共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 171 毫秒
1.
Several plant growth regulators BA, TDZ, 2,4- and Kn were tested alone or in combination for their capacity to induce indirect somatic embryogenesis from leaf and internode explants of Paulownia elongata. Calli were produced when leaf explants were cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium containing 3 % sucrose, 0.4 % phytagel, 4 mg l-1 TDZ and 0.1 mg l-1 Kn after 3 weeks and the initiation rate was 54.1%. After subculturing on the same medium, embryos at various developmental stages (globular, heart and torpedo shaped) were transferred for maturation onto MS medium supplemented with 3 % sucrose, 0.4 % phytagel, 0.1 mg l-1 TDZ, 1 mg l-1 Kn and 2 mM glutamine. An average of 50.7 somatic embryos were obtained from 100 mg of embryogenic callus after 4 weeks at high frequency (64.7 %). Afterward, mature somatic embryos were isolated and cultured on hormone-free MS medium for germination (80 %) and development into plantlets. Plantlets were transferred to pots with a mixture of peat and perlite in a 3:1 ratio and showed a survival rate of 70–80 %. Plantlets regenerated by this procedure were morphologically identical to the donor material and developed normally in the greenhouse. 相似文献
2.
Charleson R. Poovaiah Stephen C. Weller Matthew A. Jenks 《In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Plant》2006,42(4):354-358
Summary The effect of different cytokinins on in vitro adventitious shoot regeneration from internodal explants of Menthaxgracilis Sole (scoth spearmint) was investigated. Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium containing 100 mg l−1 myo-inositol, 0.4 mg l−1 thiamine-HCl, 2.0% (w/v) sucrose, 10% (v/v) coconut water and supplemented with 4.5 μM thidiazuron (TDZ) was effective in inducing adventitious shoot formation from callus. The greatest percentage of explants
with shoots (85%) with the highest mean number of shoots per explant (29) was obtained with explants from the 1st and the
2nd internodes from 2-wk-old stock plants growing on a medium containing MS basal salts, 2% sucrose, 100 mg l−1 myo-inositol, 0.4 mg l−1 thiamine-HCl, at TDZ 4.5 μM and 10% (v/v) coconut water and solidified with 0.2% (w/v) phytagel. The regenerated shoots rooted on a medium containing
MS basal salts, 100 mg l−1 myo-inositol, 0.4 mg l−1 thiamine-HCl, 2.0% sucrose, and 0.054 μM naphthalene acetic acid (NAA). Micropropagated plantlets were transplanted into soil and acclimated to greenhouse conditions.
This is the first report describing adventitious shoot regeneration of scotch spearmint. 相似文献
3.
Root explants excised from carnation plants maintained in vitro formed off-white, friable calluses after three weeks of culture
on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 1 mg l−1 thidiazuron (TDZ) and 1 mg l−1 α-naphthalaneacetic acid (NAA). These calluses were subsequently transferred to MS basal medium where, after an additional
four weeks of culture, approximately 50% of the calluses formed somatic embryos. However, calluses formed on root explants
that had been cultured on MS medium supplemented with 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid did not produce somatic embryos upon
transfer to MS basal medium. Somatic embryos developed into plantlets and subsequently were grown to maturity. These results
indicate that root explants have a high competence for somatic embryogenesis in carnation.
J. Seo and S.W. Kim contributed equally to this work. 相似文献
4.
Summary A method for the production of somatic embryos and subsequent plant regeneration for Anthurium andraeanum Linden ex André (Monocotyledonae) hybrids is described. Whole leaf blade explants, derived from plantlets grown in vitro, formed translucent embryogénic calli at their basal ends within one month of culture in the dark. Secondary somatic embryos formed frequently and without an intervening callus on surfaces of primary embryos. Embryogenesis was induced with three genotypes using a modified half-strength Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 1.0 to 4.0 mg l–1 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 0.33 to 1.0 mg l–1 kinetin. A combination of 2% sucrose with 1% glucose in the medium favored embryogenesis over 3% sucrose alone. Whole leaf blades on medium solidified with 0.18% Gelrite produced more somatic embryos than leaves on medium with 0.7% Bacto-agar. Within two to three months after culture initiation, embryos were transferred to modified MS medium containing 0.2 mg l–1 6-benzyladenine (BA) and 2% sucrose and placed in the light for conversion into plantlets. Rooted plantlets were recovered and transferred into pots with tree fern fiber medium and grown in the greenhouse.Abbreviations MS
Murashige and Skoog (1962)
- 2,4-D
2,4 dichlorophenoxyacetic acid
- BA
6-benzyladenine 相似文献
5.
Qian Zhang Jianjun Chen Richard J. Henny 《Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture》2006,84(2):100161-100168
A simple and effective method of regenerating Syngonium podophyllum ‘Variegatum’ via direct somatic embryogenesis has been established. Leaf and petiole explants were cultured on Murashige
and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with N-(2-chloro-4-pyridyl)-N′-phenylurea (CPPU) or N-phenyl-N′-1,2,3-thiadiazol-5-ylurea (TDZ) with either α-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) or 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D). Somatic embryos directly formed at one or two sides of petiole explants on MS medium supplemented 2.5 mg l−1 TDZ with 0.5 mg l−1 NAA or 2.0 mg l−1 TDZ with 0.2 mg l−1 NAA or with 0.2 and 0.5 mg l−1 2,4-D, respectively. The frequency of petiole explants with somatic embryos produced was as high as 86% when cultured on medium
containing 2.5 mg l−1 TDZ with 0.5 mg l−1 NAA. Up to 85% of somatic embryos were able to germinate after transferring onto medium containing 2.0 mg l−1 6-benzylaminopurine (BA) and 0.2 mg l−1 NAA. Approximately 50–150 plantlets were regenerated from a single petiole explant. However, there was no somatic embryo
formation from leaf explants regardless of growth regulator combinations used. Regenerated plantlets from petiole explants
were stable and grew vigorously after transplanting to a soilless container substrate in a shaded greenhouse. 相似文献
6.
Jing Li Yang Bo Zhao Eun Soo Seong Myong Jo Kim Won Hee Kang Na Young Kim Chang Yeon Yu Cheng Hao Li 《Plant biotechnology reports》2010,4(4):261-267
We describe culture conditions for a high-efficiency in vitro regeneration system of Papaver
nudicaule through somatic embryogenesis and secondary somatic embryogenesis. The embryogenic callus induction rate was highest when
petiole explants were cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium containing 1.0 mg l−1 α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) and 0.1 mg l−1 6-benzyladenine (BA) (36.7%). When transferred to plant growth regulator (PGR)-free medium, 430 somatic embryos formed asynchronously
from 90 mg of embryogenic callus in each 100-ml flask. Early-stage somatic embryos were transferred to MS medium containing
1.0 mg l−1 BA and 1.0 mg l−1 NAA to germinate at high frequency (97.6%). One-third-strength MS medium with 1.0% sucrose and 1.0 mg l−1 GA3 had the highest frequency of plantlet conversion from somatic embryos (91.2%). Over 90% of regenerated plantlets were successfully
acclimated in the greenhouse. Secondary somatic embryos were frequently induced directly when the excised hypocotyls of the
primary somatic embryos were cultured on MS medium without PGRs. Sucrose concentration significantly affected the induction
of secondary embryos. The highest induction rate (89.5) and number of secondary somatic embryos per explant (9.3) were obtained
by 1% sucrose. Most secondary embryos (87.2–94.3%) developed into the cotyledonary stage on induction medium. All cotyledonary
secondary embryos were converted into plantlets both in liquid and on semisolid 1/3-strength MS medium with 1.0% sucrose. 相似文献
7.
Plant regeneration via somatic embryogenesis was achieved in callus cultures derived from nodal explants of in vitro grown seedlings and excised mature zygotic embryos of three bamboo species on Murashige and Skoog's (MS) basal medium supplemented with 0.5 mg/l kinetin (Kn), 2.0 mg/l 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), 10 mg/l adenine sulphate (Ads) and 3% (w/v) sucrose incubated in the light or in the dark. Somatic embryos germinated (95–98%) into normal plants and were transferred to soil with 95% success. In vitro flowering was induced on shoots developed from nodal explants taken from somatic embryo regenerated plants of Bambusa vulgaris, Dendrocalamus giganteus and Dendrocalamus strictus on half-strength MS basal medium supplemented with 0.25 mg/l indole-3-butyric acid (IBA), 0.5 mg/l Ads, 0.5 mg/l gibberellic acid (GA3) and 3% sucrose.Abbreviations BAP
6-benzylaminopurine
- Kn
kinetin
- Ads
adenine sulphate
- IBA
indole-3-butyric acid
- NAA
1-naphthaleneacetic acid
- 2,4-D
2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid
- MS
Murashige and Skoog (1962) basal medium
- GA3
gibberellic acid 相似文献
8.
Direct somatic embryogenesis and synthetic seed production from<Emphasis Type="Italic"> Paulownia elongata</Emphasis> 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
We have developed a reproducible system for efficient direct somatic embryogenesis from leaf and internodal explants of Paulownia elongata. The somatic embryos obtained were subsequently encapsulated as single embryos to produce synthetic seeds. Several plant growth regulators [6-benzylaminopurine, indole-3-acetic acid, -naphthaleneacetic acid, kinetin and thidiazuron (TDZ)] alone or in combination were tested for their capacity to induce somatic embryogenesis. The highest induction frequencies of somatic embryos were obtained on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 3% sucrose, 0.6% Phytagel, 500 mg l-1 casein hydrolysate and 10 mg l-1 TDZ (medium MS10). Somatic embryos were induced from leaf (69.8%) and internode (58.5%) explants on MS10 medium after 7 days. Subsequent withdrawal of TDZ from the induction medium resulted in the maturation and growth of the embryos into plantlets on MS basal media. The maturation frequency of somatic embryos from leaf and internodal explants was 50.8% and 45.8%, respectively. Subculturing of mature embryos led to their germination on the same medium with a germination frequency of 50.1% and 29.8% from leaf and internode explants, respectively. Somatic embryos obtained directly on leaf explants were used for encapsulation in liquid MS medium containing different concentrations of sodium alginate with a 30-min exposure to 50 mM CaCl2. A 3% sodium alginate concentration provided a uniform encapsulation of the embryos with survival and germination frequencies of 73.7% and 53.3%, respectively. Storage at 4°C for 30 days or 60 days significantly reduced the survival and complete germination frequencies of both encapsulated and non-encapsulated embryos relative to those of non-stored somatic embryos. However, the survival and germination rates of encapsulated embryos increased following storage at 4°C. After 30 days or 60 days of storage, the survival rates of encapsulated embryos were 67.8% and 53.5% and the germination frequencies were 43.2% and 32.4%, respectively. These systems could be useful for the rapid clonal propagation and dissemination of synthetic seed material of Paulownia elongata.Abbreviations BAP 6-Benzylaminopurine - IAA Indole-3-acetic acid - NAA -Naphthaleneacetic acid - TDZ ThidiazuronCommunicated by H. Lörz 相似文献
9.
Nodal explants from selected trees of gum karaya (Sterculia urens Roxb.) in the adult growth phase cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 6.62 μm N6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) produced an average of six adventitious shoots in 30 days. Shoots were rooted in vitro on 1/4-strength
MS medium containing 9.82 μm indole-3-butyric acid. Nodulated callus was produced from hypocotyl explants cultured on MS medium supplemented with 4.52
μm 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and 8.90 μm BAP. Somatic embryos developed when the nodulated callus was transferred to MS medium containing 0.45 μm thidiazuron (TDZ). TDZ treatment for 2 days gave the optimum response. Over 30% of the somatic embryos developed into plantlets
when transferred to 1/4-strength MS basal medium without any growth regulators. Plantlets produced from adventitious shoots
and somatic embryos were acclimatized to ex vitro conditions and established in the field.
Received: 26 November 1997 / Revision received: 14 April 1998 / Accepted: 11 May 1998 相似文献
10.
Madhulika Singh Uma Jaiswal V. S. Jaiswal 《Journal of plant biochemistry and biotechnology.》2001,10(2):133-137
Thidiazuron (TDZ) stimulated shoot proliferation from different seedling explants (i.e., shoot, basal node, node and apical segment) of bamboo (Dendrocalamus strictus) when incorporated in half-strength Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium having 2% (w/v) sucrose. All the concentrations of TDZ (0.01 to 1.0 mg l?1) tried were effective in shoot proliferation. Maximum shoots (14.8 ± 1.0) were obtained from the shoot explants cultured in 0.5 mg l?1 TDZ supplemented halfstrength MS liquid medium for 21 days and subsequently transferred to the same medium devoid of TDZ. The longer culture period (i.e. 28 and 35 days) in TDZ medium caused reduction in shoot proliferation. The shoots regenerated with lower concentrations of TDZ treatment (i.e. 0.01 to 0.1 mg l?1) rooted in half-strength MS liquid medium. The shoots formed with 0.5 mg l?1 TDZ treatment did not root in basal medium and required auxin supplementation in the medium for rooting and about 55% shoots produced roots in 1.0 mg l?1 IBA supplemented medium. The shoots formed with 1.0 mg l?1 TDZ did not root even after auxin treatment. The well rooted shoots transplanted to plastic pots filled with sand and garden soil (1:1) mixture showed 98% establishment. 相似文献
11.
H. Cao J. Yang Z. S. Peng C. Y. Kang D. C. Chen Z. C. Gong X. Tan 《In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Plant》2007,43(2):149-153
This study reports a protocol for successful micropropagation of Penthorum chinense using nodal explants on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 6-benzyladenine (BA) or kinetin (Kn). The presence
of BA promoted a higher rate of shoot multiplication than Kn. Maximum multiple shoot formation was observed in 59.2% of nodal
explants cultured on MS medium supplemented with 2.0 mg l−1 BA after 6 wk. After subculture for 4 wk, the maximum number of shoots (6.4) was obtained on a medium with 2.0 mg l−1 BA, but shoots were too short and not suitable for micropropagation. The taller shoots that regenerated in the presence of
lower BA concentration (1.0 mg l−1) were selected for root induction study. Most shoots (98.8%) rooted in the presence of 0.5 mg l−1 indole-3-acetic acid after 3 wk, with each shoot forming an average of 10.0 roots. Plantlets were transferred to soil and
successfully acclimatized. 相似文献
12.
Archana Giri Paramvir Singh Ahuja P. V. Ajay Kumar 《Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture》1993,32(2):213-218
Plants were obtained via somatic embryogenesis in callus derived from in vitro raised leaf and petiole explants of Aconitum heterophyllum Wall. Callus was induced on a Murashige-Skoog medium supplemented with either 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2,4-d 1 mg l-1) and kinetin (KN 0.5 mg l-1) with coconut water (CW 10% v/v) or naphthalene acetic acid (NAA 5 mg l-1) and benzylaminopurine (BAP 1 mg l-1). Somatic embryos appeared after 2–3 months or 2 subculture passages when 2,4-d or NAA induced source of the callus was transferred to a MS medium containing BAP (1 mg l-1) and NAA (0.1 mg l-1). For successful plantlet formation, the somatic embryos were transferred to a medium containing 1/4 strength MS nutrient with indole-3-butyric acid (IBA 1 mg l-1). Alternatively, the somatic embryos were dipped in a concentrated solution of IBA for 5 min and placed on a hormone free medium. Complete plantlets were formed after 4 weeks and were transferred successfully to soil.CIMAP Publication No. 1020. 相似文献
13.
Somatic embryos and embryogenic callus were initiated from immature zygotic embryos of ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer). These somatic embryos were multiplied by adventitious (secondary and tertiary) embryogenesis and their growth and development were dependent on growth hormones in the medium. Auxins, 2,4-d, NAA, and IAA at 1.0 mg l-1 were effective in inducing secondary and tertiary somatic embryos, which proliferated directly from the apical or cotyledonary portions of the primary somatic embryos. Single somatic embryos or clusters or embryos developed from the explanted primary embryos. Cytokinin (Kn, BA) inhibited adventitious embryogenesis. Secondary somatic embryos developed to maturation and later regenerated into plantlets in two stage process; firstly elongation of the shoot axes on MS +1.0 mg l-1 Kn, secondly formation of root on 1.0 mg l-1 Kn+1.0 mg-1 GA3 medium.Abbreviations 2,4-d
2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid
- NAA
naphthaleneacetic acid
- IAA
in-doleacetic acid
- Kn
kinetin
- BA
benzylaminopurine
- PSE
primary somatic embryo
- SSE
secondary somatic embryo
- TSE
tertiary somatic embryo 相似文献
14.
Rapid propagation of Eleutherococcus senticosus via direct somatic embryogenesis from explants of seedlings 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
Explants from three different parts (cotyledon, hypocotyl or root) of one week-old seedlings of Eleutherococcus senticosus were cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium with 1.0 mg l-1 2,4-D. Somatic embryos were formed directly from the surfaces of explants. The frequency of direct somatic embryo formation
was the highest in the hypocotyl segments (75%) as compared to cotyledon (56%) or root segments (12%). When hypocotyl explants
from 3 different stages of seedlings (zero, one or three week-old) were cultured on MS medium with 1.0 mg l-1 2,4-D, the frequency of somatic embryo formation rapidly declined as the zygotic embryos germinated. However most somatic
embryos (93%) from explants of zygotic embryos developed as fused state (multiple embryo), whereas somatic embryos (over 89%)
from more developed seedlings developed into single state (single embryo). Single embryos germinated and regenerated into
plantlets with both shoots and roots, while multiple embryos only regenerated into only multiple shoots. Plantlets that regenerated
from single embryos of E. senticosus were acclimatized in a greenhouse.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
15.
Friable embryogenic callus and somatic embryo formation from cotyledon explants of African marigold (Tagetes erecta L.) 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Embryogenic callus and somatic embryos were induced from cotyledonary explants of African marigold (Tagetes erecta L.). Cotyledons were first cultured on MS medium supplemented with 2.0 mg l–1 2,4-D and 0.2 mg l–1 kinetin. After 5 weeks, calli were transferred to MS medium supplemented with 0.02 mg l–1 thidiazuron where compact embryogenic callus developed. Friable embryogenic callus developed when the compact embryogenic
callus was transferred to medium containing 2,4-D and subcultured every 2 weeks. Friable embryogenic callus has been maintained
for more than 2 years without losing the capacity to generate embryos. Embryo development was obtained when friable embryogenic
callus was transferred to MS medium supplemented with 3 mg l–1 ABA and 60 g l–1 sucrose. The addition of 10–30 mM
l-glutamine improved embryo development.
Received: 13 May 1997 / Revision received: 24 February 1998 / Accepted: 28 March 1998 相似文献
16.
C. Kiranmai V. Aruna S. Karuppusamy T. Pullaiah 《Journal of plant biochemistry and biotechnology.》2008,17(1):99-101
Callus cultures were established from seedling explants of Pergularia daemia (Forsk) Chiov on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with different concentrations of auxins. Optimal callus developed from leaf explants on MS medium supplemented with 2,4-D (2 mg l?1) + 2iP (0.1 mg l?1), was used for morphogenesis. Adventitious shoots were regenerated (70%) from the calli on MS medium supplemented with NAA (0.1 mg l?1)+ BAP (2 mg l?1). Individual shoots were rooted on half strength MS medium supplemented with 0.1 mg l?1 IBA. Plantlets with well developed roots were successfully transferred to soil and 50% of the transferred plants survived. 相似文献
17.
Guirong Qiao Jing Zhou Jing Jiang Yuehua Sun Luanyin Pan Honggai Song Jingmin Jiang Renying Zhuo Xiaojuan Wang Zongxiu Sun 《Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture》2010,102(2):163-170
Malaxis acuminata is a terrestrial orchid that grows in shady areas of semi-evergreen to shrubby forests. It is highly valued for its medicinal
properties as dried pseudo-bulbs are important ingredients of several Ayurvedic preparations. In this study, adventitious
shoot buds were induced from internodal explants of M. acuminata grown on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with different concentrations of 6-benzyladenine (BA), kinetin (Kn),
and thidiazuron (TDZ). Of the three cytokinins used, TDZ at 3 mg l−1 induced the highest frequency (82%) of organogenic explants. However, all responding explants produced only a single adventitious
shoot irrespective of the type and concentration of the cytokinin. Adding 0.5 mg l−1 α naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) to the medium enhanced adventitious shoot formation. In the presence of 3 mg l−1 TDZ and 0.5 mg l−1 NAA, frequency of organogenesis was 96% with a mean number of 6.1 shoots per explant. Prolonged culture or subculture on
the same medium did not promote further shoot production. However, transfer of these cultures to MS medium supplemented with
3 mg l−1 TDZ and 0.5 mg l−1 NAA and various concentrations of different polyamines (PAs), including spermine, spermidine, and putrescine, significantly
increased mean shoot number per explant. The highest frequency of shoot induction (100%) and mean shoot number per explant
(14.6) was observed on MS medium with 3 mg l−1 TDZ, 0.5 mg l−1 NAA, and 0.4 mM spermidine. Regenerated shoots were excised and subcultured on an elongation medium consisting of MS medium
with 3 mg l−1 BA. Moreover, the highest frequency of rooting (96%) and mean number of roots per shoot (3.3) was observed on MS medium with
4 mg l−1 indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) and 1.5 mg l−1 activated charcoal (AC). Almost 90% of rooted shoots were successfully acclimatized and established ex vitro. 相似文献
18.
Plant regeneration through somatic embryogenesis from mature leaf explants of Eryngium foetidum,a condiment 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Ignacimuthu S. Arockiasamy S. Antonysamy M. Ravichandran P. 《Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture》1999,56(2):131-137
Eryngium foetidum L. is an important plant cultivated as a leafy vegetable and for its essential oil, which are of high economic
value in international trade market. Plants were regenerated through somatic embryogenesis from mature leaf explants of field
grown plants. Leaf explants produced dark brown, compact callus on Linsmaier and Skoog (LS) medium with the combination of
1.0 mg l-1 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2,4-D) and 1.0 mg l-1 benzylaminopurine (BAP). Somatic embryos were induced from embryo-forming callus cultures on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium
supplemented with 0.1 mg l-1 2,4-D, 2.0 mg l-1 BAP and 1.0 mg l-1 gibberellic acid (GA3). Subsequently, conversion of these somatic embryos into plantlets occurred on MS medium supplemented with 1.0 mg l-1 GA3 and/or 0.1 mg l-1 BAP. The regenerated shoots were rooted and elongated on MS medium supplemented with 0.1 mg l-1 IAA and 1.0 mg l-1 GA3. These plantlets were hardened and transferred to the soil.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
19.
Plant regeneration through indirect somatic embryogenesis has been established on Holostemma ada-kodien Schult. Type of auxin significantly influenced somatic embryogenesis. Friable callus, developed from leaf, internode and root explants on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 2,4-D (1.0 mg l–1), was most effective for the induction of somatic embryos. Subculture of the friable callus developed on 2,4-D (1.0 mg l–1) onto solid or liquid 1/2 MS medium with 0.1 or 0.5 mg l 2,4-D turned the callus embryogenic. Suspension cultures were superior to static cultures (solid medium) for the induction of somatic embryos. Transfer of embryogenic callus to liquid 1/2 or 1/4 MS medium with lower levels of 2,4-D (0.05–0.1 mg l–1) induced the highest number of somatic embryos. An average of 40 embryos were obtained from 10 mg callus. Fifty per cent embryos exhibited maturation and conversion upon transfer to 1/10 MS basal solid medium. Plantlets were established in field conditions and 90 per cent survived. 相似文献
20.
Somatic embryogenesis was obtained from mature cassava cotyledons explants. A two-step medium sequence was developed for efficient embryogenesis. Application of 2,4-D (4 mg l-1) yielded proembryogenic masses which developed into somatic embryos after transfer to a medium containing NAA (0.01 mg l-1), BA (0.1 mg l-1) and GA3 (0.1 mg l-1). The 2,4-D concentrations used for embryo initiation strongly influenced embryo development. Among the cultivars tested, TMS 30395 was most responsive. Full strength MS basal medium alone or with 4 x MS micro salts was efficient for the formation of somatic embryos. Casein hydrolysate, adenine sulfate, nicotinic acid, glycine, tryptophan, and serine were ineffective for embryo development. High sucrose concentration (6%, w/v) inhibited the induction of somatic embryos, while 6% sucrose was optimal concentration for the development of somatic embryos after an induction treatment using 2% sucrose. Addition of 0.52 mg l-1 ABA to the induction media resulted in an increase in somatic embryos production. The ploidy levels of the regenerated plantlets were determined by flow cytometry analysis. Fifty regenerants tested were all tetraploids as the source plants and were morphologically normal. The implications of these results are discussed in relation to genetic transformation using the cotyledons as the explant source.Abbreviations ABA
abscisic acid
- BA
6-benzylaminopurine
- DAPI
4,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole
- SR
101 sulforhodamine
- GA3
gibberellic acid
- MCPA
methyl- chlorophenoxyacetic acid
- NAA
naphthalen-acetic acid
- PCPA
P-chlorophenoxyacetic acid
- 2,4-d
2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid
- 2,4,5 T
2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid 相似文献