金桂与丹桂醇溶性色素的提取及其稳定性比较

用不同体积分数的乙醇从金桂和丹桂的花瓣中浸提所含的花色苷类色素,用光谱扫描法检测该色素的光吸收特性,比较不同乙醇体积分数、不同浸提时间对色素浸提效果的影响,并进行光敏感性试验和酸碱影响试验。结果显示,金桂和丹桂的花色素用体积分数90%的乙醇浸提具较高的浸出率;延长浸提时间可提高色素浸出率;紫外线直射可使色素的色度大幅度下降,日光灯和散射光也会导致色度在一定程度上的下降;色素在酸性溶液中具一定的稳定性,但在碱性溶液中表现出不稳定性。     

Iridoid glucosides from Veronica pectinata var. glandulosa

A new highly oxygenated iridoid glucoside, urphoside B (1) was isolated from the Veronica pectinata var. glandulosa together with seven known iridoid glucosides, aucubin, catalpol, veronicoside, catalposide, verproside, amphicoside and 6-O-veratroyl catalpol. The planar as well as the stereo structures of the isolated compounds were determined by means of extensive 1D- and 2D-NMR spectroscopy and confirmed by HR-Mass.     

Iridoid glucosides from the leaves of Vitex negundo var. cannabifolia

Five new iridoid glucosides, cannabifolisides A–E (1 – 5), together with nine analogues (6 – 14), were isolated from the leaves of Vitex negundo var. cannabifolia. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic data (NMR, UV, IR, and MS) analyses and comparison of their spectroscopic and physical data with the literature values. The protective effect of isolated compounds on human gastric epithelial cells were evaluated by measuring the enhanced cell viability of GES-1 cell insulted by TCA. Among these, compounds 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, and 14 remarkably increased the cell viability in a concentration-depend manner.     

Iridoid glucosides from roots of Vietnamese Paederia scandens

Four iridoid glucosides, three of which are dimeric were isolated from the methanol extract of roots of Vietnamese Paederia scandens (Lour) Merrill together with the five known glucosides, paederoside, asperuloside, paederosidic acid, asperulosidic acid and geniposide. Seven sulfur-containing iridoid glucosides were also isolated. The structures of the iridoid glucosides were determined by a combination of high-resolution NMR, MS, IR and UV spectra, and chemical reaction such as acetylation.     

乡土树种茶梨种子萌发特性及其对人工繁育的启示

本试验研究了中国南方优良的乡土树种茶梨(Anneslea fragrans)种子在假种皮有无、不同脱水水平、PEG渗透胁迫和不同温度、光照条件下的萌发特性.结果表明:假种皮的存在抑制了茶梨种子的正常萌发;新鲜种子含水量较高(65.6%),脱水对于种子萌发特征具有显著影响,随着在干燥剂硅胶中脱水时间的增加,种子萌发率和发芽势持续降低,在经过48 h的持续脱水后种子完全丧失萌发能力,表明茶梨种子属于顽拗性种子;种子萌发对PEG渗透胁迫较敏感,其萌发率和发芽势随着PEG胁迫浓度的增加而降低;茶梨种子萌发对光照并不敏感,其萌发的最适温度范围是20℃～25℃,高温会抑制种子萌发.基于种子萌发对不同生态因子的响应,提出了该物种人工繁育的合理建议.

Abstract：

This paper studied the seed germination characteristics of native species Anneslea fra-grans in Southern China under the conditions of aril removal, dehydration, PEG osmotic stress, and different light and temperature. Aril removal benefited the seed germination of A. fragrans. Fresh-harvested seeds had higher moisture content (65.6%), and dehydration gave significant impact on their germination. The germination rate decreased with increasing dehydration dura-tion, and the seed viability was completely lost after 48 h continuous dehydration. Soaking in 5% -30% PEG solution for 24 h decreased the seed germination rate significantly, indicating that A. fragrans seed germination was sensitive to osmotic stress. Light had little effects on the seed germination. The optimal temperature range for the seed germination was 20 ℃～25℃, while high temperature inhibited the seed germination. Based on the responses of the seed germination to the test factors, some suggestions were made on the artificial propagation of A. fragrans.     

Three new neolignan glucosides from the stems of Dendrobium aurantiacum var. denneanum

Three new neolignan glucosides (1–3), together with four known analogs (4–7), have been isolated from the stems of Dendrobium aurantiacum var. denneanum. Structures of the new compounds including the absolute configurations were determined by spectroscopic and chemical methods as (−)-(8R,7′E)-4-hydroxy-3,3′,5,5′-tetramethoxy-8,4′-oxyneolign-7′-ene-9,9′-diol 4,9-bis-O-β-d-glucopyranoside (1), (−)-(8S,7′E)-4-hydroxy-3,3′,5,5′-tetramethoxy-8,4′-oxyneolign-7′-ene-9,9′-diol 4,9-bis-O-β-d-glucopyranoside (2), and (−)-(8R,7′E)-4-hydroxy-3,3′,5,5′,9′-pentamethoxy-8,4′-oxyneolign-7′-ene-9-ol 4,9-bis-O-β-d-glucopyranoside (3), respectively.     

New sesquiterpene lactone glucosides from the roots of Ferula varia

Five new eudesmane- (1–5), two new guaiane- (6 and 7) and one new germacrane-type (8) sesquiterpene lactone glucosides were isolated from the H₂O-soluble fraction of the roots of Ferula varia. Their structures were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic analyses. The absolute configuration of 1 was determined by modified Mosher's method.     

Chemical constituents from the roots of Acanthus ilicifolius var. xiamenensis

Chemical investigation of Acanthus ilicifolius var. xiamenensis led to the isolation of eleven compounds, and their structures were identified to be 2-benzoxazolinone (1), 2-hydroxy-2H-1,4-benzoxazin-3(4H)-one (2), (2R)-2-O-β-d-glucopyranosyl-2H-1,4-benzox azin-3(4H)-one (3), (2R)-2-O-β-d-glucopyranosyl-4-hydroxy-2H-1,4-benzoxazin-3(4H)-one (4), (2R)-2-O-β-d-glucopyranosyl-7-hydroxy-2H-1,4-benzoxazin-3(4H)-one (5), lyoniside (6), 3′-methoxy-luteolin-7-O-β-d-glucopyranoside (7), β-sitosterol-3-O-β-d-glucopyranoside (8), stigmasterol octadecanoate (9), β-sitosterol octadecanoate (10), stigmasterol-3-O-β-d-glucopyranoside (11) on the basis of mass and NMR spectra. This is the first report on the occurrence of compound 6 and 7 in Acanthaceae. This work also represents the first phytochemical work on the roots of A. ilicifolius var. xiamenensis.     

Allelopathic potential of the phenolics from the roots of Pluchea lanceolata

Aqueous leachates of roots of the perennial weed Pluchea lanceolata (DC.) C. B. Clarke, its root-incorporated soil and rhizosphere soil, interfered with the seedling growth of certain plant species. The soils from the rhizosphere zone of this plant had significantly higher total phenolics and HPLC analysis revealed that phenolic fractions represented by retention times of 1.6, 1.9, 2.5 (simple phenol, chlorogenic acid and phloroglucinol respectively), 3.7 and 4.3 min were contributed by roots of the weed to the soil. The phenolic fraction represented by the retention time 3.3 (formononetin 7-O-glucoside) was detected in the weed's rhizosphere soils and not in the rootincorporated soils. UV spectral studies established the presence of phloroglucinol, simple phenol, chlorogenic acid, formononetin 7-O-glucoside, and methylated coumarins in the root leachate, which affect the seedling growth of mustard ( Brassica juncea ). Present research established the allelopathic potential of P. lanceolata roots, and the possible involvement of allelopathy in its interference success.     

Two new ent-kaurene diterpene glucosides from the roots of Mikania micrantha

Two new ent-kaurene diterpene glucosides, β-d-glucopyranosyl-15α-(3-hydroxyl-3-methylbutanoyloxy)-ent-16-kauren-19-oate (1) and β-d-glucopyranosyl-15α-hydroxy-ent-16-kauren-19-oate (2), were isolated from the roots of Mikania micrantha. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic evidence. Both compounds were evaluated for allelopathic effects on the seed germination and seedling growth of Arabidopsis thaliana. Compound 1 inhibited the seedling growth by 68.3% at the concentration of 0.5 mM.     

Chemical constituents from the roots of Fallopia multiflora var. Ciliinerve

Phytochemical investigations on the roots of Fallopia multiflora var. Ciliinerve led to the isolation of eighteen compounds, including six chromones [2-methyl-5- carboxymethyl-7-hydroxychromone (1), 2-methyl-5-methylcarboxymethyl-7- hydroxychromone (2), 2,5-dimethyl-7-hydroxychromone (3), 2-methyl-5-hydroxymeth-yl-7-hydroxychromone (4), 2-methyl-5-carboxylicacid-7-hydroxy-chromone (5), and 2,5-dimethyl-7-hydroxychromone-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (6)], three lignans [Isolariciresinol (8), 5-[4-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-2,3-dimethylbutyl]-1,3-benzodioxole (9), and isolariciresinol-9-O-β-D-xylopyranoside (10)], four anthraquinones [physcion-8-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (11), emodin-8-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (12), Rhein (13), and Chrysophanol (14)], three isobenzofurans [5,7-dihydroxy-isobenzofuran (15), 5-methoxy-7-hydroxy-isobenzofuran (16), and 5-methoxy-isobenzofuran-7-O-β-D-glucoside (17)], one phenolic acid [2,5-diacethylhy-droquinone (7)], and one pyran [Zanthopyranone (18)]. Among them, compounds 1, 3, 6, 13 and 14 were reported from F. multiflora var. Ciliinerve for the first time, compounds 2, 8, 10 and 15–17 were isolated from the genus Fallopia for the first time, and compounds 4, 9 and 18 were isolated for the first time from Polygonaceae family. Furthermore, the isolation of compounds 5 and 7 were reported for the first time in plants. Their structures were identified by spectroscopic methods and compared with those previously published. The chemotaxonomic significance of these isolated compounds has also been discussed.     

金桂快速繁殖炼苗技术的研究

通过不同生根培养基、炼苗预处理、移栽基质以及叶面施肥等对金桂品种微繁苗炼苗的影响开展试验研究,为目标品种的壮苗快繁提供炼苗的技术支撑。通过对金桂快速繁殖关键技术研究,结果表明,金桂微繁苗生根率和生根数的最佳处理组合为A_3B_2C_3,即B_5基本培养基+2 mg·L^-1NAA+0. 10 mg·L^-16-BA,其生根率、平均生根数分别为:91. 11%、3. 83条/株。炼苗的最佳处理组合为A_3B_2C_3,即以苗圃土∶珍珠岩∶腐殖土=2∶3∶7为炼苗基质,金桂微繁苗炼苗的成活率和苗木增长率分别达到82. 2%、42. 2%。     

Chemical constituents from the roots of Zizyphus jujuba Mill. var. spinosa

One new flavonoid, named (R)-2-hydroxynaringenin (1), along with fifteen known compounds, including six flavonoids (2–7), six lignans (8–13), two phenolic glycosides (14–15) and one alkaloid (16) were isolated from the roots of Zizyphus jujuba Mill. var. spinosa (Bunge) Hu ex H. F. Chou. Their structures were established on the basis of spectroscopic evidence, including 1D and 2D NMR, circular dichroism (CD) curve analysis, and by comparison with literature data. Compounds 2, 3 and 8–16 were found in Z. jujuba Mill. var. spinosa for the first time, while compounds 8, 10 and 13–15 were new to the Rhamnaceae family. In addition, the chemotaxonomic significance of the isolates was discussed in this paper.     

Fatty acids and sterols from Cymbopogon martinii var. motia roots

The hexane and methanol extracts of the roots of Cymbopogon martinii var. motia have been investigated to afford mainly fatty acids and common sterols. A new hydroxy unsaturated fatty acid, namely, 16-hydroxypentacos-14(z)-enoic acid, has also been isolated.     

Chemical constituents from the roots of Asarum sieboldii Miq. var. Seoulense Nakai

Fourteen compounds were isolated from the 95% ethanol reflux extract of Asarum sieboldii Miq. var. Seoulense Nakai, including five phenanthrene derivatives (1–5), three isobutyl amides (6–8), three phenylpropanoids (9–11) and three lignins (12–14). The structures of these compounds were identified by spectroscopic methods and by comparison with the reported spectroscopic data. Among them, compounds 6 and 11 were firstly reported from the family Aristolochiaceae, and compounds 3 and 4 were reported for the first time from the genus Asarum. Additionally, compounds 1, 2 and 8 were isolated from A. sieboldii Miq. var. Seoulense Nakai for the first time. These compounds have shown chemical relationships between A. sieboldii Miq. var. Seoulense Nakai and other species of Asarum as well as those found in the genus Aristolochia in the family Aristolochiaceae.     

Flavonolacyl glucosides from the aril of Schotia brachypetala Sond. and their antioxidant,antibacterial and antimalarial activities

Two new flavonolacyl glucosides, 3-O-methylquercetin 7-O-[β-D-6″-(E-p-coumaroyl) glucopyranoside] (1) and 3,4′-di-O-methylquercetin 7-O-[β-D-6″-(E-p-coumaroyl) glucopyranoside] (2), four known flavonol glycosides (3–5, 7) and one known dihydroflavonolglucoside (6) were isolated from the aril part of Schotia brachypetala with high-speed countercurrent chromatography (HSCCC) as the primary chromatographic technique. The structures of the isolated compounds were elucidated with spectroscopic and spectrometric methods and acid hydrolysis. The 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) antioxidant, antibacterial and antimalarial activities of selected isolates were evaluated. Strong to moderate antioxidant activity (lowest IC₅₀ of 15.2 μM), moderate to weak antibacterial activity (lowest MIC of 0.13 mg/mL) and moderate antimalarial activity (lowest IC₅₀ of 5.18 μg/mL) compared to the positive controls were observed.     

Secoiridoid glucosides and related compounds from Syringa reticulata and their antioxidant activities

A 70% EtOH extract from the bark of Syringareticulata has shown significant antioxidant activity. Chemical study on the extract resulted in the isolation of seventeen compounds (1-17), including a novel oleoside-type secoiridoid glucoside, reticuloside (1), and the structures were elucidated on the basis of extensive spectroscopic analyses. Among the isolated compounds, jaspolyoside (2), oleuropein (4) and 2-(3,4-dihydroxy)-phenylethyl-β-d-glucopyranoside (17), showed the most potent superoxide anion scavenging activity with the EC(50) values of 4.97, 2.57 and 4.97μM, respectively. The structure-activity relationship indicated that the presence of 2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-ethoxy group is important for exhibiting the activity.     

Phenolic derivatives with cytotoxic activities from the roots of Fallopia multiflora var. ciliinervis

Fourteen phenolic derivatives including two new compounds (1, 2), one new natural product (10) and eleven known ones (3 - 9 and 11–14) were obtained from the roots of Fallopia multiflora var. ciliinervis. The structures were determined using IR, MS, 1D and ²D NMR spectroscopy and the absolute configuration of the new structure (2) was deduced by ECD experiments. All of the isolated compounds were assayed for their cytotoxic activities against three tumor cell lines (A549, HCT116 and SW620) and the results showed that compounds 12－14 showed cytotoxicities against A549 cells while compounds 10 and 11 showed cytotoxicities against SW620 cells.     

影响四季桂插穗生根若干因子研究

本文研究扦插基质、插穗枝梢成熟度和插穗留叶量对四季桂生根的影响。结果表明:枝梢成熟度和扦插基质对插穗生根有显著影响,留1片叶和留2片叶对插穗生根没有显著影响。因此,四季桂扦插宜选用半木质化成熟枝梢,并采用2/3泥炭土+1/3珍珠岩作为扦插基质,留1～2片叶效果最好。