中国大陆的腐霉属菌物

综述了中国大陆腐霉属的研究进展,内容包括腐霉属菌物的发生、分布、分类鉴定、致病性、所致植物病害防治及腐霉的利用等方面.至今,中国已报道的腐霉属菌物有64个种,其中有13个种作为世界新种进行了描述,这13个新种分别为:顶生腐霉Pythium acrogynum,孤雌腐霉P.amasculinum,百色腐霉P.baisense,北方腐霉P.boreale,短枝腐霉P.breve,壁合腐霉P.connatum,镰雄腐霉P.falciforme,贵阳腐霉P.guiyangense,广西腐霉P.guangxiense,下雄腐霉P.hypoandrum,昆明腐霉P.kummingense,南宁腐霉尸nanningense和中国腐霉P.sinensis.瓜果腐霉Pythium aphanidermatum为优势种,在全国普遍引起多种植物严重的猝倒病和根、茎、叶、果腐烂病.其中,大多数腐霉种对植物具有致病性,44个种寄生植物,1个种:紫菜腐霉P.porphyrae寄生红藻和紫菜,2个种:卡地腐霉P.carolinianum 和贵阳腐霉P.guiyangense寄生蚊子幼虫,2个种:努氏腐霉P.nunn和寡雄腐霉P.oligandrum 是真菌的重寄生菌.相比之下,台湾报道的腐霉种有48种(其中新种1个:四季腐霉P.sukuiense),海南报道的腐霉种有28种.对中国大陆腐霉属的研究前景也进行了讨论.     

A New Family of Entodiniomorph Protozoa from the Marsupial Forestomach, with Descriptions of a New Genus and Five New Species

ABSTRACT. A unique group of entodiniomorph protozoa was found in forestomach contents from quokka ( Setonix brachyurus ), western grey kangaroo ( Macropus fuliginosus ), red kangaroo ( Macropus rufus ) and euro ( Macropus robustus erubescens ). A new genus, Macropodinium n.g., containing five new species, is described. Three species are described from forestomach contents of the quokka: Macropodinium baldense n. sp., Macropodinium moiri n. sp. and Macropodinium setonixum n. sp. A single species, Macropodinium ennuensis n. sp., is described from the red kangaroo and euro. The last species, Macropodinium yalanbense n. sp., is described in forestomach contents from the western grey kangaroo. At least three distinct features in the new genus are incompatible with any of the described families in the order Entodiniomorphida. On this basis, the new family Macropodiniidae has been created.     

Taxonomic review of the Pterostichini and Loxandrini fauna of New Caledonia (Coleoptera, Carabidae)

The generic-level taxa included in Pterostichini and Loxandrini from New Caledonia are reviewed and a key to genera and species provided. Two new genera are described, Paniestichus and Abacophrastus, with the following new species: Paniestichus subsolianus, Abacophrastus millei, Abacophrastus chapes, Abacophrastus carnifex, Abacophrastus hobbit, Abacophrastus megalops, Abacophrastus reflexus and Abacophrastus bellorum. Abacoleptus curtus new species, is described. Notonomus irideus and Notonomus savesi are moved to Prosopogmus. Four new species of Prosopogmus are described: Prosopogmus koghisensis, Prosopogmus lescheni, Prosopogmus fortis and Prosopogmus aoupiniensis. Homalosoma griseolum is moved to Sphodrosomus. Cerabilia is newly recorded from New Caledonia and the genus is moved from Platynini to Loxandrini and therefore is the first report of Loxandrini from New Caledonia. An apparent adventive from Australia, Darodilia, is newly reported from New Caledonia.     

New species of the fleas Farhangia and Nestivalius,from endemic rodents in Sulawesi,Indonesia

The fleas (Siphonaptera: Pygiopsyllidae) Farhangia quattuordecimdentata sp. n. and Farhangia sedecimdentata sp. n. are described from pygmy squirrels (Prosciurillus spp.), and Nestivalius sulawesiensis sp. n. from murine rodents, all from Sulawesi, Indonesia. Both new species of Farhangia were collected in Central Sulawesi (Sulawesi Tengah); F. quattuordecimdentata sp. n. was recovered mainly from P. murinus, whereas F. sedecimdentata sp. n. was recovered mainly from P. leucomus. These new species are compared with the two previously described species of Farhangia: F. celebensis (Ewing) from P. murinus in North Sulawesi (Sulawesi Utara) and F. sciuri (Ewing) from the tree squirrel Callosciurus prevosti in Sabah (Borneo). Nestivalius sulawesiensis sp. n. was collected from six species of endemic murine rodents in both North and Central Sulawesi. It is compared to the morphologically similar N. pomerantzi (Traub) from Mindanao, which parasitizes murine hosts that are endemic to the Philippines.     

New taxa from Cerro Marahuaca,Venezuela

Two new species,Siphocampylus tillettii (Campanulaceae: Lobelioideae) andDuidaea marahuacensis (Asteraceae), are described from the summit of Cerro Marahuaca, Venezuela. These constitute the first records of any species known from the summit of this sandstone tepui.     

Musaespora,a genus of pyrenocarpous lichens with campylidia,and other additions to the foliicolous lichen flora of New Guinea

Abstract: The new lichen genus Musaespora is described from Java and Papua New Guinea. It is the first known pyrenocarpous lichen genus with campylidia, and appears to belong to the Aspidotheliaceae. Three species are described, two foliicolous species from Papua New Guinea and one corticolous species from Java. In addition, a list is given of the foliicolous lichen flora of the site in Papua New Guinea, where the foliicolous Musaespora species have been found, two more new foliicolous species are described, Echinoplaca hispida and Sporopodium lucidum, and 19 species are recorded for the first time form Papua New Guinea.     

The Trichoptera,Caddisflies, of Venezuela: Three New Species and Records of Atopsyche Banks (Hydrobiosidae)

Three new species of Atopsyche (Trichoptera: Hydrobiosidae) from Venezuela are described, Atopsyche (Atopsyche) allani, Atopsyche (Atopsyche) rinconi, and Atopsyche (Atopsaura) segninii, bringing to 23 the number of species in the genus known from the country. New records are presented for additional species.     

New earthworm species of the genus Amynthas Kinberg, 1867 from Thailand (Clitellata, Oligochaeta, Megascolecidae)

Four new species of terrestrial earthworms from the zebrus-group in the genus Amynthas Kinberg, 1867, are described from Nan province, north Thailand: Amynthas phatubensissp. n., from Tham Pha Tub Arboretum, Amynthas tontongsp. n., from Tontong Waterfall, Amynthas borealissp. n., from Chaloemprakiat district, and Amynthas srinansp. n., from Srinan National Park.After comparing with the two closely related Laos species Amynthas chandyi Hong, 2008 and Amynthas namphouinensis Hong, 2008, the four new species show clear morphological differences, and also it is confirmed that there are no previous records of the species described here. Amynthas phatubensissp. n. is the largest (longest) sized of these earthworms and is the only species that lives in limestone habitats. The genital characters are different among them and also from the two Laotian species. Molecular systematics would be a good method for further analysis of the diversity and species boundaries in SE Asian Amynthas.     

内蒙古长蝽科昆虫新种新记录记述(半翅目:长蝽科)

作者在研究内蒙古长蝽科标本时,发现长蝽科2个新种：阿拉善叶缘长蝽Emblethis alashanensissp.nov.,巴氏直缘长蝽Ortholomus batui sp.nov.,1个中国新记录属：弯齿长蝽属Raglius Stal,1872,3个中国新记录种：弯齿长蝽Raglius aboacuminatus(Goeze),蒙毛角长蝽Hyalocoris mongolicus Kerzhner,东方林长蝽Drymus orientalis Kerzhner。模式标本保存于内蒙古师范大学昆虫研究所标本馆。     

New genera, species, and improved phylogeny of Glissomonadida (Cercozoa)

Glissomonadida is an important cercozoan order of predominantly biflagellate gliding bacterivores found largely in soil and freshwater. Their vast diversity is largely undescribed. We studied 23 mostly newly isolated strains by light microscopy and sequenced their 18S rDNA genes; nine represent new species. For two misidentified ATCC 'Heteromita triangularis' strains, we establish novel gliding genera and species: the sandonid Mollimonas lacrima, the only glissomonad forming anterior and posterior pseudopodia, and Dujardina stenomorpha, a strongly flattened member of the new family Dujardinidae. A new strain from Oxfordshire grassland soil is the first reliably identified isolate of the virtually uniflagellate, smooth-gliding glissomonad genus, AllantionSandon, 1924. Phylogenetic analysis and cytological features reveal Allantion to be a member of Allapsidae. Sandona limna and Bodomorpha prolixa from Lake Baikal and Sandona hexamutans from volcanic Costa Rican soil are described as new species. Fifteen glissomonad strains were from grassland beside Lake Baikal. We describe two as new species of Sandona (S. heptamutans and S. octamutans); the others included strains of Sandona and Allapsa species that have already been described; and three were new species of Sandona and Allapsa but these died before being described. We discuss the ecological and evolutionary significance of these new strains.     

New Liphistius species (Araneae, Mesothelae) from southern Thailand and northern Malaysia

Four new Liphistius species are described from southern Thailand: L. rufipes (also occurring in northern Malaysia), L. fuscus, L. castaneus and L. albipes. The males of L. bicoloripes Ono and L. schwendingeri Ono are described for the first time. Zoogeography and taxonomic relationships are discussed, notes are given on the natural history of each species.     

Melanesomyia, a Tribally Unplaced New Genus of Dexiinae (Diptera: Tachinidae) from Indonesia (Maluku) and Papua New Guinea, With Description of Two New Species

A brief review of Australasian dexiine systematics is given. A tribally unplaced new genus, Melanesomyia , is described to accommodate two new species and an undescribed species from the Highlands of Papua New Guinea, as well as the generically unplaced species " Dexia" nivifera Walker, 1861, from the Moluccas Islands, Maluku Province, Indonesia. New species are: M. kraussi and M. wauensis. A key to the species is provided. Melanesomyia appears to have affinity (likely an example of homoplasy) with the Australian genus Trichostylum Macquart, 1851, and Rasiliverpa Barraclough, 1992, which is known only from New Caledonia and Fiji.     

Gnathostomulida from Fiji, Tonga and New Zealand

Of 54 species of Gnathostomulida known to date, only six have been reported from the Pacific Ocean. This paper describes 18 species of Gnathostomulida from the Pacific islands of Fiji. Tonga and northern New Zealand. Of these, three are species previously described from the northeastern Atlantic and Mediterranean: Haplognathia ruberrima (Sterrer 1966), or the northwestern Atlantic: Haplognathia rosacea (Sterrer 1970) and Pterognathia ctenifera (Sterrer 1970). Fifteen species are new to science, including three that represent two new genera: Cosmognathia arcus gen. et sp.n., Cosmognathia bastillae sp.n., Pterognathia crocodilus sp.n., Pterognathia vilii sp.n., Agnathiella sp., Tenuignathia vitiensis sp.n., Ratugnathia mukuluvae gen . et sp.n., Gnathostomula salotae sp.n., Gnathostomula raji sp.n., Gnathostomula maorica sp.n., Austrognathia singatokae sp.n., Austrognathia nannulifera sp.n., Austrognathia novaezelandiae sp.n., Austrognatharia homunculus sp.n., and Austrognatharia pecten sp.n.     

New Species,Synonymies and Records of the Neotropical Spider GenusAnyphaenoides Berland (Araneae,Anyphaenidae, Anyphaeninae)

New data on the genus Anyphaenoides are presented. A. paraguana Brescovit and A. lecta (Chickering) are synonymized with A. irusa Brescovit and Sillus placens (O.P.-Cambridge), respectively. The latter species is transferred to Anyphaenoides. The first records of an anyphaenine, A. pacifica (Banks), are given from Chile. Four new species are described: A. volcan from Panama; A. xiboreninho and A. coddingtoni from Brazil; and A. samiria from Peru.     

Interstitial Dorvilleidae (Annelida, Polychaeta) from Europe, Australia and New Zealand

Four dorvilleid species new to science are described from intertidal and subtidal sandy sediments. For three of them new genera are erected: Coralliotrocha natans gen. et sp.n., Microdorvillea otagensis gen. et sp.n. and Pusillotrocha Åkessoni gen. et sp.n. One species represents the first record of the genus Pettiboneia from Australia, P. australiensis sp.n. Ophryotrocha minuta Levi, 1954 redescribed from Helgoland is transferred to a different genus, Arenotrocha gen.n. The present taxa belong to a morphological series of species with an increasing degree of neoteny in the family Dorvilleidae.     

New Asellota from the Antarctic deep sea (Crustacea, Isopoda, Asellota), with descriptions of two new genera

Two new genera, Reductosoma gen.n. (Desmosomatidae) and Desmostylis gen.n. (Desmosomatidae), and five new species are described from the Maud Rise and the Gunnerus Ridgc, Antarctica. Two new species of the Desmosomatidae (Eugerdellatinae and Desmosomatinae) are described: Reduetosoma gunnera gen. et sp.n. and Desmosoma hesslera sp.n.; one species of the Munnopsidae (Eurycopinae), Disconectes colernuni sp.n.; and two species of the Macrostylidae from the Antarctic deep sea, Desmostylis obscurus gen. et sp.n. and Macrostylis sarsi sp.n. Comments on the phylogeny and zoogeography are given.     

New species of the genus Cranichis (Orchidaceae, Cranichidinae) from Colombia

Two new species of the Neotropical genus Cranichis are described: Cranichis carlos-parrae Szlach. & Kolan. and Cranichis zarucchii Szlach. & Kolan. Both species are known exclusively from the Colombian Andes, where they were found growing in montane forests and paramo above 2,550 m of elevation. Each species is described and illustrated, and the habitat and distribution data are provided. A distribution map of the new species is presented. A dichotomous key for identification Colombian species of Cranichis is provided.     

中国蝴蝶新种, 新亚种及新记录种（Ⅲ）（鳞翅目）

记述中国粉蝶科1新种,4新亚种,1新型,1中国新记录种及6个《中国蝶类志》未记述的已知种,所有模式标本保存在西北农林科技大学昆虫博物馆。