河南省花生地方资源蛋白质和脂肪含量分析及其育种利用策略

对233份河南省地方花生资源进行了蛋白质含量、含油量、油酸和亚油酸含量的全面测定,并与省外和国外资源的相关性状进行了比较分析。在河南地方品种资源中,蛋白质含量中等,平均含油量和油酸含量相对较高,但缺乏蛋白质含量超过30%或含油量超过56%、油酸含量超过70%的突出材料。河南省目前高油品种选育有明显进展,育成了一批高油花生品种,但育成品种蛋白质含量普遍偏低。提出了充分利用现有地方品种资源,积极采用远缘杂交、诱变、分子标记辅助选择技术及现代基因工程技术创制优良种质,选育优质专用品种的育种策略。     

河南若干小麦品种籽粒戊聚糖含量的初步研究

1999-2000年对河南省8个有代表性的小麦品种的戊聚糖进行了测定,不同品种戊聚糖的平均含量变化范围为6%-9%。不同品种和不同生态条件下小麦籽粒戊聚糖含量均有很大差异。5个试点小麦籽粒戊聚糖的平均含量与千粒重,降落值均成负相关关系（r=-0.83,r=-0.31),而与蛋白质的含量却呈正相关关系（r=0.35)。说明戊聚糖含量与生态因素有很大关系,采用Eberhart-Russell模型对小鼠戊聚糖含量的稳定性进行分析。发现豫麦34是戊聚糖含量较理想的品种。     

越冬过程中桃小食心虫结茧和裸露幼虫体内耐寒性物质动态变化

为比较桃小食心虫Carposina niponensis Walsingham越冬过程中种群耐寒性的差异, 本文研究了其结茧和裸露幼虫自然种群的耐寒性,分别测定了不同时期桃小食心虫越冬幼虫过冷却点、体内含水量、总脂肪、总蛋白和总糖含量。结果表明：从10月至翌年2月份结茧和裸露越冬幼虫的过冷却点、结冰点、总蛋白含量、总糖和总脂肪含量及结茧幼虫的含水量均呈下降趋势。裸露幼虫含水量持续增加,在2月达到最高61.42%,在其存活的整个时期的含水量高于同时期结茧幼虫含水量。裸露幼虫的总糖含量持续降低,在2月份含量达到最低（0.65 μg/mg）,存活的整个时期显著低于同时期的结茧幼虫总糖含量。在裸露幼虫存活的整个时期总蛋白含量和总脂肪含量都和结茧幼虫没有显著差异(P>0.05)。在越冬过程中, 裸露幼虫体内高含水量和低含糖量可能是其不能正常越冬的原因。     

基于贝叶斯方法的湖南湘潭稻米Cd超标风险评估

于湖南省湘潭市下辖的湘潭、雨湖、湘乡3个县市区共采集稻田土壤和稻米样品73组,测定了土壤全Cd含量、土壤有效态Cd含量以及稻米Cd含量,分析了这3种Cd含量之间的相关性.在此基础上,根据先验概率与数据特征,提出了基于贝叶斯方法的稻米Cd超标风险评估方法,建立了风险评估模型.结果表明: 研究区土壤平均Cd含量、土壤有效态Cd含量及稻米Cd含量分别为(0.891±0.638)、(0.791±0.582)和(0.376±0.395) mg·kg^-1,土壤与稻米Cd含量超标率分别高达89.0%和52.1%.湘潭和雨湖稻米Cd含量与土壤Cd全量和有效Cd含量间均呈显著相关关系,且稻米Cd含量与有效Cd含量的相关性更高,湘乡稻米Cd含量与土壤Cd全量及有效Cd含量间均没有相关性.将土壤Cd全量和有效Cd含量作为贝叶斯风险评估模型的变量,预测的稻米Cd超标概率与实际超标率的偏差分别为6.6%和3.9%,说明贝叶斯风险评估模型可靠,但以有效Cd含量为依据的预测结果更准确.     

Adrenal catecholamines and related changes during different phases of morphine administration--a histochemical study

(1) Acute morphine treatment of rats reduced the total catecholamine content as well as the noradrenaline content of the adrenal gland. This was accompanied by increased ATPase activity and increased calcium content of the medullary cells. (2) After chronic morphine treatment, the total catecholamine content remained more or less unaltered, but the noradrenaline content was markedly increased together with the noradrenaline-containing areas, in comparison with what was observed in control animals. The ATPase activity of the medullary cells was found to be diminished along with the decreased calcium content. (3) In nalorphine-induced abstinence, a decrease in total catecholamine content together with a reduction of noradrenaline content and of noradrenaline-containing areas were observed. ATPase activity was also found to be increased with increased calcium content.     

干旱区沙枣-芨芨草群落土壤有机碳的空间格局

对宁夏干旱区的沙枣 芨芨草群落进行调查,分析土壤有机碳含量与地下生物量、土壤水分等因子的关系,以及土壤有机碳的积累机制.结果表明: 在沙枣-芨芨草群落中,随着土层深度的增加,土壤有机碳含量逐渐减少,且在水平和垂直方向上的变化格局较为平缓.不同区位土壤有机碳含量与其影响因子的相关性具有明显差异.0～30 cm层中,土壤有机碳含量与土壤含水量呈显著负相关;60～150 cm层中,土壤有机碳含量与根系生物量及土壤含水率呈显著正相关.经偏回归分析,0～30 cm层土壤中芨芨草根系生物量密度对土壤有机碳含量具有显著贡献;60～150 cm层中土壤有机碳格局主要受沙枣根系和土壤含水率的影响;而30～60 cm层土壤有机碳含量与根系生物量密度和土壤含水率的关系不显著.在沙枣 芨芨草群落内,不同层次、不同区位的土壤有机碳积累机制具有明显的差异.     

新铁炮百合生长发育过程的一些生理生化变化

对新铁炮百合(Lilium.formolongi)生长发育过程中的重要生理生化指标进行了研究。结果表明,新铁炮百合植株的干物率,淀粉,可溶性糖和蛋白质含量在不同生育期有不同的变化格局;鳞茎中的干物质、淀粉呈上升趋势,可溶性糖和蛋白质含量下降;茎叶中的干物质含量增加,淀粉含量在鳞茎成熟期下降,可溶性糖含量变化较小,蛋白质在开花期含量升到最大值;多酚氧化酶(PPO)、过氧化物酶(POD)活性,随着营养生长的加速而不断提高,但随着生殖生长的进程其酶活性逐渐下降。     

利用回交导入系群体定位大豆蛋白质含量与脂肪含量QTL

对大豆的蛋白质含量和脂肪含量进行QTL定位,可为其分子标记辅助育种提供依据。以回交导入系群体中黄13×中黄20的BC2F5的100个家系为材料,分析群体的SSR标记多态性,采用近红外光谱分析技术测定群体蛋白质含量和脂肪含量。构建了一张涵盖大豆20个连锁群、总长为948.01 c M、平均遗传距离为8.78 c M、包含108个SSR标记的大豆遗传连锁图谱。共检测到与蛋白质含量相关的QTL 5个,与脂肪含量相关的QTL 9个,其中Satt445~Sat_303连续2年被检测到与脂肪含量相关,Satt445~Sat_303与Satt543~Satt574均被检测到与蛋白质含量和脂肪含量相关,Sat_389~Satt590、Satt238~Satt388及Satt685~Sat_381均与脂肪含量相关。     

干旱胁迫对科尔沁沙地榆树幼苗C、N、P化学计量特征的影响

设置适宜水分、轻度、中度和重度干旱胁迫处理(即80%、65%、50%和35%田间持水量),研究干旱胁迫对榆树幼苗不同器官C、N、P化学计量的影响.结果表明:与适宜水分处理相比,干旱胁迫导致C含量在叶、茎、粗根和细根中增加,N含量在叶、茎和粗根中增加,P含量在叶、茎和粗根中下降,在细根中增加,C:N在叶和茎中下降,C:P及N:P在叶、茎和粗根中增加,在细根中下降.各器官间C含量呈显著正相关,而各器官间N与P相关性均不显著.土壤含水量与各器官C含量,叶N含量,细根P含量及C:N,叶、茎和粗根C:P及N:P呈显著负相关,而与细根N含量,叶、茎和粗根P含量,细根C:P及N:P呈显著正相关.因此,干旱胁迫影响榆树幼苗对N、P的吸收及向上运输,幼苗生长主要受N限制;随着干旱胁迫的加剧,叶、茎和粗根生长受P限制作用增强.     

外源植物生长调节物质对烟叶中腐胺和烟碱含量的影响

水培的烟草打顶和打顶后喷施腐胺（Put）,烟叶中Put和烟碱含量均增加,钾含量下降,Put含量与烟碱含量之间呈显著正相关;打顶喷施吲哚乙酸（IAA）和赤霉素（GA3）的烟叶中Put和烟碱含量下降,钾含量上升;喷施茉莉酸（JA）的烟碱含量提高,而Put含量变化不大;喷施脱落酸（ABA）和6-BA的叶中Put含量下降。     

Changes in nuclear, nucleolar and cytoplasmic RNA content during growth and differentiation of root parenchyma cells in plant species with different dynamics of DNA endoreplication

Using cytophotometric method, after staining preparations with gallocyanin RNA content was examined in nucleus, nucleolus and cytoplasm of six species of angiospermal plants in successive (1-7 mm) segments of root representing successive zones of differentiation. During the cell cycle, RNA content duplicates in the nucleus, nucleolus and cytoplasm of meristematic cells. On the other hand, during growth and differentiation of parenchyma cells in species with endoreplication the content of nucleolar RNA does not increase in proportion with DNA content. High level of endoreplication is connected with high nucleolar RNA content and low cytoplasmic RNA content. In species without endoreplication at low nucleolar RNA content, a considerable growth of cytoplasmic RNA content takes place.     

Kinetic Changes of Nucleic Acids and Protein During Embryogenesis of Wheat (Triticun vulgaris L.)

Per embryonic total nucleic acid, RNA content and per cell RNA content increased during embryogenesis, reached maximun at 21 day after anthersis. The per embryo and per cell protein content also increased concomitantly. But the protein content continued to increase up to 24 days after anthersis. On the basis of dry weight, RNA content decreased in the early stage of embryogenesis, but then increased over the period of later developmental stage. The protein content on the basis of dry weight also changed in similar way. It was likely the protein and RNA content changes concomitantly during the developmental process of wheat embryo. As to per embryo DNA content, it increased in early developmental stage, but then remained in a similar level during the later stage. The relationship between the changes of RNA content and protein synthesis, embryonie develope is also discussed in present paper.     

Trade-off between leaf chlorophyll and betacyanins in Suaeda salsa in the Liaohe estuary wetland in northeast China

Aims Pigment composition is an important functional trait that can be affected by environmental factors. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of soil salinity on pigment composition in Suaeda salsa by comparing chlorophyll and betacyanin content in the Liaohe estuary wetland, a typical coastal wetland in northeast China.Methods We investigated the plant biomass, percentage of red leaves and pigment content (chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and betacyanins) in S. salsa in intertidal and supratidal zones of the upper, middle and lower reaches of the Liaohe estuary wetlands. The Na + content of both the soil and plant was also measured. Full analysis of variance and multivariate analysis were used to compare differences in pigment content and Na + content between the supratidal and intertidal zones.Important findings Pigment composition was significantly affected by soil salinity. With increasing soil salinity, the percentage of red leaves was higher in the intertidal zone than in the supratidal zone. In all three reaches, plants had lower chlorophyll a content and higher betacyanin content in the intertidal zone than in the supratidal zone. Compared to chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b was less sensitive to soil salinity. There were no differences in chlorophyll b content between the intertidal and supratidal zones in the upper and lower reaches. Furthermore, pigment composition was associated with both the plant tissue and soil Na + content. Compared to the supratidal zone, the intertidal zone had a higher Na + content in plants. There was a negative relationship between plant chlorophyll content and soil Na + content, but a positive relationship between betacyanin content and soil Na + content. Overall, the results indicated that there might be a trade-off between leaf chlorophyll and betacyanin content in S. salsa to maintain its growth and survival in high salinity environments.     

根部喷施FeSO_4对春小麦籽粒组分和面粉品质的影响

以4个春小麦品种为材料,在温室条件下研究了根部喷施不同量FeSO4对小麦籽粒硫含量、铁含量、蛋白质含量、淀粉组成、SDS沉淀值、面筋品质和面团流变学特性的影响.结果表明:喷施FeSO4后4个品种的硫含量、铁含量、蛋白含量、SDS沉淀值、湿面筋含量和面筋指数均显著高于对照,但各处理间干面筋含量无显著变化,且不同品种、不同品质参数达到最高值的FeSO4喷施量并不一致;2个品种的直链淀粉含量、直支比和总淀粉含量比对照显著降低,另2个品种直链淀粉含量和直支比却无显著变化;各品种的面团形成时间、稳定时间和断裂时间随着FeSO4喷施量的增加呈现出先升高后降低的趋势,并均在15 g/m2或22.5 g/m2 FeSO4喷施量水平达到最佳,但均与FeSO4喷施量无显著相关性.研究发现,根部喷施适宜浓度的FeSO4可在一定程度上改善春小麦籽粒组分和面粉品质,但改善的效果因品种和品质参数而异.     

Nicotinamide coenzyme content in the normal and regenerating liver of rats

The content of NADH and NADPH was measured in the intact and regenerating rat liver. In the intact rat liver, the content of NAD+, NADH, NADP+ and NADPH was 235 +/- 6.4, 66.6 +/- 4.3, 73.3 +/- 2.5 and 148.0 +/- 4.6 micrograms/g crude liver weight, respectively. Seasonal alterations in the rat liver content of coenzymes were established. No changes were found in the content of nicotinamide coenzymes in the regenerating liver 4 and 18 h after operation. Twenty-four hours after operation, a 25.6% increase in the content of NAD+ and a 57.8% reduction in the NADH content were recorded in the liver of hepatectomized animals. At the same time the total content of NAD+ plus NADH changed but insignificantly (14.7%). The total content of NADP+ plus NADPH dropped by 29.8% (within the above period). Thirty-two hours after operation the content of all the nicotinamide coenzymes returned to the initial level.     

沙漠绿洲过渡带柽柳灌丛沙堆-丘间地系统土壤养分空间异质性

以塔克拉玛干沙漠南缘策勒沙漠绿洲过渡带为研究区,选取植被盖度依次为30%、15%—20%、10%和5%的4个典型样地,对各样地的柽柳灌丛沙堆-丘间地系统典型部位0—10 cm和10—20 cm土壤进行系统采样,分析土壤枯落物、有机质、全效N、P、K和速效N、P、K含量,从风沙地貌的角度研究过渡带沙漠化进程中土壤养分分布特征。结果表明:(1)随着植被总盖度的降低,灌丛沙堆表层0—10 cm土壤的枯落物、有机质、全N、全K、速效K含量呈降低趋势,平均降幅为69.3%、37.0%、35.3%、8.3%和24.5%。全P含量没有明显的变化,速效N和速效P含量呈先减小后增大的趋势;(2)从灌丛下→沙堆边缘→丘间地→风影区,土壤枯落物、有机质、全N、全P、速效N、速效P、速效K含量表现出先减小后增大的趋势,最大值位于灌丛下部位,最小值位于丘间地,但在植被盖度5%的样地,沙堆-丘间地系统各部位之间养分含量无显著性差异;(3)与0—10 cm土层相比,10—20 cm土层的枯落物、有机质、全N、全P和速效P含量显著降低,平均降幅为40.0%、27.0%、25.0%、4.5%和2.0%,全K、速效N和速效K含量明显增加,平均增幅为4.8%、103.3%和12.1%。随着植被盖度的降低,10—20 cm土层的养分含量具有与0—10 cm土层相对一致的变化趋势;(4)灌丛的生物反馈作用使得灌丛下部位具有明显的养分富集效应,但随着植被总盖度的降低和风沙活动不断加剧,非生物因素逐渐占据主导,灌丛的养分富集效应趋于减弱和消失。     

荒漠植物红砂叶绿素和脯氨酸累积与环境因子的相关分析

通过测定中国境内荒漠植物红砂(Reaumuria soongorica)主要分布区内21个自然种群407株叶片的叶绿素和脯氨酸含量,以及不同种群内土壤含水量、可溶性盐分含量、有机质、全氮、全磷含量等土壤理化性状指标,分析了不同自然种群红砂叶绿素和脯氨酸含量的变异特征以及影响其变化的主要环境因子.研究结果表明:红砂种群间叶绿素含量差异显著.土壤因子对叶绿素合成的影响较气象因子大,而土壤含水量和土壤全磷含量是导致不同红砂种群叶绿素含量出现明显差异的主要原因.红砂脯氨酸含量平均值显著高于盐爪爪、骆驼刺、芨芨草等其它荒漠物种,并且与叶片含水量和土壤含水量呈显著负相关,与土壤可溶性盐分含量呈显著正相关.红砂体内脯氨酸的累积是对干旱盐渍环境的适应性反应,与抗旱性和抗盐性之间存在着一定的关系.     

海河流域植物硫素含量特征的研究

本文研究了海流域各类植物硫元素含量特征及与土壤硫素的关系,结果表明：海河流域植物全硫量平均值为０．２３２％,为正常含量的下限值,与我国南,北方一些地区比较属中等水平,其中栽培植物略高于野生植物,植物硫含量范围差别悬殊,最大值可为最小值的２６倍,以沿大城市的水系和地区的植物含硫量高,海流域的土壤全硫含量平均值为０．０４３％（指耕地和天然植被的土壤）,为正常土壤含量的中上水平,植物硫元素含量与土壤硫含     

脱臭工艺对玉米油中反式脂肪酸含量的影响

目的：研究脱臭工艺对玉米油中反式脂肪酸含量的影响。方法：在实验室内对玉米油进行不同温度和时间的脱臭处理,利用气相色谱法分析处理后玉米油中的反式脂肪酸含量。结果：脱臭温度和脱臭时间均对玉米油中反式油酸的产生影响不显著。脱臭温度对玉米油中反式亚油酸含量影响显著,脱臭时间对玉米油中反式亚油酸含量影响不显著。在一定的脱臭时间,不同脱臭温度下,玉米油中总反式脂肪酸最多含量为最少含量的80倍以上;在一定的脱臭温度,而不同脱臭时间下,玉米油中总反式脂肪酸最多含量约为最少含量的1．5倍,且在255℃以下时,随脱臭时间延长,玉米油中总反式脂肪酸的形成速度缓慢、相对含量低。结论：玉米油精炼脱臭时,对脱臭工艺装备和工艺条件中的脱臭温度进行优化选择可有效减少玉米油反式脂肪酸的产生。     

果蔗叶片生理生化指标与品质性状的典范相关分析

选用果蔗（Saccharum officinarum L．）14个品种,用典范相关分析法研究不同生育期叶片生理生化指标对果蔗品质性状的影响。结果表明：分蘖期类胡萝卜素含量与蔗茎蔗糖含量,可溶性总糖含量与蔗茎含水率,可溶性总糖含量与蔗汁还原糖含量均呈正相关;伸长初期叶绿素含量、CAT活性与蔗茎蔗糖含量,可溶性蛋白质含量与蔗茎纤维含量均呈正相关;伸长盛期Mg^2＋ -ATP酶活性与蔗茎纤维含量,可溶性总糖含量与蔗茎蔗糖含量呈正相关,C／N与蔗茎含水率呈负相关;成熟期类胡萝卜素含量与蔗茎蔗糖含量呈正相关,可溶性总糖含量与蔗汁还原糖含量呈负相关。