中国奥陶纪晚期-志留纪早期孢型植物及古地理意义

中国奥陶纪晚期的孢型植物组合以隐孢子为主,不含真正三缝孢,称为Tetrahedraletes medinensis-Dy-adospora murusattenuata-Laevolancis chibrikovae(MMC)组合;中国志留纪早期孢型植物组合以隐孢子为主,包括四分体和单分体,缺失二分体,出现真正三缝孢,并产生不同的类型(光面、具纹饰、具弓形脊等类型),被称为Tet-rahedraletes medinensis-Laevolancis chibrikovae-Ambitisporites avitus/dilutus(MCA)组合。孢型植物化石的某些相似性表明:华南和塔里木板块可能分布于相近的低古纬度,气候特征具有一定的可比性,代表近赤道的热带气候;至少在志留纪早期,华南和印支板块与冈瓦纳大陆距离较近,可能处于同一古气候带,代表相似的生物古地理特征。     

四川广元晚志留世植物碎片

本文初步研究了产自四川广元晚志留世地层中植物碎片,共分为三个类型。TypeI 具有叶状体,表面具有孔,叶状体上着生有具有中间加厚带的枝。Type Ⅱ的枝表面具有刺。Type Ⅲ的枝二歧分叉三次。通过研究认为,Type I与苔藓类植物可以对比,具有一定的相似性,可能生活在比较干燥的环境中。Type Ⅱ的母体植物可能生活在具有食草动物的环境中。     

A phylogenetic analysis of the 18S ribosomal RNA sequence of the coelacanth Latimeria chalumnae

Synopsis Approximately 98% of the sequence of the 18S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) of the coelacanth Latimeria chalumnae was determined by a combination of direct RNA sequencing and sequencing of rRNA genes amplified by the polymerase chain reaction. This sequence was compared with 18S rRNA sequences of similar length from seven other vertebrate species, representing the taxa Petromyzontiformes, Holocephali, Elasmobranchii, Actinopterygii, Dipnoi, Amphibia, and Amniota, in order to determine the most likely sister group of the coelacanth. Maximum parsimony analysis of these sequences resulted in a single most parsimonious tree containing a number of anomalous relationships among these groups. A bootstrap analysis showed that none of the relationships in this tree was significantly supported at the 95% level, however. Addition of data from 15 other vertebrates (providing multiple representatives of most of the higher taxa) resulted in similar ambiguous groupings, as did a number of methods of editing the sites compared (designed to eliminate rapidly evolving positions). These results may be due to a relatively rapid radiation of the major lineages of osteichthyans, the resolution of which will require molecular information from a larger portion of the coelacanth genome.     

浙江长兴志留纪真盔甲鱼类新材料及真盔甲鱼目系统发育关系的讨论

对浙江长兴地区志留纪真盔甲鱼类的新材料进行了研究。形态学研究结果表明 ,雷曼煤山鱼 (Meishanaspislehmani)一属种成立 ,并非浙江中华盔甲鱼 (Sinogaleaspiszhejiangensis)的同物异名。在此基础上 ,运用分支系统学的原理 ,对真盔甲鱼目的系统发育关系进行了探讨 ,分析结果表明 ,中华盔甲鱼属现有的 3个种并未组成一个单系类群 ,而是一个并系类群。浙江中华盔甲鱼不能归到中华盔甲鱼属 ,建议另立一新属。     

滇东曲靖地区晚志留世四射珊瑚动物群

对滇东曲靖地区晚志留世(Ludlow晚期一Prodoli早期)四射珊瑚群详细研究并对某些珊瑚属种作了修订。文中特别对关底组和妙高组的珊瑚群特征及其分布加以论述。滇东曲靖地区晚志留世四射珊瑚共有22属,44种(包括关底组、妙高组与玉龙寺组产的珊瑚)。其中泡沫珊瑚类Holmophyllum,Cystiphyllum和Ketophyllum占优势,其次是柱珊瑚类Kyphophyllum,Micula和Pilophyllum等属,而扭心珊瑚类代表很少,仅有Brachyelasma,Rukhinia和Phaulactis属首次发现在滇东晚志留世地层中。滇东曲靖地区晚志留世四射珊瑚群与西秦岭同期四射珊瑚有密切联系,同时,与乌拉尔(Ural)同期珊瑚群也有些相似。文中共描述四射珊瑚17属,23种,其中3新种,即Cystiphyllum minutum sp．nov．,Ketophyllum qujingense sp．nov．,Phaulactis vesicularis sp．nov．。     

中国西南志留纪的豆海百合类

描述了豆海百合类２属７种,它们是：Ｐｉｓｏｃｒｉｎｕｓ（Ｐ．）ｐｉｌｕｌａ,Ｐ．（Ｇ．）ｋｏｓｏｖｅｎｓｉｓ,Ｐ．（Ｇ．）ｂｏｈｅｍｉｃｕｓ,Ｐａｍｐｉｓｏｃｒｉｎｕｓｏｌｌｕｌａ,Ｐ．Ｓｐｈｅｒｉｃｕｓ,以及Ｐｉｓｏｃｒｉｎｕｓ（Ｇ．）ｂｒｅｖｉｓｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．和Ｐａｒａｐｉｓｏｃｒｉｎｕｓｐａｔｅｒｉｆｏｒｍｉｓｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．;并首次发现了Ｐ．（Ｇ．）ｂｏｈｅｍｉｃｕｓ萼杯内腔的内部钙质骨胳构造。同时,还就波希米亚豆海百合种内变异和豆海百合类的对称性进行了研究。     

CoelacanthLatimeria chalumnae aggregates in caves: first observations on their resting habitat and social behavior

Synopsis We report first observations on social behavior ofLatimeria chalumnae in its natural environment at around 200 m depth in the Comoro Archipelago, Western Indian Ocean. Coelacanths aggregate in small nonaggressive groups in sheltered lava-caves. They live in open site-attached social systems with individuals occupying large overlapping home ranges of more than 8 km coastline, some for a period of at least 2 years.     

湘西溶溪组的棘鱼化石及其层位

本文介绍了目前我国最低含鱼化石地层,即湘西早志留世(Llandovery 期)溶溪组的地区性地质剖面和产自该组七个类型的棘鱼鳍刺化石,并根据其同层中所产的无脊椎动物化石论证鱼化石层的层位.鱼化石本身所表现出的原始特性与这一结论是谐调的.     

About some aporrhaid and strombid gastropods from the Late Cretaceous

Sixteen species of the Stromboidea (Gastropoda) from the Late Cretaceous are described in this study. One species belongs to the Strombidae, the others to eight genera and subgenera of the Aporrhaidae. Eight species are new. They have been found in the Cenomanian of Kassenberg in western Germany, the Coniacian of the Mungo River in Cameroon, the Santonian of the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa, the Santonian/Campanian of the Ariyalur area in southern India, the Campanian of northern Spain, and the Maastrichtian of the Western Desert in Egypt. Two species ofDrepanocheilus from South Africa are considered stem-group representatives of the aporrhaids which inhabited the Weddellian Province in the early Tertiary. One new species of the strombid genusHippocrenes is regarded as an early species of the evolutionary lineage leading to the Seraphsidae. The new species areLatiala? ponsi, Drepanocheilus herberti, Drepanocheilus triliratus, Drepanocheilus (Tulochilus) jouberti, Graciliala quaasi, Kaunhowenia catalanica, Kaunhowenia punctata andHippocrenes kussi.     

新疆东北部晚侏罗世一新的柱齿兽

描述了哺乳纲柱齿兽目柱齿兽科(Docodontidae,Docodonta,Mammalia)一新属种——孙氏尖钝齿兽(Acuodulodon sunae gen.et sp.nov.)。标本产于新疆东北部准噶尔盆地五彩湾地区上侏罗统牛津阶石树沟组上部(159～161 Ma),为一不完整左下颌骨及齿列。新属下臼齿具柱齿兽类典型特征:齿尖b位于齿尖a前方;齿尖c位于齿尖a后舌侧;齿尖a前舌侧发育有齿尖g。不同于其他柱齿兽,新属下臼齿无齿尖e和齿脊b-e。齿尖g和齿脊b-g很快被磨蚀掉而齿尖a和c却能保持尖锐状态,表明该动物的臼齿在生活中具备并保持切割和碾压双重功能。基于下臼齿性状特征的系统发育分析表明,柱齿兽目作为一单系类群具有显著的鉴定特征。其中尖钝齿兽和Itatodon+(Simpsonodon,Castorocauda+(Tegotherium+Sibirotherium))形成一单系子类群;但tegotheriids各分子未形成独立于柱齿兽科的单系类群。尖钝齿兽的下颌齿骨亦为典型的柱齿兽类型。齿骨内侧下部近腹缘有浅的齿后骨槽和宽大的内侧脊,但两者未延伸到下颌关节髁的基柄部。这表明尖钝齿兽的齿后骨与齿骨的连接比摩根齿兽类更为松散,其中耳在进化上更接近真正意义上的哺乳动物中耳。     

志留纪晚期拟莱尼蕨植物Junggaria（准噶尔蕨属）的命名问题

基于《国际植物命名法规（维也纳法规）》,文中简要讨论了志留纪晚Pridoli世拟莱尼蕨植物Junggaria （准噶尔蕨属）命名中存在的突出问题,指出过去使用的JunggariaDou,1983以及J·spinosa Dou,1983和J.sphaerica (Senkevitsch) Cai,1995均未合格发表。因...     

皖北志留纪盔甲鱼类的新发现

本文记述了盔甲鱼类的一新属种——珍奇秀甲鱼(Geraspis rara gen. et sp. nov.),它代表—新科(Geraspididae fam. nov)。头甲及其后覆盖鳞片部分呈正常连接。主要特征为:间带短,角呈狭长的三角形,伸向后方。侧背沟靠近头甲中背线。鳞为小而密集的菱形。     

Ventral branchial musculature and synapomorphies questioned

A number of statements made by Wiley are examined in terms of the structure of branchial muscles and their innervation. His account falls short of what one would expect in terms of anatomical accuracy, method of analysis, and interpretation of observations.     

ON NEW MATERIAL OF STECODON WITHRECOLLECTIONS OF THE CLASSIFICATIONOF STEGODON IN CHINA

ReviseddiagnoaisCraniumcompressedanteroposteriorlyandhighvertical1y.Superiortuskslargeandstraight,nolowerincisors'Ridge-platesprogressiveIymulti-plyingfromsixtoelevenintheintermediateteeth,fromninetofifteenandhaIfilltheposteriormolars.Thereisamediancleftoritsvestigesintheanteriorridge-platesoftheprimitivespecies.Conesrapidlysubdividingbybinaryorternary.fissionintomultipleconelets(8-l2).Ridge-plateselevatingfrombrachyodonttosubhypsodont.Cementdevelopingintheval1eys.RemarksSarwar(l977)propose…     

中国的(亻莫)鼠(Mimomys)化石

本文详细综述了中国的 Mimomys 属材料.分布青海共和、甘肃合水、河北阳原及辽宁林西的 M. (Villanyia) chinensis Kormos、在甘肃合水与 M. gansunicus Zheng 共生,其时代为泥河湾期(或晚维拉方期,相当于 MN 18); 分布陕西渭南、山西平陆、榆社及河北阳原的 M. orientalis Young 和欧洲种 M. stehlini Kormos、分布渭南的 M. youhenicus 和欧洲种 M. kretzoii Fejfar 分别处于大致相同的进化阶段并和一个与 M. banchiaonicus 相似的种类共生, 其时代均为游河期(或早维拉方期,相当于 MN 16); 山西襄汾的 M. peii sp. nov. 的时代为大柴期(或中维拉方期,相当于 MN 17); 山西离石的 M. cf. intermedius (Newton) 的时代为泥河湾期;山西屯留的 Mimomys sp. 的时代可能偏早,为西村期(可能相当于路西南期或 MN 15).     

黔北晚奥陶世和早志留世四射珊瑚新资料

报道黔北早志留志中期（Middle Llandovery)地层中新发现的四射珊瑚7属--Cantrillia,Neocantrillia,Prototryplasma,Pycnostylus,Dalmanophyllum?.Rhegmaphyllum,Schlotheimophyllum,并描述产自黔东北石阡奥陶纪末期（Late Ashgill)观音桥层四射珊瑚2种--Grewingkia cf.bilateralis Neuman,Brachyelasma cf.medioseptatum(Neuman)及晚奥陶世（Early Ashgill期）涧草沟组中首次发现的四射珊瑚Crassilasma sp.。全文共描述四射珊瑚13属18种,其中6新种,它们是Crassilasma fenggangense sp.nov.,C.crebrumseptatum sp.nov.,Dinophyllum insolitum sp.nov.,Neocantrillia silurica sp.nov.,Prototryplasma guizhouense sp.nov.,Schlotheimophyllum regeneranum sp.nov.。