我国双身虫亚科（Diplozoinae）吸虫的研究

双身虫是我国广泛分布的鱼类寄生虫,但研究不多。本文就我国双身虫亚科的主要形态特征、区系组成和地理分布作了研究和总结。作者认为,双身虫生殖腺的位置以及精巢的结构和数目;体后部肠道的结构;固着铗的结构和大小顺序是分类的主要依据。目前我国已知4属28种,其中包括一新种——福建华双身虫Sindiplozoon fujianensis sp.nov.Paradiplozoon占71.43％,Sindiplozoon占17.86％,Inustiatus占7.14％,Endiplozoon占3.87％。多数种类具较强的寄主特异性。主要的经济养殖鱼类均遭侵袭。     

澜沧江黄尾短吻鱼寄生拟双身虫属一新种

记述了澜沧江水系西双版纳景洪流域段(22°0'28″N,100°47'43″E)黄尾短吻鱼Sikukia flavicaudata Chu et Chen鳃上寄生的拟双身虫属Paradiplozoon一新种。新种全长平均2.539 mm,体前部长平均1.500 mm,体后部长平均0.894 mm,宽平均0.143 mm。半月形口吸盘1对。卵巢椭圆形,位于体后部前端。睾丸1枚,长条状,不分叶,位于卵巢后。新种在固着铗形状、大小顺序、睾丸形态及数目以及肠在体后部的分支情况等与拟双身虫属已记录种存在明显差异。同时鉴于单殖吸虫宿主特异性,认为在澜沧江特有土著鱼类黄尾短吻鱼鳃上发现的该种单殖吸虫为拟双身虫属科学上一未记录种,以采集地命名为版纳拟双身虫Paradiplozoon bannaensis sp.nov.。新种模式标本保存在云南师范大学生命科学学院。     

越南华枝(虫骨)属一新种((虫骨)目:异(虫骨)科)

记述了华枝(虫骨)属Sinophasma Gnther一新种越北华枝(虫骨)Sinophasma vietnamense新种.描述了新种的外部形态特征,并与近似种比较区别,附主要特征图.     

基于28S rDNA C1-D2区的鳞盘虫科单殖吸虫系统学初步研究

首次利用核糖体28S rDNA C1-D2区序列对鳞盘虫科开展初步的系统学分析,探讨鳞盘虫科各亚科是否成立及其相互关系,并考察鳞盘虫属的单系性问题.结果表明:1)寄生在黄姑鱼Nibea albiflora上的Sinodiplectanotrema属虫种与鳞盘虫科虫种表现出较近的亲缘关系,因虫种后吸器不具鳞盘,故应纳入鳞盘虫科4亚科之一的Murraytrematoidinae亚科;2)本研究不支持Murraytrematoidinae亚科的单系性,并支持Doumingous(2004)废除Murraytrematoidinae亚科并将其中的Lobotrema和Murraytrema二属归入Diplectaninae亚科这一做法;3)对于Doumingous(2004)所提议的新Diplectaninae亚科是否为单系群需进一步探讨;4)本研究支持Lamellodiscinae亚科的单系性;5)7种鳞盘虫属虫种的分析结果显示鳞盘虫属具有明显的非单系性.今后需要将形态学分析和分子系统学分析结合起来,通过分析更多的虫种,才有可能理解鳞盘虫属及鳞盘虫科其它种类的适应辐射问题.     

威(虫兆)属一新种及阔(虫兆)属在我国的发现(昆虫纲:弹尾目)

描述了采自上海地区的威(虫兆)属一新种Willemia shanghaiensis,并报道中国新纪录种厚角阔(虫兆)Oncopodura crassicornis Shoebotham,1911.新种模式标本存放于中国科学院上海昆虫研究所标本馆.     

泥盆纪三叶虫Cordania在中国的发现及其动物地理学意义

柯达虫属(Cordania Clarke,1892)是短额虫科(Brachymetopidae Prantl et Pribyl,1951)所辖的一个奇异的三叶虫属,以往只出现于北美阿巴拉契亚地区的俄克拉何马和加斯佩半岛之间和苏联哈萨克。该属建立后,惠廷顿(Whittington,1960)和坎贝尔(campbell,1977)又进行过详细的研究和补充,坎贝尔还以它为基础在短额虫科下建立了柯达虫亚科(Cordaninae)。Cordania属的主要特征是:头鞍强凸,向前尖缩;头鞍基底叶与头鞍完全分离;第二对头鞍沟微弱;鞍前区宽;前边缘宽而凸起;在鞍前区之后有一条平行于前边缘沟之附加沟;前边缘沟较深阔;眼叶小,眼区凸;面线     

额尔齐斯河高体雅罗鱼指环虫种群动态及中国一新记录种（英文）

2009年4月到2012年7月对额尔齐斯河(中国段)高体雅罗鱼鳃部寄生的指环虫进行了取样调查,以期了解该鱼指环虫的种群生态学特点。结果表明,高体雅罗鱼共感染了三种指环虫,分别为号筒指环虫、小刺指环虫、大翼指环虫,该鱼的总感染率为28.47%,平均感染强度为7.39(1—42)。感染率、感染强度在不同体长组的宿主中表现出不同的变化趋势,指环虫的感染率在30 cm以上的宿主中达到最大,为50%,而在L10范围内未发现感染;在不同体长组宿主中指环虫种群的分布类型主要为聚集分布,另外,根据形态学特征鉴定大翼指环虫(Dactylogyrus alatus f.major Linsyow,1878)为我国指环虫属一新记录种,论文对其主要形态特征进行了描述并绘制了特征图,同时与寄生于高体雅罗鱼鳃上的国内已记述指环虫属虫种的主要形态特征作了比较。     

浙赣两省寄生双身虫四新种

在整理浙江和江西两省双身虫标本中,发现四个新种,兹描述于下。模式标本保存于杭州大学生物系。文内量度均以毫米为单位。 赤眼鳟双身虫,新种 Diplozoon squaliobarbi sp. nov. (图1) 寄主:赤眼鳟 Squaliobarbus curriculus (Rich.) 寄生部位:鳃丝 分布地区:江西鄱阳湖     

中国叉(虫责)属二新种(襀翅目,叉(虫责)科)

记述我国叉(虫责)属Nemoura 2新种:吉林叉(虫责)N.ijlinensis sp.nov.、妙峰山叉(虫责)N.miaofengshanensis sp.nov.,描述了其形态特征并与近似种做了比较.     

重庆八腱索线虫新种的描述

本文记述了寄生于中华按蚊幼虫体内的一种索科(Mermithidae)线虫,属八腱索属中的一新种——重庆八腱索线虫(Octomyomermis chongqingensis sp.nov.)。根据其形态学特征进行测量和描述,并与本属内的近似种作了鉴别比较。本属在我国尚属首次记录。     

Abnormalities of the attachment clamps of representatives of the family Diplozoidae

A comparative study has been made of the haptoral morphology of four species of diplozoon (Monogenea: Diplozoidae) from the gills of fish exposed to different levels of water pollution in two river systems in eastern Europe. An examination of the haptors of Paradiplozoon homoion (Bychowsky & Nagibina 1959), Paradiplozoon ergensi (Pejcoch 1968) and Paradiplozoon megan (Bychowsky & Nagibina 1959) from chub caught in the River Morava, Czech Republic and of Diplozoon paradoxum (Nordmann 1832) from bream recovered from the River Volga, Russia has revealed abnormalities to the attachment clamps. Two abnormal conditions were found: structural alterations to the attachment clamps and changes in the number of attachment clamps; these occurred both singly and in combination. A higher frequency of abnormal attachment clamps was found in diplozoons from fish caught in the more polluted localities of both rivers. The abnormalities have been recorded and their morphology compared in the light of conditions of environmental stress.     

Prevalence of helminth parasites in three species of cichlids from a man-made lake in Zambia

A study of certain aspects of two man-made lakes at the University of Zambia Lusaka Campus was carried out. The three species of cichlids with which the lakes were stocked: Tilapia rendalli (Boulenger, 1896); Oreochromis (formerly Tilapia ) macrochir (Boulenger, 1910) and O. (formerly T. ) andersonii (Castelnau, 1896) were examined for helminth parasites.
The most numerous was Cichlidogyrus Paperna, 1960; followed by Acanthogyrus (Acanthosentis) tilapiae Baylis, 1948. A few metacercarial cysts of Clinostoman Leidy, 1856; a few cysticercoids of Paradilepis delachauxi Fuhrm, 1909 and a single specimen of a probable new genus of Monogenea (near Diplozoon Nordmann, 1832) were also found.
The prevalence and seasonal variation in numbers of the two most common parasites are discussed in relation to parasite loads in different ages and sexes of the host fish.     

Identification of European diplozoids (Monogenea, Diplozoinae) by restriction digestion of the ribosomal RNA internal transcribed spacer

The second internal transcribed spacer (ITS2) of the ribosomal RNA genes of Diplozoon paradoxum and Paradiplozoon nagibinae were amplified and sequenced. The polymerase chain reaction product of D. paradoxum was bigger (840 bp) than that of P. nagibinae (820 bp). There was no intraspecific variability recorded in sequences from either species. Sequence comparisons and ITS2 restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) pattern of 8 European diplozoid species aimed to resolve their identification and amend the previous studies. RFLP was used to distinguish the 2 species from each other and from P. bliccae, P. homoion, P. megan, P. pavlovskii, P. sapae, and Eudiplozoon nipponicum, using restriction enzymes AluI, HaeIII, HinfI, RsaI, and SphI. The criteria for morphological identification of 8 European diplozoids are also included, with the main morphological characters of clamps, trapeze spur, and anterior joining sclerites of 8 diplozoid species being illustrated. Combination of the shape and comparison of length of the trapeze spur and anterior joining sclerites could lead to accurate identification of diplozoid species.     

Molecular characterization of Diplozoidae populations on 5 species of Cyprinidae: new data on parasite specificity

The genus Diplozoon (Platyhelminth) exhibits one of the most striking modes of reproduction. Adults reproduce after the permanent fusion of two larval hermaphrodites, which play a symmetrical role. The Diplozoidae are also exceptional among the Monogenea Polyopisthocotylea for two other reasons. They represent the only group really diversified on continental freshwater fishes; however, this diversification is difficult to evaluate since few morphoanatomical criteria are available to distinguish species and their host specificity is atypically variable among the Monogenea. For the first time in the Diplozoidae, the problems of species definition and of host specificity are examined using molecular tools. Two ribosomal markers (ITS2 and 28S rDNA (D1)) have been sequenced in five Diplozoidae, interacting with five Cyprinidae host species: the corresponding parasite-host systems have been well characterised, revealing some contrasting situations in the relations between Diplozoidae and Cyprinidae. Some species are effectively strictly host specific, but Diplozoon scardinii initially considered as a specific species on Scardinius erythrophtalmus and D. homoion on Rutilus rutilus are proposed to be a single species on the basis of their identical ITS2 and 28S rDNA sequences. On the same basis we proposed that D. paradoxum is able to parasitize two fish species, Abramis brama and Blicca bjoerkna, despite the morphological differences observed between the two xenopopulations. Phylogenetic relationships among Diplozoidae species were estimated with ITS2 sequences while cytochrome b sequences were used for their fish hosts. Finally, the comparison between these two molecular phylogenies seems to exhibit the phenomenon of cospeciation.     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">Lamproglena hepseti</Emphasis> n. sp. (Copepoda: Lernaeidae), a gill parasite of the African pike <Emphasis Type="Italic">Hepsetus odoe</Emphasis> (Bloch) from the Okavango River and Delta,Botswana

During surveys of the biodiversity of fish parasites in the Okavango River and Delta, Botswana, specimens of Lamproglena von Nordmann, 1832 were found associated with the African pike Hepsetus odoe (Bloch). This Lamproglena species distinctly differs from all known species based on morphological features, in particular the cephalothorax and the maxilliped; it is described as L. hepseti n. sp. and is specific to its host, the African pike.     

Surface carbohydrates of Eudiplozoon nipponicum pre- and post-fusion

The development of the monogenean Diplozoon (Nordmann, 1832) (Diplozoidae) necessitates fusion of two larval stages (diporpae) into one double organism. How diporpae find, distinguish and contact each other is unclear, nor is the nature of the stimuli responsible for the dedifferentiation of cells and the formation of new tissues at the site of somatic fusion. Previous studies have implied a role for carbohydrates and glycoproteins in the interactions between helminth parasites and their hosts. Hypothetically, glycoconjugates may also be involved in the establishment of parasite-parasite associations. Changes in the surface saccharide residues during the development of Eudiplozoon nipponicum, a gill ectoparasite of carp (Cyprinus carpio) are described. Flat-fixed specimens and sections of diporpae, juveniles (just-fused) and adult worms were examined following exposure to a panel of 12 FITC-conjugated lectins. All developmental stages exhibited a specific surface binding pattern with ten lectins, indicating that Man/Glc, GlcNAc, Gal and GalNAc are probably present on their surfaces. No reaction was observed with Fuc-specific lectins (UEA-I and LTA). There is evidence that parasite development is accompanied by both qualitative and quantitative changes in the saccharide pattern distribution. The diporpa sucker reacted with nine lectins, excluding BS-II. A very strong binding of PNA, LCA and ConA (Gal and Man/Glc-specific lectins) was observed with the papilla glands of juvenile worms. The role of glandular secretions in this unique fusion process is discussed.     

中国蚜小蜂科一新纪录属及一新纪录种(膜翅目,小蜂总科)

记述蚜小蜂科Aphelinidae艾蚜小蜂亚科Eriaporinae的中国1新纪录属,迈蚜小蜂属Myiocnema Ashmead,以及中国1新纪录种,康氏迈蚜小蜂Myiocnema comperei Ashmead。讨论了艾蚜小蜂亚科的分类概况,记述了迈蚜小蜂属的属征、地理分布及其生物学,以及中国新纪录种的形态特征、寄主、分布等,并附有形态特征照片。研究标本保存于福建农林大学植物保护学院。     

Identification of Monogenea made easier: a new statistical procedure for an automatic selection of diagnostic linear measurements in closely related species

We introduce a new statistical method to select which morphological characters are most useful to identify monogenean species. The method estimates the average size overlap of candidate diagnostic structures among a set of species to individuate those that mostly differ between the species. To demonstrate our approach, we report a comprehensive analysis conducted on two of the most species‐rich monogenean genera: Dactylogyrus Diesing, 1850 and Gyrodactylus von Nordmann, 1832. We demonstrate that, in contrast to common taxonomic practice, very few but highly diagnostic measurements are necessary to correctly identify a specimen. In particular, we found that most of Dactylogyrus and Gyrodactylus species can be classified on the basis of the width of the supplementary connecting bar and of the length of the hook sickle, respectively.     

上海地区新入侵草坪害虫早熟禾拟茎草螟的鉴定及危害

在上海发现一种取食观赏草坪矮生百慕大Cynodon dactylon的草螟科新害虫。为了明确这一新害虫的分类地位、 寄主及危害状况, 本研究在形态鉴定的基础上, 结合线粒体细胞色素氧化酶亚基Ⅰ （COI/cox1）的测序和比对方法, 对其分类地位进行了核实; 并调查了其在上海地区草坪草上的发生及危害现状。形态鉴定结果表明, 这一新害虫为原产于北美的早熟禾拟茎草螟Parapediasia teterrella, 是中国新记录属种。序列比对显示, 目标样本656 bp的cox1序列与NCBI中已提交的P. teterrellus的4个COI条形码序列覆盖率为100%, 同源性达100%, 表明分子遗传数据支持形态鉴定结果。调查发现, 早熟禾拟茎草螟寄主主要为矮生百慕大, 已在上海多个区县形成危害, 局部地区危害严重, 种群密度最高的区域达740头/m²。早熟禾拟茎草螟是中国新发现的入侵害虫, 已明确其在上海地区能定殖、 扩散, 并形成经济危害, 其入侵将威胁我国草坪产业和园林绿化的健康发展, 需引起足够重视。