温度对旋链角毛藻(Chaetoceros curvisetus)和米氏凯伦藻(Karenia mikimotoi)生长及硝酸还原酶活力的影响

选用东海常见的两种赤潮肇事藻种:旋链角毛藻和米氏凯伦藻,采用一次性培养实验,研究了不同温度对两种赤潮藻生长及硝酸还原酶活力(NRA)的影响.研究结果表明,在10℃~30℃条件下旋链角毛藻均能正常生长,且生长曲线均符合S-logistic2种群增长模型;而米氏凯伦藻在10℃和30℃条件下不能正常生长,在其他温度条件下生长情况与旋链角毛藻相似.温度适宜时,两种藻的硝酸还原酶活力最大值(NRAmax)、最大生长速率(μmax)和终止生物量(Bf)随温度的变化趋势基本一致,说明温度的高低可通过影响细胞硝酸还原酶活力大小间接影响藻类的生长.旋链角毛藻单位体积的NRAmax和最大生长速率均大于米氏凯伦藻,说明旋链角毛藻能够更好地吸收利用硝酸盐.     

大亚湾角毛藻细胞数量波动及其与环境因子关系的多元分析

研究了1997年6月～1998年7月及1999和2000年春季大亚湾角毛藻（Chaetoceros spp.）细胞数量变动及其与环境因子之间的关系,并进行了多因变量方差分析、多元线性逐步回归分析及主成分分析.角毛藻是大亚湾浮游植物常见优势属,优势物种主要为窄隙角毛藻（C.affinis）、柔弱角毛藻（C.debilis）、远距角毛藻（C.distans）和劳氏角毛藻（C.lorenzianus）等.1997～1998年度角毛藻细胞数量出现了明显的春季高峰,最高细胞数量和百分比含量分别达6680.6 cells/ml和99.78%,而且在其他季节也出现了数量不等的峰值,DIN的消耗在一定程度上导致了角毛藻水华的消退.多元分析结果表明,水温和营养元素之间的比例是影响角毛藻细胞数量变动的主要因子,此外DIN和盐度对角毛藻细胞数量变动也产生较明显的影响.     

温度、光照、盐度与pH 对淡水蓝藻拟柱胞藻生长的影响

拟柱胞藻(Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii)是近年来发现能够引起水华的一种优势淡水蓝藻, 可产生蓝藻毒素,由其引发的水质危害已逐渐引起人们的重视。为探讨环境因素与拟柱胞藻生长状态的关系, 设计采用温度(25, 30, 35 ℃)、光照(2000, 3000, 4000 lx)、盐度(0, 4, 8)与pH 值(7.2, 8.2, 9.2)四种环境因子三水平正交试验, 分析在不同环境因子条件下拟柱胞藻的比平均生长速率, 最高藻丝密度, 叶绿素a(Chl-a)及类胡萝卜素(Carotenoid)含量。研究结果表明, 在9种环境因子组合中, 除温度25℃、光照4000 lx、pH 9.2 及盐度8, 拟柱胞藻不能生长外, 其余条件均能生长。藻丝生长速率、藻丝密度及光合色素的影响程度上, 盐度影响最大, 其次是pH 和温度, 光照影响最小。拟柱胞藻藻丝最佳生长的环境条件为温度30℃, pH 8.2, 光照4000 lx 及盐度0。     

CO_2浓度倍增对牟氏角毛藻生长和光合作用的影响

高浓度（５％)ＣＯ２对微藻光合作用特征和固碳机制的影响已有了广泛的研究,但ＣＯ２提高数倍对微藻的影响报道还不多。本文以牟氏角毛藻为材料,研究其在ＣＯ２浓度倍增条件下（７００ｕＬＬ－１）的生长和光合作用特点,以期了解ＣＯ２浓度的倍增影响微藻类的生理生化效应和机制。另外,牟氏角毛藻是常用的饵料藻种,含有丰富的多不饱和脂肪酸[１］,所以还有一定的实践意义。１ 材料与方法１．１ 材料与培养 牟氏角毛藻（ＣｈａｅｔｏｃｅｒｏｓｍｕｅｌｌｅｒｉｍｕｅｌｅｒｉＬｅｍｍ．）由中国科学院海洋研究所提供。对数生长期的藻…     

湛江湾角毛藻群落的时空分布及其影响因素

2009年2-11月以水采、网采和显微鉴定的方法分别对湛江湾的浮游植物进行了周年的季节调查,分析了湛江湾角毛藻(Chaetoceros)群落的时空分布和影响因素.结果表明:湛江湾角毛藻共有32种,其中有17种为赤潮种,优势种有旋链角毛藻(C.curvisetus)、假弯角毛藻(C.pseudocurvisetus)和牟氏角毛藻(C.muelleri)3种;种类丰富度和细胞丰度在季节分布上表现为春夏季高于秋冬季,而在空间分布上总体表现为湾口高,向内湾逐渐降低.相关分析表明:角毛藻细胞丰度与水温、盐度、pH、叶绿素a浓度及浮游植物细胞丰度呈极显著的正相关,与DIN、SiO32-呈极显著的负相关,与PO43-相关性不显著:角毛藻细胞丰度的季节变化主要取决于水温,由季节更替而产生的种间竞争和浮游动物的摄食压力也是重要的影响因素,而空间变化则受到光照、盐度、pH和高丰度养殖贝类滤食压力的影响.     

异角毛藻和平滑角毛藻的分类学修订

为了澄清异角毛藻和平滑角毛藻的分类学疑问,在广东南澳岛海域建立了单克隆培养株系,利用光学显微镜和电子显微镜技术,开展了基于生活史的连续形态学观察,发现粗大角毛的延伸方向易变,是不稳定特征,不宜继续赋予分类学价值。对核糖体大亚基编码基因的D1～D3区序列进行扩增和分析,结果异角毛藻和平滑角毛藻的目标基因序列基本一致,仅有1个平滑角毛藻株系存在2个差异碱基。因此,两者具有一致的系统学位置,属于同一物种,平滑角毛藻应该是异角毛藻的同种异名。     

CO2对牟氏角毛藻高密度培养的影响

以牟氏角毛藻为材料,通过对比实验研究了CO2和CO2通入方式对光合生物反应器中高密度培养的牟氏角毛藻的生长速度和细胞密度的影响;并以水体pH值为指标,控制CO2的通入数量,进而研究了牟氏角毛藻在我们自行研制的卧式光合生物反应器中的生长情况.结果表明细胞悬浮培养达到一定密度之后,CO2的供应,可以有效地提高生长速度和细胞密度.对CO2通入方式的实验结果表明,不同的CO2通入方式,产生的效果不同,其中以空气和纯CO2混合后通入,效果最好.     

CO_2对牟氏角毛藻高密度培养的影响

以牟氏角毛藻为材料,通过对比实验研究了CO2和CO2通入方式对光合生物反应器中高密度培养的牟氏角毛藻的生长速度和细胞密度的影响;并以水体pH值为指标,控制CO2的通入数量,进而研究了牟氏角毛藻在我们自行研制的卧式光合生物反应器中的生长情况。结果表明细胞悬浮培养达到一定密度之后,CO2的供应,可以有效地提高生长速度和细胞密度。对CO2通入方式的实验结果表明,不同的CO2通入方式,产生的效果不同,其中以空气和纯CO2混合后通入,效果最好。     

Effects of light,temperature and salinity on the growth rate of harmful marine diatoms,Chaetoceros convolutus and C. concavicornis that kill netpen salmon

Chaetoceros convolutus and C. concavicornis have been implicated in the death of salmon in netpens in the Pacific Northwest by damaging the salmon's gills. To better understand how environmental factors affect the distribution of these two species, the interacting effects of light, temperature and salinity on growth rate were examined by growing these species under a range of temperatures (4–18 °C), light (10–175 μmol photon m⁻² s⁻¹) and salinities (10–30‰). For C. convolutus, the growth rate showed a hyperbolic relationship with irradiance at 8, 14 and 18 °C and light saturation occurred at 9, 14 and 20 μmol photon m^t s⁻¹ respectively. At 4 °C for C. convolutus and 8 °C for C. concavicornis, cells grew at μ_max, even at the lowest irradiances tested (10 μmol photon m⁻² s⁻¹). For C. convolutus, the amount of light required to saturate growth rate increased with temperature in an approximately linear fashion. The Q₁₀ was 1.88, calculated by averaging over both species. C. concavicornis was the more euryhaline species growing at salinities as low as 17.5‰, while C. convolutus grew only at 25‰ and above.     

Effects of solar UV radiation and temperature on morphology and photosynthetic performance of Chaetoceros curvisetus

This study investigated the effect of solar ultraviolet radiation (UVR) and temperature on a chain length and photosynthetic performance of diatom Chaetorceros curvisetus. The cells were cultured in large quartz tubes and exposed to PAR, PAR + UV-A (PA), or PAR + UV-A + UV-B (PAB) radiation at 20°C and 28°C for six days, respectively. After recovery for 1 h, the cells were exposed again to three different radiations for 1 h. Then, a change in the photochemical efficiency (F_PSII) was examined and UVR-induced photoinhibition was calculated. The percentage of long chains (more than five single cells per chain) in C. curvisetus significantly increased from 8.2% (PAR) to 38.9% (PAB) at 20°C; while it was not notably affected at 28°C. Mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs) concentration obviously increased by irradiance increment from PAR to PAB at 20°C. Chlorophyll (Chl) a concentration significantly declined with increasing irradiance at 20°C. Both MAAs and Chl a concentrations were not obviously changed by irradiance at 28°C. Before and after reexposure, F_PSII was significantly reduced both at 20°C and 28°C. UVR-induced photoinhibition at 20°C (39%) was higher than that at 28°C (30.9%). Solar UV radiation, especially UV-B, could significantly influence the percentage of long chains of C. curvisetus, especially at low temperature. UVR-induced photoinhibition can be alleviated by higher temperatures.     

Characterization of the growth and lipid content of the diatom Chaetoceros muelleri

Chaetoceros muelleri (Schütt) was cultured on a thermal gradient plate, subjected to two media types with a range of specific conductances, and evaluated for growth and neutral lipid accumulation. Growth was measured directly by daily changes in cell numbers and indirectly by changes in optical density at 750 nm. C. muelleri exhibited a growth rate of at least two doublings day-1 over broad temperature (20 to 35 °C) and conductance ranges (10 to over 60 mS cm-1) and the optimum growth rate approached 4.0 doublings day-1 at 30 °C and a conductance of 25 mS cm-1. Intracellular neutral lipid storage was evaluated with fluorometry and epifluorescent microscopy using the fluorochrome Nile Red. Gravimetric analysis revealed a total lipid content in nitrogen-depleted cultures of C. muelleri of over 400 mg L-1, five to seven times that observed in nitrogen-replete cultures. Based on its high growth rate, tolerance to a broad range of temperatures and specific conductances, and large quantity of intracellular lipid, C. muelleri may have potential for exploitation as a renewable precursor to liquid fuels or as a lipid source. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

The effects of temperature,water activity and pH on the growth of Aeromonas hydrophila and on its subsequent survival in microcosm water

AIMS: The influence of temperature, water activity and pH on the growth of Aeromonas hydrophila, and on its survival after transfer in nutrient-poor water were assessed. METHODS AND RESULTS: Experiments were carried out according to a Box-Behnken matrix at 10-30 degrees C, 0.95-0.99 water activity (aw) and pH 5-9. The effect of each factor on the kinetic parameters of growth (i.e. the maximal specific growth rate, mumax, and the lag time, lambda) and on the decline of the bacteria in microcosm water (time to obtain a reduction of 5 log, T5 log) were studied by applying central composite design. CONCLUSIONS: The major effect of temperature and water activity on the growth of A. hydrophila was highlighted, whereas the effect of pH in these experimental conditions was not significant. Models describing the effect of environmental parameters on the growth of A. hydrophila were proposed. The effect of the growth environment, and particularly the incubation temperature, have an influence on the survival ability of the bacteria in nutrient-poor water. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: The Box-Behnken design was well suited to determine the influence of environmental factors on the growth of A. hydrophila and to investigate the effect of previous growth conditions on its survival in microcosm water.     

温度、盐度和pH对尼罗罗非鱼性别分化的影响

采用Box-Behnken设计及响应曲面法研究了温度(20～36℃)、盐度(0 ～16)和pH(5.5 ～8.5)3个主要环境因子对吉富品系尼罗罗非鱼性别分化的影响.结果表明:温度的一次和二次效应分别对吉富罗非鱼性别分化的影响显著.盐度和pH的一次和二次效应分别对吉富罗非鱼性别分化的影响不显著,3个环境因子中任意2个因子之间的互作效应都不显著.采用响应曲面法分析发现,随着温度的升高,吉富罗非鱼的雄性率呈逐渐上升的趋势;温度为36℃、盐度为8、pH为8.5时,吉富罗非鱼最大雄性率可达80％.建立雄性率与温度、盐度和pH三者之间关系的模型方程,并剔除相关不显著的因子后,得到雄性率与温度之间的模型方程,可用于预测吉富罗非鱼雄性率的变化.     

Comparative physiological studies on the growth of cryptic species of Bostrychia intricata (Rhodomelaceae,Rhodophyta) in various salinity and temperature conditions

Inter‐ and intra‐specific physiological variations of intertidal macroalgae have been well investigated. However, studies on physiological responses of cryptic algal species have been poorly documented. Bostrychia intricata is a widespread marine red alga in the Southern Hemisphere, and has many cryptic species. We investigated the effect of different salinities and temperatures on the specific growth rate of three cryptic species (N2, N4 and N5) of B. intricata from New Zealand. Our data indicated that all cryptic species grew at the full range of salinities and temperatures tested, but exhibited a significant difference in their specific growth rates. Cryptic species N4 had a higher growth rate than the other two cryptic species under all experimental conditions, whereas cryptic species N2 occasionally showed a higher growth rate than cryptic species N5 at high salinities and lower temperatures. The distinct physiological properties of these cryptic species may explain their distribution pattern (a wider distribution of cryptic species N4 than N2 and N5) in New Zealand. The physiological divergence between the cryptic species could be related to their levels of evolutionary divergence, with more similar physiology between cryptic species, which share a more recent common ancestor (N2 and N5). Our findings underline that morphologically indistinguishable cryptic algal species are different in many other aspects and are truly independent entities.     

光质对东北次生林生态系统主要树种种子萌发的影响

以东北次生林生态系统5个主要树种（日本落叶松、黄檗、色木槭、水曲柳和红松）种子为对象,采取室内控制(5个主要树种)和野外模拟(红松和日本落叶松)相结合的方法,研究光质对种子萌发的影响.室内和实际林分下分别设置了4种不同光质类型处理（以黑暗为对照）和3个红光/远红光比值(R/FR)梯度.结果表明： 不同光质类型除对日本落叶松种子萌发的影响不显著外,对其他4个树种种子萌发影响均显著.其中,黄檗种子萌发率在白光下达到最高,色木槭、水曲柳和红松种子萌发率在红光-远红光-红光照射下达到最高.林分内试验结果与室内一致,红松种子萌发率随林内R/FR下降而明显下降,落叶松种子萌发则不受光质的影响.在自然林分条件下,R/FR随着光斑活动不断变化,色木槭、水曲柳和红松种子萌发格局可能是对森林光斑环境适应的结果.大粒种子萌发显著受光质的影响.