小麦高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基5基因序列

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小麦高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基分离方法的研究

小麦高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基（ＨＭＷ－ＧＳ）与小麦面包烘烤质量和面粉的加工特性密切相关,ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ是其常用的分离方法之一。ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ方法一般分为２类：第一类采用１１％和５％浓度的胶,后者用于分离２亚基和２＾＊亚基,该种方法常使用碱性提取液,需要２次电泳过程,且在５％浓度的胶中ＨＭＷ－ＧＳ易于和麦醇蛋白混淆;另外一类ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ采用梯度胶,配合使用银染方法,制梯度胶则使用梯度仪及磁力搅拌     

西北春麦区小麦地方品种高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基组成分析

为了给品质改良提供基础材料,并了解西北春麦区小麦地方品种的遗传多样性,采用十二烷基硫酸钠-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(SDS-PAGE)方法,分析了493份小麦地方品种的高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基(HMW-GS)的组成.结果表明:在供试材料中,Glu-1位点共有26个等位基因,其中Glu-A1位点3个,Glu-B1位点9个,Glu-D1位点14个,亚基null、7+8、2+12在各自的位点上出现频率最高,分别达到了94.53%、92.92%、86.24%;亚基组成类型共有30种,主要为null/7+8/2+12,频率达79.76%;同时筛选出一些含有1、2*、13+16、14+15、5+10、1.5+10等优质亚基或亚基对的材料,可作为优质基因源;西北春麦区小麦地方品种间Glu-1位点的遗传多样性,以Glu-D1位点最高,其次是Glu-B1位点,Glu-A1位点最低.     

甘肃省春小麦品种高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基组成分析

应用十二烷基硫酸钠-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(SDS-PAGE)技术,对甘肃省121个普通小麦品种(包括地方品种、育成品种和引进品种)高分子量谷蛋白亚基构成、不同等位基因间亚基变异及出现频率系统分析的结果表明,甘肃省春小麦品种HMW-GS等位基因Glu-Al编码1、2*、N(缺失)三种亚基,Glu-B1 编码 7 8、7 9、17 18、22、7、8、14 15七种亚基,Glu-D1编码2 12、2 11、5 10、2 10、10、4 11、3 12、N八种亚基,频率最高的亚基分别是Null(81.0%)、7 8(86.0%)、2 12(60.0%);一些优质亚基在现有品种中都存在,如甘春20、高台紫麦子等,作亲本用于品质改良有很大潜力,而且少数罕见亚基7、8、11也存在;不同来源的春小麦品种HMW-GS组成比较,优质亚基组成类型如1、7 8、5 10,1、17 18、5 10在育成品种中出现频率较高.     

湖北推广小麦品种(系)高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基组成分析

应用SDS-PAGE技术分析了45份湖北推广小麦品种(系)籽粒的高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基组成。40份材料的高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基组成为同质,5份为异质。在Glu-1位点共检测到9种等位基因变异类型,其中Glu-A1位点有“1、2^ 、Null”3种变异类型,Glu-B1位点有“7、7 8、7 9、14 15”4种,Glu-D1位点有“2 12、5 10”2种。“Null、7 8、2 12”是主要亚基,它们的频率分别是62．5％、60％和72．5％。亚基组合类型有12种,其中(Null,7 8,2 12)亚基组合占30．0％,(1,7 8,2 12)、(1,14 15,2 12)、(Null,7 9,2 12)、(Null,7 8,5 10)4种组合的频率都在10％以上,这5种亚基组合占总组合的72．5％。供试小麦材料品质评分在5～10之间,平均评分为7．0。含5 10亚基的品种(系)所占比例低,是湖北小麦烘烤品质较差的部分原因。     

SDS-PAGE分析转基因小麦与主栽小麦杂交后代的高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基

目的:高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基(HMW-GS)1Ax1、1Dx5是对小麦面包烘烤品质有重要影响的优质亚基。将转基因小麦株系与普通小麦栽培品种常规杂交并快速筛选后代,以选育含有外源优质亚基的主栽小麦品系。方法:将分别含有1Ax1、1Dx5亚基的转基因小麦株系B102-1-2、B73-6-1与3种普通小麦主栽品种鄂恩1号、鄂麦12号、日喀则8号常规杂交,用不连续SDS-PAGE方法鉴定12组杂交组合(正反交)F1代311颗籽粒的HMW-GS。结果:不连续SDS-PAGE分析大量子代带型,能够快速鉴定筛选出具有优质亚基的株系,转基因获得的外源优质HMW-GS基因在大部分F1子代中能够共显性遗传。结论:常规杂交育种能使外源基因有效地整合进主栽小麦的基因组中,进一步分析后代遗传的稳定性和遗传规律就可以培育出优质的新品种;不连续SDS-PAGE快速筛选优质亚基的株系具有可操作性和实用性。     

小麦高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基基因 Dx5 的克隆与生物信息学分析

小麦籽粒中高分子量麦谷蛋白的含量与小麦的品质密切相关。通过Blast检索和生物信息学分析设计小麦高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基基因Dx5的特异引物,以优质小麦济麦20基因组DNA为模板,通过PCR扩增后测序,获得长度为2 619 bp的序列。生物信息学分析表明其开放阅读框长度为2 520 bp,编码839个氨基酸残基,与GenBank数据库中的Dx5蛋白质一致性最高达到99%,且具有高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基结构域。该序列命名为JMDx5,提交GenBank数据库后被接收,登录号为KJ144185,为后续研究其表达机理及改良小麦品质奠定了基础。     

小麦高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基等电点的特性分析

运用IEF×SDS-PAGE和NEPEGE×PAGE 2种双向电泳技术对5个普通小麦品种和1个硬粒小麦品种的高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基等电点的特性进行了研究。结果表明,等位亚基之间的等电点比较相近,而非等位亚基之间的等电点存在不同程度的差异,其中普通小麦G lu-B 1位点的亚基等电点最高,属于碱性类型。用NEPHGE×SDS-PAGE电泳能够对G lu-B 1亚基的等电点特性进行比较分析。通过对麦谷蛋白亚基等电点特性及变异规律进行分析,可以为精确判断亚基类型和鉴定遗传新种质等研究工作提供有价值的信息。     

云南小麦高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基基因1Dy12*的分离

通过SDS-PAGE分析,从云南小麦中鉴定出一个电泳迁移率比高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基1Dy12稍快的亚基1Dy12*.利用Glu-Dy位点特异引物对1Dy12*基因编码区进行了克隆和序列测定.1Dy12*基因全长为1980 bp,编码658个氨基酸.氨基酸序列比较结果表明:与亚基1Dy12相比有3个氨基酸的差异和1个二肽(GQ)的缺失,与亚基1Dy10相比有15个氨基酸的差异、2个六肽(IGQGQQ)的插入以及1个二肽(GQ)的缺失.这表明1Dy12*亚基是一个新型高分子麦谷蛋白亚基,其对小麦加工品质的影响正在评价中.     

小麦高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基序列及其结构与加工品质的关系

高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基（high molecular weight glutenin subunit,HMW-GS）是小麦种子贮藏蛋白的主要成分,其组成、含量和结构直接影响小麦面粉面筋的弹展性,决定着小麦的加工品质。本文主要对小麦HMW-GS的序列、结构和亚基之间组合形式做了详细的综述,并较系统地讨论了HMW-GS的结构和组成、特点等与面粉的加工品质之间的关系以及如何从定性和定量两方面来影响面粉的加工品质。     

用中国春双端二体分析西藏小麦的染色体构成

用普通小麦“中国春”双端二体系列(double ditelosomics)作母本分别与西藏小麦杂交,对全套21个F_1的PMC在MI进行端体配对分析。在(“中国春”双端二体7B×西藏小麦)F_1中,含有(t′,t1″)构型的PMC占观察总数的87.3％,7BS常不参与配对,显示出有较大差异。“中国春”3A、7A、2D—7D等8条染色体的两臂可以分别同时与西藏小麦对应染色体配成异型三价体(tt1′′′)的PMC频率达80.0—95.5％,表明西藏小麦与“中国春”之间这8条染色体差异很小。在涉及其余12条染色体的组合中,出现(tt1′′′)、(t′t1″)和(t′,t′)构型的PMC分别占观察细胞总数的42.3—77.6％、21.9—55.5％和0—8.0％,表明它们之间仅某个染色体臂间有轻度变异或分化。从总体来看,西藏小麦与“中国春”之间除7BS有较大差异外在染色体构成上基本相似。     

云南铁壳麦高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基组成及其遗传多样性分析

以36份云南铁壳麦为试验材料,采用SDS-PAGE法分析了Glu-1位点编码的高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基(HMW-GS)及组成。结果表明,在Glu-A1位点上检测到3种(N,2*和1)亚基类型,Glu-B1位点上共检测到5种(7、7 8、17 18、13 16和6 8)亚基类型,Glu-D1位点上只检测到1种(2 12)亚基类型。共检测到6种亚基组成类型,即:N、7、2 12,N、7 8、2 12,2*、7 8、2 12,2*、17 18、2 12,1、6 8、2 12和1、13 16、2 12。云南铁壳麦的HMW-GS为普通小麦已知变异类型的18%,3个位点的Nei's遗传变异系数顺序为Glu-B1(0.5734)>Glu-A1(0.2484)>Glu-D1(0),表明云南铁壳麦属较原始类型,Glu-D1位点未发生变异。品质评分最高分为8分(3份材料),平均为5.2分。同时86%的云南铁壳麦具有适合制作优质手工馒头的高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基(N和2 12),42%的云南铁壳麦具有亚基组成类型(1、7 8、2 12和N、7 8、2 12),这些材料可作为云南小麦馒头品质改良的材料。     

云南铁壳麦研究进展

铁壳麦是云南省独有的小麦种质资源,是中国特有的3个普通小麦亚种之一.本文对云南铁壳麦在形态特征、遗传特性以及与其他亚种的比较等方面所作的研究进行综述,并结合云南小麦育种及生产现状,对其今后的研究方向提出一些建议,旨在为云南铁壳麦的合理利用及保护提供参考.     

冬小麦植物铁载体分泌的杂种效应

缺铁是石灰性土壤常见的植物营养问题之一。禾本科植物种或基因型的植物铁载体分泌能力与耐缺铁有关 ,提高植物铁载体分泌能力是改良缺铁的土壤上植物铁营养的关键措施之一。在水培条件下分析了冬小麦(TriticumaestivumL .) 3个杂交种及其 4个亲本在缺铁营养液中植物铁载体的分泌及杂种的效应。植物铁载体的分泌率通过根分泌物对新形成的Fe(OH) 3 的活化能力进行测定 ,在缺铁症出现时每隔 2、3天测定 1次。在缺铁条件下 ,所有基因型都分泌较多的植物铁载体 ,并且随缺铁症状的发展分泌量增加。杂交种具有对缺铁更敏感的反馈系统 ,在缺铁条件下 ,杂交种比亲本分泌铁载体的速度更快、量更高。通过分析杂交种和亲本的关系 ,认为可以通过对亲本分泌植物铁载体能力和配合力的选择 ,利用杂种优势来提高小麦铁的利用效率。     

Gliadin and Glutenin Variation in Seeds of Somaclones of Triticum aestivum

Gliadin and glutenin of seeds of a pollen-derived pure line “H-33” and its 9 stable somaclones of wheat (Triticum aestivurn L.) from inflorescence callus were investigated using SDSPAGE. Among the 9 somaclones 6 were identical to the “H-33” in SDS-PAGE patterns of of gliadin and glutenin. The other 3 somaclones were identical with each other, but different from “H-33”. The varied electrophoretic bands of seed protein showed that somaclonal variation had occured at gene level during tissue culture in which the somaclones were produced.     

Genome-Wide Quantitative Trait Locus Mapping Identifies Multiple Major Loci for Brittle Rachis and Threshability in Tibetan Semi-Wild Wheat (Triticum aestivum ssp. tibetanum Shao)

Tibetan semi-wild wheat (Triticum aestivum ssp. tibetanum Shao) is a semi-wild hexaploid wheat resource that is only naturally distributed in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Brittle rachis and hard threshing are two important characters of Tibetan semi-wild wheat. A whole-genome linkage map of T. aestivum ssp. tibetanum was constructed using a recombinant inbred line population (Q1028×ZM9023) with 186 lines, 564 diversity array technology markers, and 117 simple sequence repeat markers. Phenotypic data on brittle rachis and threshability, as two quantitative traits, were evaluated on the basis of the number of average spike rachis fragments per spike and percent threshability in 2012 and 2013, respectively. Quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping performed using inclusive composite interval mapping analysis clearly identified four QTLs for brittle rachis and three QTLs for threshability. However, three loci on 2DS, 2DL, and 5AL showed pleiotropism for brittle rachis and threshability; they respectively explained 5.3%, 18.6%, and 18.6% of phenotypic variation for brittle rachis and 17.4%, 13.2%, and 35.2% of phenotypic variation for threshability. A locus on 3DS showed an independent effect on brittle rachis, which explained 38.7% of the phenotypic variation. The loci on 2DS and 3DS probably represented the effect of Tg and Br1, respectively. The locus on 5AL was in very close proximity to the Q gene, but was different from the predicted q in Tibetan semi-wild wheat. To our knowledge, the locus on 2DL has never been reported in common wheat but was prominent in T. aestivum ssp. tibetanum accession Q1028. It remarkably interacted with the locus on 5AL to affect brittle rachis. Several major loci for brittle rachis and threshability were identified in Tibetan semi-wild wheat, improving the understanding of these two characters and suggesting the occurrence of special evolution in Tibetan semi-wild wheat.     

Transport and Partitioning of Lead in Indian Mustard (Brassica juncea) and Wheat (Triticum aestivum)

Lead (Pb) contamination in soils is a serious concern because it can be taken up by crops and then transferred through the food chain, posing a potential risk to human health. Indian mustard (Brassica juncea) and wheat (Triticum aestivum) are important crop species known to accumulate heavy metals in their tissues. This study aimed at understanding the transport and accumulation of Pb in these two species and the risk associated with consumption of these foods, which would help us in mitigating accumulation of Pb in edible tissues. The plants were grown at different Pb concentrations for the entire life cycle, and the partitioning of the metal to different tissues was examined. The results showed that plant species differ widely in their ability to transport and accumulate Pb in different tissues. In B. juncea, there was significant accumulation of Pb in both siliques and seeds, whereas most of the Pb in wheat was concentrated in the vegetative tissues and less to the flag leaf and reproductive tissues. In both species, although seed Pb concentrations exceeded acceptable limits, dietary intake did not exceed acceptable limits in most treatments, indicating that more studies on Pb transport and redistribution in crop species is necessary.     

Asymmetric Somatic Hybridization Between Wheat (Triticum aestivum) and Bromus inermis

Asymmetric hybridization was conducted between wheat and Brorrats inermis keyss which is a distanfiy related intergeneric plant (belonging to different tribe) of wheat and possesses some favorable traits, such as resistant to cold, drought and disease. Protoplasts isolated from young embryo-derived calli of common wheat ( Triticura aestivum L., tv. 99P, (AABBDD), 2n = 42) were fused with UV-treated protoplasts isolated from young embryo-derived calli of Bromus inermis by PEG method. Three clones (No. 1 ~ No. 3) were regenerated from the fusion products and differentiated into albino seedlings. The clones and the seedlings were all verified as hybrids by chromosome counting, isozyme and RAPD analysis. Their isozyme and RAPD pattern contained the characteristic bands of both parents as well as new band(s). The chromosome numbers of albino were in the range of 42~54 with small chromosomes of Bromus inerm/s and chromosome fragments. The above results confirmed that hybrid albinos were obtained.     

Allelopathy in wheat (Triticum aestivum)

Wheat (Triticum aestivum) allelopathy has potential for the management of weeds, pests and diseases. Both wheat residue allelopathy and wheat seedling allelopathy can be exploited for managing weeds, including resistant biotypes. Wheat varieties differ in allelopathic potential against weeds, indicating that selection of allelopathic varieties might be a useful strategy in integrated weed management. Several categories of allelochemicals for wheat allelopathy have been identified, namely, phenolic acids, hydroxamic acids and short‐chain fatty acids. Wheat allelopathic activity is genetically controlled and a multigenic model has been proposed. Research is underway to identify genetic markers associated with wheat allelopathy. Once allelopathic genes have been located, a breeding programme could be initiated to transfer the genes into modern varieties for weed suppression. The negative impacts of wheat autotoxicity on agricultural production systems have also been identified when wheat straws are retained on the soil surface for conservation farming purposes. A management package to avoid such deleterious effects is discussed. Wheat allelopathy requires further study in order to maximise its allelopathic potential for the control of weeds, pests and diseases, and to minimise its detrimental effects on the growth of wheat and other crops.