加拿大一枝黄花对土壤营养元素吸收与转运特征

选择临海沿江镇加拿大一枝黄花重度入侵区域,分别收集植物与土壤样品,研究加拿大一枝黄花对土壤中7种营养元素的吸收、转运特征。研究结果表明：7种营养元素在植物组织中的平均含量排序为：Zn〉K〉Ca〉N〉Mg〉P〉Mn。而且不同器官对同一种元素的积累存在显著差异,总体规律表现为叶和花蕾积累元素最多,其次是枝条和根状茎,根和茎则积累最少。地上器官对各元素的转移能力表现出明显差异,但各器官均对氮素有较强的转运能力,转运因子均明显高于1。地下器官（根和根状茎）对氮素有较高的富集能力,富集因子同样明显高于1。7种元素在加拿大一枝黄花不同器官的吸收转运存在着一定的促进或者拮抗作用。在花蕾、枝条和根中,磷吸收分别与Mg、Mn和Zn吸收呈现显著负相关;在花蕾中,氮的吸收和Mn的吸收呈现显著正相关;在不同器官里,K、Ca、Mg、Zn和Mn吸收之间多呈现正相关。     

不同竹龄雷竹中硅及其他营养元素吸收和积累特征

在浙江省临安市的雷竹主产区,分别采集不同竹龄(1～4 a)和不同器官(叶、枝、秆)的雷竹样品,分析了Si和其他营养元素含量、吸收和积累特征,以及Si和其他营养元素之间的相互关系.结果表明： 雷竹各器官中C含量的大小顺序为竹秆>竹枝>竹叶,Si、N、P、K、Ca、Mg、Al、Fe和Mn含量的大小顺序为竹叶>竹枝>竹秆.除Mn主要积累在竹叶中外,其他9种营养元素主要积累在1年生雷竹的秆中.3～4年生雷竹竹叶的Si平均含量为13.66 g · kg^-1. 雷竹属于Si积累植物.随竹龄的增加,雷竹叶中的N、P、K和Mg含量减少,C、Al和Mn含量增加.雷竹对Si的吸收主要集中在第2年(57.1%),对N和K的吸收主要集中在前两年(67.7%～93.7%),此后N和K从植株体内流出,其流失量分别占总积累量的19.1%～39.1%.雷竹中Si与Ca、Al、Mn呈显著正相关,与N、P、K、Mg呈显著负相关.     

Soil-plant element relationships in a tundra ecosystem

The objectives of this study were to (1) provide a baseline estimate of soil and plant element concentrations for an intensive research site at Imnavait Creek in northern Alaska, and (2) examine the relationships between soil and plant elements in an arctic ecosystem. Soil and plant element concentrations were highly variable along biotic, spatial, and temporal axes. Deciduous shrubs had higher leaf concentration of N, P. K and Mg, whereas an evergreen shrub had higher leaf concentrations of Ca, Mn, Al and Si. Based on high required solution phase turnover rates, the most likely elemental deficiencies are N > P > K > Ca = Mg. Based on low required solution phase turnover rates and high soil concentrations. Fe, Mn, Zn and Cu deficiencies are unlikely. Manganese could be present in toxic concentrations. The nutrient bottleneck in tundra ecosystems appears to be the rate of nutrient movement to the solution phase.     

亚热带湿地松叶片多元素化学计量与养分回收对氮添加的短期响应

在我国南方亚热带湿地松人工林设置了3个水平的野外氮添加控制试验(0、40、120 kg N·hm^-2·a^-1),于2014和2015年生长季高峰期(7月底)和末期(10月底)采集湿地松成熟绿叶和落叶,分析外源氮添加对湿地松叶片碳(C)、氮(N)、磷(P)、钾(K)、钙(Ca)、镁(Mg)、铝(Al)、铁(Fe)、锰(Mn)9种元素浓度及其养分回收的影响.结果表明: N添加显著增加了湿地松绿叶中N、Al、Mn浓度,降低了P和2014年的Ca浓度,而对C、K、Mg、Fe 浓度无显著影响.N添加显著提高了绿叶N/P,且该比值及绿叶养分浓度(N、P、Mn)对N添加的响应依赖于N的剂量(高N条件下响应更强).N添加显著降低了2015年N的回收效率,提高了2014年K的回收效率.相比于养分回收效率,回收能力对增加的可利用氮响应更强.N添加显著降低了N的回收能力,提高了P、K的回收能力,降低了枯叶中的Fe浓度,而对枯叶中Ca、Mg、Al、Mn浓度无显著影响.这表明,N添加对叶片化学计量的影响因不同元素而异,植物会通过调整自身的养分内循环(养分回收)来应对环境变化.N添加提高了绿叶N/P和K/P,说明氮添加条件下植物生长可能由N、P共同限制转变为P限制.氮添加增加了绿叶中Al、Mn浓度,表明N添加下湿地松面临潜在的金属离子毒性风险升高.     

北京人工刺槐林化学元素含量特征

 31年生人工刺槐(Robinia pseudoacacia)林内各种植物的化学元素含量以C素最高,尤以刺槐树干中C含量多。N和Ca在刺槐叶片中含量大。丛生隐子草(Cleistogenes caespitosa)地上部分含K量高于林内其他植物。Fe在荆条(Vitex negundo var．heterophylla)叶片中含量较多。Al和Na在植物细根中含量为大。酸枣(Zizyphus jujuba var．spinosa) 叶中含有较高的Mg和Mn。 刺槐林的乔木、灌木、草本层化学元素积累量以C>Ca>N> K>Mg>P>Fe>Al>Na>Mn>Cu>Zn为序。灌木层化学元素积累量除C和Ca以外,均高于乔木层。对比地表枯枝落叶层化学元素总量与人工林元素的积累量,以Na的比值最高,Ca、Mn、Fe、Zn比值次之,元素归还量都较大。P比值较低,归还量较少。刺槐林土壤化学元素贮存量是以Ca>N>Mg>Fe>K>P>Na>Mn>Al>Zn>Cu为序。植物对土壤中化学元素的富集系数以K、Al和P较高。人工林元素积累量与土壤元素贮存量之比,亦以K、P、Al比值较高。可见土壤中的K、P和Al相对是不足的。     

青藏高原掌叶大黄和丽江大黄及其土壤的主要元素含量

采集掌叶大黄（Ｒｈｅｕｍ ｐａｌｍａｔｕｍ）和丽江大黄（Ｒｈｅｕｍ ｌｉｋｉａｎｇｅｎｓｅ）根茎、叶及根部土壤,应用ＩＣＰ测定主要元素含量特征,研究了２种大黄及其土壤的元素含量特征。结果表明,２种大黄土壤Ｐ含量远低于大黄根茎和叶,Ｆｅ含量则为土壤〉根茎〉叶,其中根茎与叶相差不大,但它们与土壤相差５０～１１０倍;Ｎａ、Ｍｎ、Ｃｕ含量在２种大黄中都表现为土壤〉叶〉根茎,Ｃａ含量在掌叶大黄中为土壤〈叶〈     

Nutrient cycling and foliar status in an urban pine forest in Athens, Greece

The nutrient cycling and foliar status for the elements Ca, Mg, K, N, P, S, Fe, Mn, Zn and Cu were investigated in an urban forest of Aleppo pine (Pinus halepensis) in 2004 in Athens, Greece in order to draw conclusions on the productivity status and health of the ecosystem. The fluxes of bulk and throughfall deposition were characterized by the high amounts of Ca, organic N and sulfate S. The magnitude of the sulfate S fluxes indicated a polluted atmosphere. The nutrient enrichment in throughfall was appreciable for ammonium N, P and Mn. The mineral soil formed the largest pool for all the elements followed by the forest floor, trunk wood and trunk bark. The understory vegetation consisting of annual plants proved important for storing N, P and K. Compared to current year needles of Aleppo pine in remote forests of Spain, the needles of the Aleppo pine trees in Athens had significantly higher concentrations of Ca, N, P and Cu and significantly lower concentrations of Mg and Zn. The soil had a high concentration of calcium carbonate and accordingly high pH values. When all inputs to the forest floor were taken into account, the mean residence time of nutrients in the forest floor followed the order Fe > Mn > Cu > Ca > Mg > P > Zn > N > K > S.     

元谋干热河谷燥红土和变性土上植物叶片的元素含量及其重吸收效率

采用盆栽试验,研究元谋干热河谷燥红土和变性土上生长的植物叶片以及凋落叶营养元素含量,并分析养分重吸收效率对土壤类型与物种互作的响应.结果表明: 土壤类型对叶片N、P、Ca、Mg、Cu、Zn、Fe、N∶P以及凋落叶N、P、Mn、N∶P均有显著影响;燥红土植物叶片与凋落叶N、Mn含量和N∶P显著高于变性土,而燥红土植物叶片P、Ca、Mg、Fe、Cu、Zn和凋落叶P含量显著低于变性土.燥红土植物叶片N含量较变性土高34.8%,而P含量低40.0%;在叶片凋落时,N、P、K表现为重吸收,而其他元素呈富集状态.燥红土凋落叶Ca、Mg、Mn富集系数显著高于变性土.物种仅对叶片N含量有显著影响,物种与土壤交互作用对植物叶片和凋落叶元素含量影响不显著,表明各土壤类型对不同物种元素含量的影响方式较为一致.土壤类型对植物元素含量的影响可进一步作用于干热河谷植物凋落物分解、植物-土壤的养分反馈以及生物地球化学循环.     

红三叶人工草地营养元素的生物循环

 本文研究了我国北亚热带高海拔地区红三叶人工草地11种营养元素的生物循环特征。结果表明:1.营养元素的存留量、归还量和吸收量均可分为5个水平;(1)高量级：氮、钾、钙;(2)中量级：磷、镁;(3)低量级：铁;(4)少量级：锰、锌、铜、硼;(5)微量级：钼。2．红三叶群落地上部的净生产量、自然归还量和元素的存留量均显著高于地下部。3．红三叶人工草地的元素输出量以氮、钾、钙较大。此外,对草用和种用红三叶群落营养元素生物循环特征的差异进行了比较。为维持本区红三叶人工草地营养元素的平衡,目前必须施用磷肥,施用量不能小于250kg·hm-2过磷酸钙。     

The contrasting effects of nutrient enrichment on growth,biomass allocation and decomposition of plant tissue in coastal wetlands

Background

Most studies focus on macronutrient of C, N and P and ignore other elements, which restrict our understanding on the strategy of plant nutrient adaption and nutrient cycling.

Methods

We investigated 14 element (C, N, P, S, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, Na, Al, and Ba) concentrations of green and senesced leaves in Quercus variabilis along the altitude in the Baotianman Mountains, China, and assessed their relationships with climate, soil, and plant functional traits.

Results

Leaf N,S and K increased with, C, Ca, Na, Fe, Mn, Cu and Ba decreased with, and P, Mg, Al, Zn and N:P did not change significantly with altitude. NRE and SRE increased with, and CRE decreased with altitude (p < 0.05). Among the 14 elements, nucleic acid-protein elements (N, K, S and P) were resorbed preferentially, compare to structural (Ca, Mn, and B) and enzymatic (C, Cu, Mg and Zn) that were discriminated against, and toxic (Al and Fe) elements that were totally excluded.

Conclusions

Q. variabilis can synergetically regulate green leaf multielement stoichiometry and nutrient resorption in responses to environment change. Deciduous plants may have a trade-off mechanism at the end of growing season to rebalance somatic nutrients.