绿色木霉内切几丁质酶基因的克隆及其毛壳菌转化

利用PCR方法人Ttichoderma viride的基因组DNA中克隆了一个42kDa的内切几丁质酶基因,扩增的长度为1672bp其中包含了启动子和mRNA的编码区。将该基因与来自构巢曲霉的色氨酸启动子相连后,通过原生质体转化将该基因导入球壳毛壳菌CG10。内切几丁质酶活性的测定结果表明,约1/3转化子的内切丁质酶活性得到了明显提高。本实验为利用基因工程方法提高毛壳菌的生防能力打下了较好的基础。     

绿色木霉内切几丁质酶基因的克隆及其毛壳菌转化*

利用PCR方法从Trichoderma viride的基因组DNA中克隆了一个42kDa的内切几丁质酶基因,扩增的长度为1672bp,其中包含了启动子和mRNA的编码区。将该基因与来自构巢曲霉的色氨酸启动子相连后,通过原生质体转化将该基因导入球壳毛壳菌CG10。内切几丁质酶活性的测定结果表明,约1/3转化子的内切几丁质酶活性得到了明显提高。本实验为利用基因工程方法提高毛壳菌的生防能力打下了较好的基础。     

甘蓝夜蛾几丁质酶基因cDNA序列的克隆与序列分析

昆虫几丁质酶在害虫生物防治中具有很大的发展潜力。以甘蓝夜蛾Mamestra brassicae L.预蛹期幼虫整个虫体为材料提取总RNA,利用RT-PCR和cDNA末端快速扩增技术(RACE),扩增得到其几丁质酶的cDNA序列。该序列含有2826个碱基,包括1个1689个碱基的开放阅读框,预测编码1个含562个氨基酸的多肽,分子量约为62.6kDa,等电点为5.30。推导得到的氨基酸序列含有2个N-位糖基化位点,22个O-位糖基化位点,氨基酸序列与其他昆虫,尤其是鳞翅目昆虫的几丁质酶高度同源。获得的甘蓝夜蛾几丁质酶基因cDNA序列已经登录GenBank并获得登录号FJ436415。     

棘孢木霉（Trichoderma asperellum）几丁质酶基因的克隆与生物信息学分析

几丁质酶作为木霉菌防治植物病虫害的主要因子,在生物防治和环境保护等领域发挥着重要的作用.为了研究棘孢木霉（Trichoderma asperellum）的生防机制并获得与其相关的功能基因,本研究通过RT-PCR、3′-RACE及5′-TAIL- PCR技术克隆了T. asperellum 1个几丁质酶基因Tachi1,对该基因进行了生物信息学分析,并利用毕赤酵母表达系统进行表达验证. Tachi1的DNA序列长1 635 bp,含有3个内含子,包含1 275 bp的开放阅读框,编码424个氨基酸;Tachi1属于糖基水解酶18家族内切几丁质酶,包含SIGGW底物结合位点和FDGIDXDWE活性中心位点,信号肽长度为22个氨基酸,成熟肽分子量为44 kD,二级结构以α-螺旋 、β-折叠和无规则卷曲为结构元件,三级结构为(α/β)8的圆桶形结构. 转Tachi1基因酵母工程菌可高效分泌表达几丁质酶Tachi1,甲醇诱导培养8 d几丁质酶酶活可达9.25 U/mL.     

绿色木霉葡聚糖内切酶EGⅢ基因在大肠杆菌中的表达、定点突变及其动力学特性的研究

将绿色木霉葡聚糖内切酶EGⅢ基因亚克隆到表达载体pET-22b（＋）,构建重组质粒pET-egl3,转化到大肠杆菌BL21（DE3）。利用金属亲和层析对重组EGⅢ进行纯化,纯化后酶比活力达到6u／mg蛋白,最适反应温度为60℃,最适pH为4．0。同时对EGⅢ催化区的氨基酸残基R130和E218进行定点饱和突变,各筛选到一株酶活有提高的突变子R130P和E218F,其比活力为野生型EGⅢ的2．8倍和3．45倍。突变酶E218F的Km提高了一倍,催化效率Kcat提高了5．4倍;而R130P的Km和Kcat没有明显变化。两个突变酶的最适酶解温度和pH分别都提高至65℃和4．4。     

里氏木霉内切葡萄糖苷酶Ⅳ在毕赤酵母中的表达

进行了内切葡萄糖苷酶Ⅳ（EGⅣ）在毕赤酵母（Pichia pastoris）表达系统中的表达。采用RT—PCR的方法从里氏木霉（Trichoderma reesei）中分离到eg4基因。将eg4基因与毕赤酵母表达载体pPICZαA连接,得到重组质粒pPICZαA-eg4。将该重组质粒线性化后转化毕赤酵母GS115,eg4基因通过同源重组被整合到毕赤酵母的染色体上,并处于酵母α因子的下游,得到重组菌株P.pastoris—EGⅣ1。在甲醇诱导下,重组菌株P.pastoris-EGⅣ1可以合成并分泌EGⅣ,培养液的CMC活力达到2．11U／mL。     

绿色木霉葡聚糖内切酶EGIII基因在大肠肝菌中的表达、定点突变及其动力学特性的研究

将绿色木霉葡聚糖内切酶EGIII基因亚克隆到表达载体pET-22b(+),构建重组质粒pET-egl3,转化到大肠杆菌BL21(DE3).利用金属亲和层析对重组EGIII进行纯化,纯化后酶比活力达到6 U/mg蛋白,最适反应温度为60 ℃,最适pH为4.0.同时对EGIII催化区的氨基酸残基R130和E218进行定点饱和突变,各筛选到一株酶活有提高的突变子R130P和E218F,其比活力为野生型EGIII的2.8倍和3.45倍.突变酶E218F的Km提高了一倍,催化效率Kcat提高了5.4倍;而R130P的Km和Kcat没有明显变化.两个突变酶的最适酶解温度和pH分别都提高至65 ℃和4.4.     

康氏木霉内切葡聚糖酶(EGⅠ)基因的克隆及表达

目的：构建纤维素酶EGⅠ原核表达载体,并对表达产物进行初步酶学性质研究。方法：以康氏木霉的总RNA为模板,利用RT-PCR扩增内切葡聚糖酶EGⅠ,重组到T7启动子控制下的质粒pET.His中,构建重组质粒pET.His-EGⅠ,并将其转化至E.coli BL21（DE3）plysS感受态细胞中,经0.4mmol/L的IPTG诱导表达后对其表达产物进行13%SDS-PAGE分析。结果：SDS-PAGE电泳显示EGⅠ在大肠杆菌中得到了与预期目的蛋白相一致的外源蛋白带,分子量约45kDa。初步研究表明：重组蛋白具有内切葡聚糖酶活性,最适pH为6.0,温度在30℃～40℃时酶活稳定,金属离子Mn2＋对酶活力有明显的促进作用。结论：纤维素酶EGⅠ在大肠杆菌中成功表达,具有一定活性。     

瑞氏木霉内切葡聚糖酶Ⅲ基因的克隆及在酿酒酵母中的表达

采用刚果红染色法从瑞氏木霉cDNA文库中分离到一株具有CMCase活性的阳性克隆 ,测序结果显示该基因所编码的蛋白质为瑞氏木霉内切葡聚糖酶Ⅲ (EGⅢ )。对重组酿酒酵母所产生的EGⅢ进行了酶学性质分析 ,其最适pH为 5 0 ,最适温度为 60℃。检测了酿酒酵母蛋白质分泌系统组分SSO2和SEB1对EGⅢ分泌的影响。结果表明 ,在可过量表达蛋白质分泌系统组分SSO2的酿酒酵母H837中 ,EGⅢ的分泌量最高。由此分析 ,酿酒酵母SSO2蛋白可能在EGⅢ的分泌中 ,是一个限速步骤。通过PCR方法删除EGⅢ基因 5′端非翻译区的 98bp核苷酸序列使EGⅢ表达量提高了 5 3倍。这提示我们 ,瑞氏木霉的EGⅢ基因在酿酒酵母细胞中表达时 ,其mRNA 5′端先导序列中可能存在影响该基因表达水平的调控序列。     

哈茨木霉几丁质酶cDNA基因的克隆及在酿酒酵母中的表达

为研究哈茨木霉 (Trichodermaharzianum)的生物防治机制并获得与生物防治相关基因 ,通过构建哈茨木霉菌丝生长期的cDNA文库及对部分表达序列标签序列的测定与生物信息学分析 ,成功获得了哈茨木霉几丁质酶v(ChiV)基因的全长cDNA序列。该基因的编码框长度为 1194bp ,编码 397个氨基酸 ,理论分子量为 4 4kD。将该基因构建到酿酒酵母诱导型表达载体pYES2上 ,转化到酿酒酵母H15 8菌株中 ,通过Northern杂交检验后 ,确定该基因在酿酒酵母转录水平上表达。在 β_半乳糖诱导下 ,转化子在培养 6 0h时产生的酶活活性最高 ,几丁质酶V最适活性温度为 37℃ ,在pH 6和pH 8时活性较高。     

三疣梭子蟹蜕皮抑制激素cDNA的克隆与序列分析

甲壳动物的蜕皮是由位于头胸部前鳃腔的一对Y-器通过分泌蜕皮激素（Molting hormone）来控制的（Lachaise et al．,1993）,而蜕皮激素的分泌又受到蜕皮抑制激素（Molt-inhibiting hormone,MIH）的调控（Watson et al．,2001）。MIH和性腺抑制激素（Gonad-inhibiting hormone,GIH）、甲壳动物高血糖激素（Crustacean hyperglycemic hormone,CHH）、     

Molecular cloning,characterization, and expression of a cDNA encoding an endochitinase gene from the mycoparasite Stachybotrys elegans

Stachybotrys elegans is a mycoparasite of the soilborne plant pathogenic fungus Rhizoctonia solani. The mycoparasitic activity of S. elegans is correlated with the production of cell wall degrading enzymes such as chitinases. This report details the cloning by RACE-PCR and characterization of a full-length cDNA clone, sechi44, that appears to encode an extracellular endochitinase. An analysis of the sechi44 sequence indicates that this gene contains a 1269-bp ORF and encodes a 423-aa polypeptide. The SECHI44 protein has a calculated molecular weight of 44.1kDa and pI of 5.53. Since the SECHI44 protein also appears to encode a signal peptide, an extracellular location for the corresponding protein is predicted. Comparison of SECHI44 sequence with known sequences of fungal endochitinases revealed that SECHI44 is grouped with endochitinases from other mycoparasites. Real-time quantitative RT-PCR analysis showed an elevated level of expression of sechi44 (21-fold) in chitin-rich (induced) as compared to no-carbon (non-induced) culture conditions. In dual culture, the temporal expression of sechi44 increased after 2 days of contact with R. solani, reaching a 10-fold increase after 9 days, followed by a decrease to basic expression level at 12 days. Interestingly, inhibition of sechi44 expression was observed when S. elegans hyphae were in close proximity with R. solani hyphae.     

Molecular cloning and sequence analysis of a cDNA encoding a porcine kidney renin-binding protein

A complementary DNA encoding a renin-binding protein (RnBP) has been isolated from a porcine kidney cDNA library by immunological screening of in vitro translation products from the cDNAs. Analysis of the nucleotide sequence of the clone revealed a 1,342-nucleotide sequence with a 5'-terminal untranslated region of 52 nucleotides, an open reading frame of 1,206 nucleotides that encodes 402 amino acids, and a 3'-terminal untranslated region of 84 nucleotides that contains the polyadenylation signal sequence, AATAAA. The predicted amino acid sequence contains no hydrophobic amino-terminal sequence and does not show significant homology to those of other identified proteins. The in vitro translated RnBP was found to have the same molecular weight, 42,000, as that of the purified RnBP from porcine kidney on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and it formed a complex with renin purified from porcine kidney, which indicates that the cDNA encodes a functional RnBP without a propeptide sequence. The RnBP cDNA probe hybridized to a 1.5-kilobase mRNA in kidney, liver, adrenal, and pituitary glands, the amount being much greater in kidney than in the other tissues. Southern blot analysis showed the presence of a unique gene for RnBP in the porcine genome.     

Antifungal activity of a novel endochitinase gene (chit36) from Trichoderma harzianum Rifai TM

A novel 36-kDa endochitinase named chit36 has been isolated and characterized from Trichoderma harzianum Rifai TM. Partial amino acid sequences from the purified protein were used to clone the fungal cDNA, based on polymerase chain reaction with degenerate primers. The complete open reading frame encodes a 344-amino acid protein which shows 84% similarity to a putative chitinase from Streptomyces coelicolor. Chit36 was overexpressed under the pki1 constitutive promoter from Trichoderma reesei via biolistic transformation of T. harzianum TM. Stable transformants showed expression and endochitinase activity of chit36 in glucose-rich medium. Culture filtrates containing secreted CHIT36 as the sole chitinolytic enzyme completely inhibited the germination of Botrytis cinerea conidia. Growth of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. melonis and Sclerotium rolfsii were significantly inhibited on agar plates on which the Trichoderma transformants had previously been grown.     

An endochitinase A from Vibrio carchariae: cloning, expression, mass and sequence analyses, and chitin hydrolysis

We provide evidence that chitinase A from Vibrio carchariae acts as an endochitinase. The chitinase A gene isolated from V. carchariae genome encodes 850 amino acids expressing a 95-kDa precursor. Peptide masses of the native enzyme identified from MALDI-TOF or nanoESIMS were identical with the putative amino acid sequence translated from the corresponding nucleotide sequence. The enzyme has a highly conserved catalytic TIM-barrel region as previously described for Serratia marcescens ChiA. The Mr of the native chitinase A was determined to be 62,698, suggesting that the C-terminal proteolytic cleavage site was located between R597 and K598. The DNA fragment that encodes the processed enzyme was subsequently cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli. The expressed protein exhibited chitinase activity on gel activity assay. Analysis of chitin hydrolysis using HPLC/ESI-MS confirmed the endo characteristics of the enzyme.     

Molecular cloning and sequence analysis of cDNA encoding human ferrochelatase

The cDNA encoding human ferrochelatase [EC 4.99.1.1] was isolated from a human placenta cDNA library in bacteriophage lambda gt11 by screening with a radiolabeled fragment of mouse ferrochelatase cDNA. The cDNA had an open reading frame of 1269 base pairs (bp) encoding a protein of 423 amino acid residues (Mr. 47,833) with alternative putative polyadenylation signals in the 3' non-coding regions and poly (A) tails. Amino acid sequencing showed that the mature protein consists of 369 amino acid residues (Mr. 42,158) with a putative leader sequence of 54 amino acid residues. The human enzyme showed an 88% identity to mouse enzyme and 46% to yeast enzyme. Northern blot analysis showed two mRNAs of about 2500 and 1600 bp for ferrochelatase in K562 and HepG2 cells. As full-length cDNA for human ferrochelatase is now available, molecular lesions related to erythropoietic protoporphyria can be characterized.     

北极狐GHR基因cDNA的克隆及序列分析

本文根据狗(AF133835)的GHR基因cDNA编码全序列设计了三对引物,利用RT-PCR方法克隆出北极狐GHR基因编码区全长cDNA序列(GenBank accession No.EU304325)。结果表明,北极狐GHR的ORF为1917bp,编码638个氨基酸的前体蛋白,由18个氨基酸的信号肽和620个氨基酸的成熟肽组成。通过同源性比较发现北极狐与狗的同源性最高,达到98%。另外,利用邻接法(NJ法)构建的分子系统进化树聚类结果表明,北极狐与狗先聚为一类,该聚类结果与传统的物种进化关系基本一致。另外,通过氨基酸对位序列比较发现,北极狐GHR在氨基酸序列上存在明显的特异性,如45和451位分别为A和E,而其它物种均分别为T(大鼠为K)和A(牛羊为V,鼠为T)。