中国蕨类植物孢子形态的研究Ⅷ.岩蕨科

利用扫描电镜对中国产岩蕨科(Woodsiaceae)3属18种植物孢子进行了观察。结果表明,孢子单裂缝,两侧对称,极面观为椭圆形或宽椭圆形,赤道面观为半圆形或超半圆形;极轴长32～50μm,赤道轴长43～61μm;外壁表面光滑,由周壁形成孢子表面纹饰的轮廓,根据表面纹饰,孢子可分为5种类型:(1)片状纹饰:周壁表面形成疏密不一的片状褶皱,并连成网状;(2)脊状纹饰:周壁表面形成脊状褶皱,并连成网状;(3)翅脊状纹饰:周壁表面具脊状褶皱,并连成网状,脊的顶端具流苏状不明显的低翅;(4)翅状纹饰:周壁外层形成翅状纹饰,翅的边缘较薄;(5)丝毛状纹饰:周壁结构疏松,由细丝交织成立体网状。上述孢粉学特征表明,岩蕨科是一个自然的类群,其3属的亲缘关系较近,都是岩蕨科的合理成员。     

中国蕨类植物孢子形态的研究Ⅲ.金星蕨科1.毛蕨属

利用扫描电镜对中国产毛蕨属51种植物孢子形态进行了研究。结果表明：该属孢子为单裂缝,两侧对称,极面观为椭圆形,赤道面观为肾形,由周壁形成表面纹饰。表面纹饰可分为3种类型：(1)周壁具流苏状的翅状纹饰,表面有突起或穿孔,有19种属于此类型;(2)鸡冠状纹饰,有11种属于此类型;(3)刺状纹饰,有10种属于此类型。另外有11种具有上述纹饰的混合纹饰,被认为是中间类型。孢子的形态特征可作为该属的分类学和孢粉学研究的资料。     

中国蕨类植物孢子形态研究Ⅸ.阴地蕨科

利用扫描电镜对国产阴地蕨科(Botrychiaceae)3属12种植物孢子进行了观察.结果表明: 孢子具三裂缝;极面观为钝三角形或近圆形;赤道面观为半圆形或超半圆形.极轴长20～34 μm,赤道轴长31～40 μm.由外壁形成孢子表面纹饰的轮廓;周壁薄,疏松地覆盖在外壁表面.孢子表面纹饰可分为以下3种类型:①疣块状纹饰(verrucate-rugulate):孢子远极面形成顶端扁平而大的疣块状纹饰,再由疣块连接成短的条状或拟网状;②疣状纹饰(verrucate):孢子表面具大小不等的疣状纹饰,相邻的疣愈合成短条状或不愈合;③脊状纹饰(lophate):孢子表面具脊状褶皱,并连接成网状.从孢子形态、纹饰类型和孢壁结构看3属属内差异明显,属间差异不明显,研究结果支持阴地蕨科具1属--阴地蕨属,其下可分3个组.     

中国蕨类植物孢子形态的研究 Ⅱ. 中国蕨科

利用扫描电镜对国产中国蕨科Sinopteridaceae植物9属61种6变种的孢子进行了观察。结果表明,该科植物的孢子可分为3种类型：(1)孢子球形,三裂缝;周壁较厚,疏松地包在孢子之外;外壁光滑,表面纹饰由周壁形成,呈网状、嵴状、刺状或皱状。除金粉蕨属Onychium和珠蕨属Cryptogramma外,该科其他属的植物都具此类型孢子。(2)孢子钝三角形,三裂缝;周壁较薄,由周壁和外壁共同形成表面轮廓,表面具疣状或颗粒状纹饰。具此类型孢子的只有珠蕨属。(3)孢子钝三角形,三裂缝,沿裂缝两侧各有一脊状隆起或瘤状纹饰;周壁薄,由外壁形成表面纹饰的基本轮廓;具赤道环、近极脊和远极脊。具此类型孢子的只有金粉蕨属。另外,从孢粉学的角度对该科的分类和系统演化进行了探讨。     

中国水韭属植物的孢子形态特征

利用扫描电镜观察了中国现存5种水韭属Isētes植物孢子的表面纹饰,并统计分析了孢子的大小(n=30).结果显示:高寒水韭上hypsophila大孢子表面光滑无突起纹饰,平均极面直径358 μm,小孢子具脑回状纹饰,平均长度22μm;云贵水韭Lyunguiensis大孢子表面具脊条-网络状纹饰,纹饰突起较低,近极面较稀疏且不连成完全的网络,平均极面直径390 μm,小孢子具疣状小颗粒至近于光滑的表面纹饰,平均长度22μm;台湾水韭L taiwanensis大孢子表面具瘤状突起,平均极面直径312μm,小孢子表面具刺棘状突起,平均长度24μm;中华水韭I sinensis大孢子表面具脊条状突起,平均极面直径409 μm,小孢子表面具刺棘状突起,平均长度28 μm;东方水韭I orientalis大孢子表面具脊条-网络状纹饰,纹饰突起较高,近极面的网络较完整,平均极面直径420 μm,小孢子表面具矮刺状-瘤状突起,平均长度34 μm.比较类群间的孢子形态特征与染色体数目表明:5个类群的孢子表面纹饰区别明显,同时,孢子的大小可反映类群的倍性,孢子较小的高寒水韭、云贵水韭和台湾水韭是二倍体(2n=22),孢子较大的中华水韭(2n=44)和东方水韭(2n=66)为多倍体.孢子的形态特征在中国水韭属植物物种的鉴定与分类中具有重要意义.     

中国介蕨属孢子形态的研究

采用光学显微镜和扫描电子显微镜对国产介蕨属Dryoathyrium 14种植物及宁陕蛾眉蕨Lunathyri- um ningshenense 的孢子形态进行了观察。介蕨属孢子单裂缝,两侧对称,极面观为椭圆形,赤道面观为半 圆形或肾形。根据其周壁褶皱隆起形成的表面纹饰,介蕨属孢子可分为3种类型：第一种类型的周壁 具有网状或拟网状脊状纹饰,具此类型的种有翅轴介蕨D．pterorachis,中华介蕨D．chinense,朝鲜介蕨 D．coreanum;第二种类型的周壁具有裂片状、弯裂片状或瘤状突起,具此类型的种有介蕨D．boryanum, 陕甘介蕨D．confusum,无齿介蕨D．edentulum,鄂西介蕨D.henryi,华中介蕨D．okuboanum,川东介 蕨D．stenopteron,刺毛介蕨D．setigerum,绿叶介蕨D．viridifrons;第三类型的周壁具有刺状、不规则 棒状或乳头状突起,具此类型的种有直立介蕨D．erectum,镰小羽介蕨D．falcatipinnulum,蛾眉介蕨D． unifurcatum。宁陕蛾眉蕨的孢子形态与朝鲜介蕨D．coreanum 十分相似,支持将前者作为后者的异名的分类处理。     

中国蕨类植物孢子形态的研究IV. 金星蕨科2

利用扫描电镜对中国产金星蕨科Thelypteridaceae 14属50种植物孢子形态进行了研究。孢子单裂缝,两侧对称,极面观为椭圆形、阔椭圆形或近圆形,赤道面观为肾形或圆形。极轴长为16.8-40.5 um,赤道轴长为12.8-58 um。根据表面纹饰,孢子可分为7种类型。(1)平滑:周壁表面光滑,少纹饰,如延羽卵果蕨Phegopteris decursive-pinnata。(2)网状纹饰:周壁外层形成绳索状条纹交织成网,如紫柄蕨属Pseudophegopteris。(3)环状纹饰:周壁外层形成由绳索状丝构成的环,排列在周壁表面呈网状、不规则网状或分散的网状。如方秆蕨属Glaphyropteridopsis和针毛蕨属Macrothelypteris的针毛蕨M. oligophlebia。(4)具流苏的翅状纹饰:周壁向外形成薄片状翅,翅的边缘流苏状或具齿,片连接成网状或拟网状。如金星蕨属Parathelypteris的海南金星蕨P. subimmersa、光脚金星蕨P. japonica、钝角金星蕨P. angulariloba,钩毛蕨属Cyclogramma的耳羽钩毛蕨C. auriculata,针毛蕨属Macrothelypteris的大部分种类和毛蕨属Cyclosorus的部分种类。(5)具穿孔的脊状纹饰:周壁向外形成高或低、窄或宽的脊状纹饰连接成网状或拟网状,脊上具大小不一的穿孔。如金星蕨属、龙津蕨属Mesopteris、凸轴蕨属Metathelypteris和卵果蕨P. connectilis。(6)鸡冠状纹饰:周壁形成的短翅或短的片状脊,呈鸡冠状。如毛蕨属Cyclosorus的大部分种类。(7)刺状纹饰:周壁表面形成各种刺状纹饰,如茯蕨属Leptogramma、圣蕨属Dictyocline、沼泽蕨属Thelypteris、普通假毛蕨Pseudocyclosorus subochthodes、钩毛蕨属的大部分种类和毛蕨属Cyclosorus的部分种类。根据孢子形态特征,对本科的一些属的关系进行了探讨。     

中国蹄盖蕨属植物孢子形态的研究

利用扫描电子显微镜对我国产蹄盖蕨属44种植物的孢子进行了观察。结果表明,该属孢子形态为单裂缝,两侧对称,极面观为椭圆形,赤道面观为豆形。外壁表面光滑,由周壁形成表面纹装饰。根据周壁的结构和表面纹饰,可分为两种类型;一是周壁外层发达,形成粗大的脊状纹饰,有11种属此类型;二是周壁外层很薄或不完全发育,由周壁内层或中层形成表面纹饰,有33种属此类型纹饰。本文还就本属的孢子形态特征以及与本属的属下分类关系、本属与邻近属的关系等进行了讨论。     

中国蕨类植物孢子形态的研究Ⅻ.石松科

利用扫描电镜对中国产石松科6属9种1变型植物孢子形态进行了观察.结果表明:石松科植物孢子为四面体形,辐射对称;具三裂缝,裂缝为孢子半径的1/2～3/4或几达赤道线,有些种裂缝具唇状边缘;极面观一般为圆角三角形或近圆形,赤道面观为扇形或近椭圆形;极轴长为23～50 μm,赤道轴长为24～54 μm;由外壁形成孢子表面网状、棒状、脊状、拟网状、瘤状和颗粒状纹饰的轮廓;周壁薄,通常只有1层.从孢粉学特征看,石松属和扁枝石松属孢子形态有交叉,属间特征不明显;而小石松属、卡罗利拟小石松属、垂穗石松属和藤石松属的属间孢子形态特征明显.     

中国水蕨属孢子形态及其系统学意义的研究

利用扫描电镜和透射电镜技术对我国产水蕨属2种的孢子形态进行了观察,对2种的形态结构进行了描述。本属孢子是同型孢子蕨类植物中最大的孢子,三裂缝,肋状纹饰,由外壁形成纹饰的轮廓;具较薄的周壁,在高倍放大的情况下呈颗粒或杆状,我们从孢子形态角度,支持水蕨作为一个独立的科,它与海金沙科的非洲蕨属（Mohria)的亲缘关系较近,是介于海金沙科和裸子蕨科之间蕨群。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.