分布于广东、海南省;提供了种的形态特征描述和特征图.     

浙江省扶桑绵粉蚧分布危害调查

本文报道浙江省2009年9月至11月对新入侵害虫——扶桑绵粉蚧Phenacoccus solenopsisTinsley全面调查结果。目前扶桑绵粉蚧在浙江省的杭州下沙区、余杭区,金华的武义县,丽水的云和县有分布,在玉米、甘薯、南瓜、枸杞、太阳花、胭脂花、刺儿菜、小飞蓬等19科29种农作物、花卉和杂草上发现扶桑绵粉蚧的为害。论文还对其检疫与防控措施提出了建议。     

防治扶桑绵粉蚧化学农药的筛选及其防治效果

为寻求防治扶桑绵粉蚧Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley有效化学药剂,在室内测定了9种化学农药对该虫的致死效果,在此基础上,选出4种农药进行了田间防治试验.结果表明,室内条件下三氯杀螨醇、阿维菌素、阿维-氯氰、联苯菊酯4种药剂对成虫的校正死亡率在23.7%～66.7%之间,明显低于对1龄若虫的作用效齐果;高效氯氟氰菊酯、吡虫啉、啶虫脒和毒死蜱4种化学药剂,在田问施药后第5天的防治效果可达到91%以上,其中啶虫脒和毒死蜱的防治效果分别达到95.6%和98.2%.在防治应用中,建议推荐高效氯氟氰菊酯、吡虫啉、啶虫脒、马拉硫磷和毒死蜱5种药剂,同时应注意针对不同的虫态有必要适当调整用药浓度(就除害处理而言)和施药次数,以达到理想的防治效果.     

蜡蚧轮枝菌对扶桑绵粉蚧的致病性研究

测定了蜡蚧轮枝菌Verticillium lecanii MZ041024菌株对扶桑绵粉蚧Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley的致病性。结果表明蜡蚧轮枝菌MZ041024菌株对扶桑绵粉蚧1龄若虫的致病率为83.72%,致死中浓度LC_(50)为1.49×105个/m L,致死中时间LT50是5.21 d;对2龄若虫的致病率为74.42%,致死中浓度LC_(50)为3.66×10~3个/m L,致死中时间LT50是5.55 d;对3龄若虫的致病率为76.74%,致死中浓度LC_(50)为9.82×104个/m L,致死中时间LT_(50)是5.44d;其对雌成虫的致病率为85.37%,致死中浓度LC_(50)为2.80×10~4个/m L,致死中时间LT_(50)是4.87 d。说明蜡蚧轮枝菌MZ041024菌株对扶桑绵粉蚧有较强的致病性。     

扶桑绵粉蚧Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley

<正>扶桑绵粉蚧,又称:棉花粉蚧,隶属于半翅目Hemiptera、蚧总科Coccoidea、粉蚧科Pseudococcidae、绵粉蚧亚科Phenacoccinae。雌性成虫椭圆形,长3.0～4.2mm,宽2.0～3.1mm;全身覆被白色蜡粉,背部有一系列的黑色背斑,通常头部背面1对和腹部背面3对黑斑明显;触角9节;足发达。雄性成虫体微     

危害园林树木扶桑的粉蚧调查和形态鉴定

扶桑因花期长、颜色艳丽和便于栽种管理,是我国华南等热带地区普遍种植的重要园林植物。本文通过野外调查,采集了扶桑等寄主植物上发生危害的3种粉蚧,分别是扶桑绵粉蚧、木槿曼粉蚧和美地绵粉蚧。通过制作玻片标本,从足、刺孔群、盘孔、和管腺等部位详细比较了3种粉蚧的玻片主要显微特征以及野外活虫虫体特征,为基层农林工作人员识别该类害虫提供参考。     

扶桑绵粉蚧交配行为及能力的研究

本文对扶桑绵粉蚧的交配行为及交配能力进行观察,以期明确其交配行为和交配能力.研究发现,发现扶桑绵粉蚧雌雄虫均能多次交配,雄虫交配能力大于雌虫.雄虫交配次数为3～10次不等,平均为6.9次,以交配6次所占的比率最大,为26.7％.雌虫的交配次数为1～4次不等,平均为2.3次,以交配2次所占的比率最大,为40.0％.扶桑绵...     

不同温度和寄主植物对扶桑绵粉蚧生长发育的影响

为明确温度和寄主对扶桑绵粉蚧Phenacoccus solenopsis生长发育的影响,本文在室内研究了不同温度和不同寄主上该虫的发育历期、发育起点温度、有效积温、成虫性比和存活率,结果表明:18℃-30℃范围内,随着温度升高,扶桑绵粉蚧发育历期逐渐缩短,34℃与30℃下无明显差异。该虫不同虫期发育起点温度均较高,其中2龄雄若虫和雌若虫最高,分别为19.11℃、16.14℃,蛹最低,为12.22℃。有效积温蛹最大,为87.40日·度,1龄若虫次之(77.12日·度),2龄雄若虫最小(26.32日·度)。18℃-30℃时各虫期死亡率随着温度升高而降低,34℃时又有升高。取食4种寄主时扶桑绵粉蚧发育历期有所变化,1龄若虫番茄上显著长于马铃薯;2龄雌雄若虫番茄上显著长于扶桑和马铃薯;3龄雌若虫以烟草和番茄上较长,扶桑和马铃薯上较短;雄蛹、雄成虫历期均无差异;烟草上雌成虫存活时间最长;雌虫整个虫期存活时间最长,为53.77 d,番茄次之(48.65 d),扶桑、马铃薯较短,分别为43.39 d、39.79 d。雄虫整个虫期存活时间烟草明显长于扶桑。不同寄主上扶桑绵粉蚧雌雄虫比率差异较大,以马铃薯上雄虫率最高(37.78%),其次为扶桑(26.67%),烟草上最低(8.01%)。     

Molecular cloning, prokaryotic expression and expression at different developmental stages of cathepsin B gene in mealybug Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley ( Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae)

昆虫组织蛋白酶B在昆虫代谢过程中发挥重要作用.本研究利用RACE技术克隆了扶桑绵粉蚧Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley组织蛋白酶B基因的开放阅读框(ORF)序列,命名为PsCb(GenBank登录号:JQ727999).生物信息学分析表明,该基因的开放阅读框包含927 bp的片段,编码308个氨基酸.多序列比对表明,该基因编码的蛋白在N端变异较大,在C端保守性高.组织蛋白酶B基因的系统进化树结果表明扶桑绵粉蚧组织蛋白酶独自成为一支.原核表达电泳检测到一条大约35 kDa的目的条带,与预测的蛋白分子量相符.组织蛋白酶B基因在扶桑绵粉蚧各个虫态均有表达,卵期表达量相对较低,2龄若虫期达到最高峰,然后下降.本研究为进一步研究该基因的功能并开发出组织蛋白酶抑制剂,从而研制出扶桑绵粉蚧杀卵剂和胚胎发育抑制剂等提供理论依据.     

入侵害虫扶桑绵粉蚧生物学、危害及防治技术

扶桑绵粉蚧Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley是一种新人侵的危险性害虫,寄主范围广,对我国棉花和番茄等多种作物的安全生产构成威胁.本文从危害特点、形态特征及生物学特性对该害虫进行了概述.并简要概括了对其危害的关键防治技术.     

扶桑绵粉蚧的过冷却点和体液结冰点测定

本文测定了扶桑绵粉蚧Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley除卵期以外其它各虫态的过冷却点和结冰点.结果表明,该虫过冷却点以1龄若虫最低,为-24.02℃;雄虫预蛹次之,为-22.13℃;雄虫蛹、雄虫2龄若虫、雌虫3龄若虫、雄成虫、雌虫2龄若虫、雌成虫过冷却点逐渐升高,分别为-21.08℃、-20.25℃、-19.05℃、-18.42℃、-17.91℃、-16.89℃.体液结冰点也以1龄若虫最低,为-23.2℃;雄虫预蛹次之,为-19.09℃;雄虫蛹、雄虫2龄若虫、雌虫3龄若虫、雌虫2龄若虫、雌成虫、雄成虫体液结冰点逐渐升高,分别为-16.64%、-15.81℃、-13.92℃、-13.20℃、-12.85℃、-12.79℃.试验结果表明扶桑绵粉蚧过冷却点低,耐寒性较强,可能适宜在中国北部更广泛的区域生存.     

Effect of Host Plants on Honeydew Production of an Invasive Mealybug, Phenacoccus solenopsis (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae)

Honeydew production plays a key role in mutualism between the mealybugs and ants. However, no studies have focused on the amount and circadian rules of honeydew excreted by Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley, a new invasive species which has conditional mutualism with Solenopsis invicta Buren in China. To address this problem, we measured the weight and estimated honeydew production in all stages of development of the invasive mealybug, P. solenopsis, as well as its honeydew production on tomato (Solanum lycopersicun), Hibiscus rosa-sinensis, and cotton (Gossypium sp.) for 24 h. The honeydew excreted by each instar of the mealybug in H. rosa-sinensis was measured for 2 weeks. Our results revealed that the weight of mealybugs significantly varied at different development stages. Host plants had no significant effect on the weight of nymphs, although the weight of a single adult reared on S. lycopersicun was significantly heavier than those reared on H. rosa-sinensis and G. sp. The amount of honeydew excreted by the 1st instar nymphs in S. lycopersicum was significantly greater than that on H. rosa-sinensis and G. sp. Each instar mealybug produced more honeydew when fed with S. lycopersicum compared with H. rosa-sinensis and G. sp. The amount of honeydew excreted by mealybugs when provisioned with H. rosa-sinensis was no different from mealybugs provisioned with G. spp. while in the same instar. The amount of honeydew excreted by the 1st and 2nd instar nymphs was not significantly different on the same host plant. However, there was a significant difference between the 3rd instar nymph and the adult. The amount of honeydew excreted by a single adult when provisioned with H. rosa-sinensis decreased from 3085.3 μg to 572.0 μg in 2 weeks. The 2nd instar nymph, 3rd instar nymph, and adult excreted honeydew more frequently during the day than at night, while the frequency of honeydew excretion of the 1st instar nymph had no significant difference between daytime and night.     

Comparison of Phenacoccus solenopsis specimens from different regions of Pakistan using COI molecular barcoding (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae)

Because correct identification of insects is crucial for pest management involving chemical or biological control agents, we have used a molecular approach to identify and characterize specimens of the cotton pest Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley (Sternorrhyncha: Pseudococcidae) present in different regions of Pakistan. The specimens were analyzed through DNA sequence analysis of their mitochondrial COI (mtCOI) gene using an improved procedure that could distinguish between the pest and its associated parasitoid. Our analysis showed no variation among the mealybug specimens from different geographical locations of Pakistan and confirmed that this is the same species and haplotype that is infesting cotton plants in other parts of Asia. This information will assist in the development of biological control programs against P. solenopsis in Pakistan and other Asian countries.     

The passionvine mealybug,Planococcus minor (Maskell) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae), and its natural enemies in the cocoa agroecosystem in Trinidad

Planococcus minor (Maskell) is native to South Asia, but it is also present in several Neotropical locations including the island of Trinidad in the southern Caribbean. The mealybug poses a serious threat to uninfested countries in this region as well as the mainland U.S. As part of an effort to gather much needed information on P. minor, 33 cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) field sites on the island were surveyed in 2006 with a view to assess the occurrence and pest status of the mealybug. P. minor was identified from 20 field sites, indicating that it was well distributed across the island on this crop, which appeared to be a reliable indicator host plant. Infestation levels were generally low and populations were sparsely distributed across the field sites categorized into three habitat types. The following year, nine field sites were surveyed for natural enemies of P. minor using laboratory-infested potatoes in sentinel traps. Species from four insect orders and six families were collected and identified. The major predators belonged to the families Cecidomyiidae and Coccinellidae. Two primary parasitoids, Leptomastix dactylopii Howard (Encyrtidae) and Coccidoxenoides perminutus (Girault) (=Pauridia peregrina Timberlake, =Coccidoxenoides peregrinus (Timberlake)) (Encyrtidae), were reared from different mealybug stages, along with several hyperparasitoids. The primary parasitoids were probably introduced fortuitously. These diverse natural enemies were recovered throughout the sampling period from the different habitat types. The identification of key natural enemies associated with P. minor has important implications for the implementation of biological control in newly infested areas.     

广州地区自然条件下扶桑绵粉蚧入侵定殖能力研究

【背景】扶桑绵粉蚧是一种对棉花等作物具有严重威胁的新的外来人侵害虫,2008年8月在广州市区扶桑上发现该虫。关于该虫入侵种群的大小是需要明确的基本人侵生物学问题之一。【方法】采用了野外接虫、定点系统跟踪观察的方法,研究了广州地区番茄、棉花田间扶桑绵粉蚧的最小入侵种群规模。【结果】扶桑绵粉蚧初始种群侵入棉花、番茄田3d后数量急剧下降,分别减少了82．7％、61．2％,进入3龄后田间种群数量呈现持续小幅度减少的规律,进入产卵期的雌虫出现概率分别为2．83％、2．5％。棉花上扶桑绵粉蚧单雌产卵量为532．6粒,明显高于番茄（418．4粒）。棉花、番茄田的入侵种群趋势指数分别为15．09、10．46,下一代种群呈明显增长趋势,能够成功定殖。棉花、番茄田扶桑绵粉蚧自然种群存活曲线均符合Ⅰ型（凹型）,存活率（S）与接虫后天数（D）的关系模型分别为S=（1．0000＋1．1．505D）-1.1250,S=（Q9996＋Q124810）^-3.0614。根据进入产卵期雌虫的概率,计算出保证扶桑绵粉蚧成功入侵的最小自然种群规模为36—40头。【结论与意义】广州地区6～8月番茄、棉花田新人侵的扶桑绵粉蚧自然种群存活曲线为Ⅰ型（凹型）,最小入侵种群规模为36—40头。该结果为深入研究扶桑绵粉蚧的入侵生物学特性和制定防治策略等提供了依据。