蜘蛛抱蛋属中甾体皂甙的分布

在文献资料和实验研究的基础上,本文总结了甾体皂甙在蜘蛛抱蛋属植物中的分布。发现单羟基的薯蓣皂甙元的配糖体一蜘蛛抱蛋皂甙(薯蓣皂甙元-3-O[β-D-葡萄吡喃糖基(1→2)]-[β-D-木吡喃糖基(1→3)]-β-D-葡萄吡哺糖基(1→4)-β-D-半乳吡哺糖甙),广泛存在于所研究过的这些植物中,而且是大部植物根茎的主要皂甙。它是蜘蛛抱蛋属植物的特征化学成分,表明该属是一个自然类群,甾体皂甙对它是有分类学意义的。     

裂果薯的化学成分研究——皂甙甲和乙

从裂果薯(Tacca plantaginea Drenth)中分离到甲、乙、丙三个甾体化合物。化物合甲和乙,经光谱解析和化学分析鉴定为两个新甾体皂甙。其中裂果薯皂甙甲(Ⅱ)为一个糖连接方式上不常见的皂甙(约茂皂甙元-3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖(1→2)[α-L-吡喃鼠李糖(1→3)][α-L-吡喃鼠李糖(1→4)]-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖甙);裂果薯皂甙乙(Ⅲ)(约茂皂甙元-3-O-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖(1—2)[α-L-吡喃鼠李糖(1→3)]-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖甙)。丙为豆甾醇甙。     

盾叶薯蓣地上部分的三个新甾体皂甙

从盾叶薯蓣Dioscorea zingiberensis Wright地上部分分离鉴定了四个甾体皂甙,经鉴定甙A为约莫皂甙元-3-O-[α-L-鼠李吡喃糖基(1→2)]-β-D-葡萄吡喃糖甙;甙B为24α-羟基约莫皂甙元-3-O-[α-L-鼠李吡喃糖基(1→2)]β-D-葡萄吡喃糖甙;甙C为约莫皂甙元-3-O-[α-L-鼠李吡喃糖基(1→2)][β-D-葡萄吡喃糖基(1→4)]-β-D-葡萄吡喃糖基;甙D为约莫皂甙元-3-O-[α-L-鼠李吡喃糖基(1→2)][β-D-葡萄吡喃糖基(1→3)]-β-D-葡萄吡喃糖甙。前三者为新化合物,分别命名为盾叶皂甙A_1、A_2、A_3(zingiberoside A_1、A_2、A_3),其中盾叶皂甙A_2的甙元为一新甾体皂甙元,命名为盾叶皂甙元(zingiberogenin)。     

鲜盾叶薯蓣中原始皂甙的分离与鉴定

从盾叶薯蓣(Dioscorea zingiberensis Wright)新鲜根茎的甲醇提取物分离到薯蓣皂甙元棕榈酸酯(diosgenin palmitate)、β-谷甾醇(β-sitosterol)、纤细皂甙(gracillin)、原纤细皂甙(protogracillin)和原盾叶皂甙(protozingiberemissaponin),后者为一新甾体皂甙,结构推定为3-O-{α-L-鼠李吡喃糖(1→3)-[β-D-葡萄吡喃糖(1→2)]-β-D-葡萄吡喃糖}-26-O-{β-D-葡萄吡喃糖}-薯蓣皂甙元(3-O-{α-L-rhamnopyran0syl(1→3)-[β-D-glucopyranosyl(1→2)]-β-D-glucopyranosyl}-26-O-{β-D-glucopyranosyl}-diosgenin)。     

滇产植物皂素成分的研究——Ⅹ.五指莲的两个新甾体皂甙(1)

从重楼属植物五指莲Paris axialis H.Li.根茎中分离到三个甾体皂甙,经化学降解,质谱,核磁共振谱分析,证明其中两个甙为新的化合物,即偏诺皂甙元-3-O-β-D-葡萄吡喃糖基(1→3)[α-L-鼠李吡喃糖基(1→2)]-β-D-葡萄吡喃糖甙(Ⅰ)和24α-羟基偏诺皂甙元-3-O-β-D-葡萄吡喃糖基(1→3)][α-L-鼠李吡喃糖基(1→2)]-β-D-葡萄吡喃糖(Ⅲ);另一个鉴定为薯芋皂甙元-3-O-β-D-葡萄吡喃糖基(1→3)[α-L-鼠李吡喃糖基(1→2)]-β-D-葡萄吡喃糖甙(Ⅱ)。     

滇重楼地上部分的甾体皂甙

从滇重楼Paris polyphylla Sm. var. yunnanensis (Fr.) H-M.地上部分分离得到3个甾体皂甙,经光谱测定和化学降解证明其化学结构分别为:偏诺皂甙元3O-α-L-鼠李吡喃糖基(1→2)〔α-L-鼠李吡喃糖基(1→4))-β-D-葡萄吡喃糖甙(A);孕甾-5,16-二烯-3β-醇-20-酮,3β-O-α-L-鼠李吡喃糖基(1→2)〔α-L-鼠李吡喃糖基(1→4)〕-β-D-葡萄吡喃糖甙(B);孕甾-5,16-二烯-3β-醇-20-酮,3β-O-α-L-鼠李吡喃糖基(1→2)〔α-L-鼠李吡喃糖基(1→4)-α-L-鼠李吡喃糖基(1→4)〕-β-D-葡萄吡喃糖甙(C)。甙A、B和C在滇重楼根中尚未发现,甙C系首次从重楼属植物中获得,而甙A具有止血的活性。     

屏边三七根茎中的两个新的齐墩果酸皂甙

从屏边三七(Panax stipuleanatus Tsai et Feng)根茎中分离到二个齐墩果烷型新皂甙,命名为屏边三七甙(stipuleanoside)R_1和R_2,其化学结构经光谱分析和化学降解反应,分别确定为齐墩果酸-3-O-β-D-葡萄吡喃糖基(1→3)[α-L-阿拉伯呋喃糖基(1→4)]-β-D-葡萄吡喃糖醛酸甙(1)和齐墩果酸[28-O-β-D-葡萄吡喃糖基]-3-O-β-D-葡萄吡喃糖基(1→3)[α-L-阿拉伯呋喃糖基(1→4)]-β-D-葡萄吡喃糖醛酸甙(3)。     

蜘蛛抱蛋属中甾体皂甙的分布

在文献资料和实验研究的基础上,本文总结了甾体皂甙在蜘蛛抱蛋属植物中的分布。发现单羟基的薯蓣皂甙元的配糖体—蜘蛛抱蛋皂甙（ 薯蓣皂甙元＿３＿Ｏ［βＤ葡萄吡喃糖基（１ →２）］［βＤ木吡喃糖基（１ →３）］βＤ葡萄吡喃糖基（１ →４）βＤ半乳吡喃糖甙） ,广泛存在于所研究过的这些植物中,而且是大部植物根茎的主要皂甙。它是蜘蛛抱蛋属植物的特征化学成分,表明该属是一个自然类群,甾体皂甙对它是有分类学意义的     

黑刺菝葜中的甾体皂苷

从黑刺菝葜(Smitax scobinicaulis C.H.Wringh)根茎中再次分离得到2个新的甾体皂苷化合物,经理化、光谱分析及与标准样品对照,鉴定化合物Ⅲ为(25D)螺甾-5-烯-3β,17α,27-三羟基-3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖-(1→4)-O-[α-L-吡喃阿拉伯糖(1→6)]-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖甙。化合物Ⅳ为(25D)螺甾-3β,17α,27-三羟基-3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖-(1→4)-O-[α-L-吡喃阿拉伯糖(1→6)]-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖甙。     

小花草玉梅化学成分研究

目的:研究银莲花属植物小花草玉梅的化学成分。方法:采用硅胶柱色谱,凝胶柱色谱,反相柱色谱并结合制备高效液相色谱等技术分离纯化单体化合物,并根据理化性质及光谱数据鉴定结构。结果:分离并鉴定了4个化合物,分别是常春藤皂苷元-28-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖酯苷(1)、3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖-(1→2)-α-L-吡喃阿拉伯糖-齐墩果酸皂苷元-28-O-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖-(1→4)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖-(1→6)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖酯苷(2)、3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖-(1→2)-α-L-吡喃阿拉伯糖-常春藤皂苷元-28-O-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖-(1→4)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖-(1→6)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖酯苷(3)和3-O-β-D-吡喃核糖-(1→3)-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖-(1→2)-α-L-吡喃阿拉伯糖-常春藤皂苷元-28-O-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖-(1→4)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖-(1→6)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖酯苷(4)。结论:化合物1为首次从银莲花属植物中分离得到,2-4为首次从小花草玉梅中分离得到。     

HUMAN CHROMOSOME Y AND SRY

The precise location of the SRY gene on the human Y chromosome has been revealed through studies of sex reversal cases involving deletion, cross-linking and mutations of the SRY gene. Its DNA sequence and mechanism of action are being understood. Similarity of SRY with Sry of mice and its interaction with other genes in male sex determination are discussed.     

Natural antimicrobial susceptibilities and biochemical profiles of Yersinia enterocolitica-like strains: Y. frederiksenii, Y. intermedia, Y. kristensenii and Y. rohdei

The natural susceptibility of 131 Yersinia strains of Y. frederiksenii (n=38), Y. intermedia (n=48), Y. kristensenii (n=26) and Y. rohdei (n=19) to 70 antibiotics was tested. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values were determined with a microdilution procedure in IsoSensitest broth (all strains) and cation-adjusted Mueller Hinton broth (some strains). All species were naturally sensitive or sensitive and of intermediate susceptibility to tetracyclines, aminoglycosides, acylureidopenicillins, numerous cephalosporins, carbapenems, aztreonam, quinolones, chloramphenicol, folate-pathway inhibitors, nitrofurantoin, and fosfomycin. Uniform natural resistance was found with penicillin G, oxacillin, several macrolides, lincosamides, streptogramins, glycopeptides, rifampicin and fusidic acid. Species-specific differences in susceptibility affecting clinical assessment criteria were seen with aminopenicillins (in the presence and absence of beta-lactamase inhibitors), ticarcillin and some cephalosporins. Major medium-dependent susceptibilities were found with fosfomycin. beta-Lactam MIC susceptibility patterns suggested that most strains of the species tested produce both class A and class C (AmpC) beta-lactamases that are characteristic for the species. The present study describes a database concerning the natural susceptibility of some Y. enterocolitica-like species to a wide range of antibiotics, which can be applied to validate forthcoming antibiotic susceptibility tests of these strains and might contribute to their identification. An evaluation of 30 biochemical tests that secured phenotypic identification to the Yersinia species level is presented.     

Yersiniae other than Y. enterocolitica, Y. pseudotuberculosis, and Y. pestis: the ignored species

The genus Yersinia is composed of 11 species, of which three (Y. pestis, Y. pseudotuberculosis, and Y. enterocolitica) have been exhaustively characterized. The remaining eight species (Y. frederiksenii, Y. intermedia, Y. kristensenii, Y. bercovieri, Y. mollaretii, Y. rohdei, Y. ruckeri, and Y. aldovae) have not been studied extensively and, because of the absence of classical Yersinia virulence markers, are generally considered to be nonpathogenic. However, recent data suggest that some of these eight species may cause disease by virtue of their having virulence factors distinct from those of Y. enterocolitica. These data raise intriguing questions about the mechanisms by which these species interact with their host cells and elicit human disease.     

Steroidal Glycosides from Aspidistra leshanensis K. Y. Lang et Z. Y. Zhu

Two steroidal glycosides were isolated from the rhizome of Aspidistra leshanensis K. Y. Lang et Z. Y. Zhu. Their structures were established as 5-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-convalla- genin-B and aspidistrin on the basis of chemical and spectral evidences. Diosgenin, isonarthogenin, convallagenin-B, β-sitosterol and a sapogenin with three hydroxyls were obtained from the acid-treated n-BuOH extract.     

Characterization of Yersinia enterocolitica, Y. intermedia, Y. aldovae, Y. frederiksenii, Y. kristensenii and Y. pseudotuberculosis by electrophoretic polymorphism of acid phosphatase, esterases, and glutamate and malate dehydrogenases

Acid phosphatase, esterases, and glutamate and malate dehydrogenases of 192 strains of Yersinia enterocolitica, Y. intermedia, Y. aldovae, Y. frederiksenii, Y. kristensenii and Y. pseudotuberculosis were analysed by horizontal polyacrylamide agarose gel electrophoresis and by isoelectrofocusing in thin-layer polyacrylamide gels. The six species were clearly separated from each other by their distinct enzyme electrophoretic polymorphism. For Y. enterocolitica, the strains of biotype 5 were differentiated from the other biotypes by the mobility of glutamate dehydrogenase. For Y. frederiksenii, six zymotypes were delineated by pI and by the mobility of the enzymes. Variation in number or mobility of esterases within each species could represent a marker for epidemiological and ecological analyses. A linear relationship was obtained between the mean genetic diversity coefficient of enzymes and the mean percentage DNA-DNA relatedness of Y. intermedia, Y. aldovae, Y. enterocolitica and Y. frederiksenii.     

四川蜘蛛抱蛋的甾体皂甙

从四川蜘蛛抱蛋（Ａｓｐｉｄｉｓｔｒａ ｓｉｃｈｕａｎｅｎｓｉｓ Ｋ。Ｙ。Ｌａｎｇ ｅｔ Ｚ。Ｙ。Ｚｈｕ）根状茎中分离得到三个甾体皂甙,经光谱和化学方法分别鉴定为２２－甲氧基－５β－呋喃甾烷－１β,３β,４β,５β,２６－五羟基２６－Ｏ－β－Ｄ吡喃葡萄糖甙（１）,蜘蛛抱蛋皂甙（２）和原蜘蛛抱蛋皂甙（３）。（１）是一个呋喃甾醇型单糖链的新皂甙,（３）是本植物的主要皂甙。     

秀叶苏铁——广西苏铁属一新种

本文发表了一苏铁属新种,即秀叶苏铁,对其特征进行了阐述。