吉林省延边地区丙型肝炎病毒基因型分布

为了解延边地区不同丙型肝炎病毒(HCV)基因型的分布特点,应用逆转录-聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)技术,检测了48例本地区抗HCV阳性血清,结果有29例出现HCVRNA阳性.再利用限制性片段长度多态性(RFLP)技术,对29例RT-PCR阳性标本进行HCV基因分型.结果延边地区主要流行HCVⅡ型,其次是HCVⅢ型,也存在HCVⅡ/Ⅲ混合型,且HCVⅢ型的感染率较高.     

Spontaneous hepatitis C viral clearance and hepatitis C chronic infection are associated with distinct cytokine profiles in Mexican patients

The mechanisms related to the spontaneous clearance of hepatitis C virus (HCV) havebeen primarily studied in regions where the infection is endemic. Results of priorstudies have been extrapolated to populations with low endemicity, such as Mexico.Herein, we determined the cytokine profiles in serum samples from Mexican patientswho spontaneously cleared HCV and patients chronically infected with HCV genotype 1a.Chronic HCV-infected patients displayed increased interleukin (IL)-8 and regulatedupon activation, normal T-cell expressed and secreted (CCL-5) secretion, whereaspatients who spontaneously cleared HCV showed augmented levels of IL-1 alpha, tumournecrosis factor-alpha, transforming growth factor-beta, monocyte chemoattractantprotein-2 (CCL-8), IL-13 and IL-15. Our study suggeststhat cytokine profiles maypredict disease outcome during HCV infection.     

丙型肝炎病毒（HCV）实验性疫苗的研究进展

丙型肝炎病毒是引起输血相关肝炎及慢性肝炎、肝硬化、肝癌的主要病原,目前尚无有效的治疗与预防手段。本文将综述HCV感染所引起的机体免疫应答及近年来实验性疫苗（主要是DNA疫苗、病毒载体疫苗及联合疫苗）的研究进展。     

HCV Antibody Response and Genotype Distribution in Different Areas and Races of China

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) heterogeneity accounts for the failure of effective vaccine development and the lack of successful anti-viral therapy in some patients. Little is known about the immune response to HCV peptides and the region or race specific genotypes in China. The objective of this study was to characterize HCV antibody immune response to HCV peptides and HCV genotypes in different regions and races of China. A total of 363 serum samples were collected from HCV carriers in 6 regions in China. The immune response to HCV peptides was evaluated by ELISA. HCV genotypes were examined using nested RT-PCR. We found that the anti-HCV antibody neutralization rates were significantly different among the serum samples from different areas or from different races in the same area. For samples from Tibet and Sinkiang, the rates of neutralization by HCV peptides were only 3.2% and 30.8%, respectively. The genotypes of samples from Tibet and Sinkiang were apparently heterogeneic and included type I, II, III and multiple types (I/II/III, I/II, I/III, II/III). One specific sample with multiple-genotype (I/II/III) HCV infection was found to consist of type I, II, III, II/III and an unclassified genotype. These studies indicate that the anti-HCV antibody immune response to HCV peptides varied across regions and among races. The distribution of HCV genotypes among Tibetans in Tibet and Uighurs in Sinkiang was different from that in the inner areas of China. In addition, a “master” genotype, type II, was found to exist in HCV infection with multiple HCV genotypes.     

四川省自贡市幼儿园3至5岁儿童乙型肝炎病毒感染情况及影响因素

为了解四川省自贡地区3～5岁幼儿乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)感染情况,并探索与感染有关的因素,1985年调查了1167名幼儿,其HBV总感染率为41.13％,HBsAg阳性率12.68％。幼儿的HBV感染与母亲HBsAg阳性密切相关。共检查母亲409例,38例HBsAg阳性,其幼儿HBsAg阳性率为50％(19/38),HBsAg阴性的母亲371例,其幼儿HBsAg阳性率9.97％(37/371),来自HBsAg阳性母亲的阳性子女占33.3％(19/56)。1986年随访HBV易感幼儿448例,HBV年感染率为12.95％(58/448),HBsAg年阳转率3.79％。HBV年感染率与原幼儿班级HBsAg阳性率的高低有关。     

不同临床类型乙型病毒感染者外周血T 细胞亚群与血清HBV DNA 载量及HBeAg 滴度相关性分析

目的:探讨慢性乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)感染患者外周血T细胞亚群与血清HBV DNA载量及HbeAg滴度的关系。方法:选取103名HBV感染患者和20名健康者为研究对象。流式细胞术检测外周血T细胞亚群,聚合酶链式反应及酶免疫分析法分别检测血清HBV DNA载量及HbeAg滴度。结果:慢性乙型肝炎患者和慢性HBV携带者外周血CD3+T、CD4+T淋巴细胞亚群百分数低于健康对照组,结果有统计学意义(P<0.05或0.01;而CD8+T细胞亚群则呈现相反趋势,结果亦有统计学意义(P<0.05或0.01)。HBeAg阴性组中,HBVDNA水平与CD8+T细胞亚群百分数呈正相关(r=0.567,P<0.01),与CD4+/CD8+T细胞亚群百分数比值呈负相关(r=-0.601,P<0.01),而与CD3+T、CD4+T细胞亚群百分数无相关性。HBeAg阳性组中,HBV DNA水平及HbeAg滴度与CD3+T、CD4+T、CD8+T细胞百分数及CD4+/CD8+T细胞百分数均无相关性(P>0.05)。结论:不同临床类型的慢性乙型肝炎病毒感染患者外周血T细胞亚群存在不同程度细胞免疫功能降低和细胞免疫调节异常。HbeAg阴性的HBV感染患者,其血清HBV DNA水平与外周血T淋巴细胞免疫存在相关性。     

不同临床类型乙型病毒感染者外周血T细胞亚群与血清HBVDNA载量及HBeAg滴度相关性分析

目的：探讨慢性乙型肝炎病毒（HBV）感染患者外周血T细胞亚群与血清HBVDNA载量及HbeAg滴度的关系。方法：选取103名HBV感染患者和20名健康者为研究对象。流式细胞术检测外周血T细胞亚群,聚合酶链式反应及酶免疫分析法分别检测血清HBVDNA载量及HbeAg滴度。结果：慢性乙型肝炎患者和慢性HBV携带者外周血CD3可、CD4T淋巴细胞亚群百分数低于健康对照组,结果有统计学意义（P〈0．05或0．01;而CD8＋T细胞亚群则呈现相反趋势,结果亦有统计学意义（P〈0．05或0．01）。HBeAg阴性组中,HBVDNA水平与CD8T细胞亚群百分数呈正相关（r=0．567,P〈0．01）,与CD47CD8＋T细胞亚群百分数比值呈负相关（r=-0．601,P〈0．01）,而与CD3＋T、CD4＋T细胞亚群百分数无相关性。HBeAg阳性组中,HBVDNA水平及HbeAg滴度与cD3＋1r、cD41、CD8叮细胞百分数及CD47CD8＋T细胞百分数均无相关性（P〉0．05）。结论：不同临床类型的慢性乙型肝炎病毒感染患者外周血T细胞亚群存在不同程度细胞免疫功能降低和细胞免疫调节异常。HbeAg阴性的HBV感染患者,其血清HBVDNA水平与外周血T淋巴细胞免疫存在相关性。     

Hepatitis viruses and hepatocarcinogenesis

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is among the most frequent malignancies worldwide. Hepatitis viruses, such as the hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) are undoubtedly listed in the etiology of HCC. Studies show that, in the near future, viral hepatitis will carry increasing weight in the etiology of HCC. This review briefly discusses the known carcinogenic effects of HBV and HCV in the light of experimental and human studies. The data show that viral proteins may directly interfere with gene products responsible for cell proliferation and cell growth. Many other signal transduction cascades may be affected as well. Direct integration of HBV viral sequences into the host genome increases the genomic instability. The genomic imbalance allows the development and survival of malignant clones bearing defected genomic information. HBV and HCV infection induces indirect and direct mechanisms through cellular damage, increased regeneration and cell proliferation, therefore enhancing the development of HCC.     

Pathology of hepatitis C

Abstract: The basic morphological patterns of acute or chronic viral hepatitides are very similar, irrespective of the causative hepatitis viruses A, B, C, D or E. In addition, however, acute and chronic hepatitis C shows characteristic, although not pathognomonic histological changes. These consist of lymphoid aggregates in portal tracts, sometimes with germinal centers, damage of bile duct epithelium, and micro- or macrovesicular steatosis of hepatocytes. A combination of two of these three characteristic alterations is seen in over half of the patients with chronic hepatitis C and is helpful in the histological diagnosis of the disease.     

常见肝炎病毒感染性疾病相关miRNA功能研究进展

病毒感染引发的疾病一直威胁着人类健康。Mi RNA是真核生物表达的一类重要的小分子RNA,可特异性的调节基因与蛋白的表达。mi RNA的研究为病毒性疾病的发生发展提供了新思路,为目前热点研究领域。随着mi RNA的研究深入,一些病毒感染中相关mi RNA的功能也被相继报道,如有些mi RNA具有抑制病毒感染宿主细胞的功能,有些mi RNA则可促进病毒在宿主细胞中的复制,有些mi RNA却参与病毒相关疾病的发生,还有些mi RNA则可作为病毒感染性疾病的特异性生物标志物。本文主要以两种常见肝炎病毒:HBV、HCV为例来系统阐述mi RNA在病毒感染中的相关功能。     

Seroepidemiology of hepatitis C virus infection in Japan and HCV infection in haemodialysis patients

Abstract: Since January 1990, Japanese Red Cross Blood Centres have introduced hepatitis C virus screening with a first-generation ELISA. From April to December 1992, approximately 0.98% among 10905 489 blood donations screened by a second-generation assay were anti-HCV-positive in all Japan. Seropositivity of anti-HCV increased with the age and serum transminase value in both sexes. In blood donors having a history of transfusion, the anti-HCV reactive rate was 7.4%. The results of the study made by the Japanese Red Cross Non-A, Non-B Hepatitis Research Group show the effectiveness of implementation of HCV screening to prevent posttransfusion hepatitis. Consecutive haemodialysis patients with chronic renal failure are at risk for inflection by a variety of blood-borne agents transmitted within dialysis units. Because of their immunocompromised state, they frequently also have an unusual susceptibility to a variety of nosocomial infections, such as HBV, and HTLV-I. We tested the prevalence of anti-HCV in 1423 (848 males and 575 females) haemodialiysis patients from 18 hospitals in Kumamoto Prefecture, Japan using the Orhto first generation anti- HCV screening assay. There were 316 patients (22.2%) positive for HCV antibodies. The second-generation test was positive in most haemodialysis patients who were eractive to the firs-generation assay. The prevalence of HCV infection increased with the duration of haemodialysis, yet there was a high frequency of HCV seropositivity even wihtout blood transfusion. Acquisition of HCV in dialysis patients could be explained by HCV seropositivity even without blood (all haemodialysis are done with disposable kits, and needles), by secondary HCV infection after the immunodeficiency of haemodialysis, or by HCV infection of the kidney or glomerular deposition of immune HCV/anti-HCV complexes leading to chronic renal failure (as with HBV infection of the liver and kidney).     

一种新型丙型肝炎病毒培养方法的建立

以丙肝病毒 (ＨＣＶ)为切入点 ,建立一套通过基因操作技术在体外细胞培养系统中生产高滴度反转录病毒颗粒的大规模病毒培养技术平台 ,并将该技术应用于其它难以体外大规模培养的反转录病毒的生产。该体系包括一株插入Ｔ7ＲＮＡ聚合酶基因的重组痘苗病毒ｖＴＦ 3和 2个重组质粒 ,质粒ＰＴ7ＨＣＶ在上游Ｔ7启动子和Ｔ7终止子之间插入ＨＣＶ基因组ｃＤＮＡ ,可通过Ｔ7ＲＮＡ聚合酶指导转录产生 9 5ｋｂ的ＨＣＶＲＮＡ ;另一质粒Ｐ...     

C3/Ig and Ig/C3 two-component-determined circulating immune complexes (TCIC) in patients with HCV infection

In the present study, we measured the levels of immunoglobulin (Ig)- and complement 3 (C3)-determined circulating immune complexes (two-component-determined CIC, or TCIC) in hepatitis C virus (HCV)-infected patients. TCIC was dissected into C3/Ig-TCIC and Ig/C3-TCIC by a reciprocal use of coating and detecting antibodies. The current study was carried out in 117 infected HCV patients and 252 healthy controls. We found that C3/Ig-TCIC elevation was a common feature in patients with HCV infection. Positive rates and levels of C3/IgG-TCIC and C3/IgM-TCIC were significantly higher in the patients with abnormal alanine aminotransferase (ALT) than patients with normal ALT (70.6% vs. 17.0%, 0.56 OD vs. 0.47 OD and 0.71 OD vs. 0.65 OD, respectively, P<0.001). However, the levels of IgM/C3-TCIC and IgA/C3-TCIC were significantly higher in individuals with HCV infection than in healthy controls, whereas the level of IgG/C3-TCIC was significantly lower in the former group than in the latter group. In summary, our results suggest that IgG and C3 TCIC may play an important role in liver cell injury during the course of HCV infection and may be a hallmark for hepatitis C pathogenesis. Elevated C3/Ig-TCIC, accompanied by decreased Ig/C3-TCIC, forms a peculiar trait in HCV infection. Our findings thus provide new insights into HCV pathogenesis.     

Modified lipoproteins provide lipids that modulate dendritic cell immune function

Both physiological and pathological situations can result in biochemical changes of low-density lipoproteins (LDL). Because they can deliver signals to dendritic cells (DC), these modified lipoproteins now appear as regulators of the immune response. Among these modified lipoproteins, oxidized LDL (oxLDL) that accumulate during inflammatory conditions have been extensively studied. Numerous studies have shown that oxLDL induce the maturation of DC, enhancing their ability to activate IFNγ secretion by T cells. LDL treated by secreted phospholipase A₂ also promote DC maturation. Among the bioactive lipids generated by oxidation or phospholipase treatment of LDL, lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) and some saturated fatty acids induce DC maturation whereas some unsaturated fatty acids or oxidized derivatives have opposite effects. Among other factors, the nuclear receptor peroxisome-proliferator activated receptor γ (PPARγ) plays a crucial role in this regulation. Non-modified lipoproteins also contribute to the regulation of DC function, suggesting that the balance between native and modified lipoproteins, as well as the biochemical nature of the LDL modifications, can regulate the activation threshold of DC. Here we discuss two pathological situations in which the impact of LDL modifications on inflammation and immunity could play an important role. During atherosclerosis, modified LDL accumulating in the arterial intima may interfere with DC maturation and function, promoting a Th1 immune response and a local inflammation favoring the development of the pathology. In patients chronically infected, the hepatitis C virus (HCV) interferes with lipoprotein metabolism resulting in the production of infectious modified lipoproteins. These lipo-viral-particles (LVP) are modified low-density lipoproteins containing viral material that can alter DC maturation and affect specific toll-like receptor signaling. In conclusion, lipoprotein modifications play an important role in the regulation of immunity by delivering signals of danger to DC and modulating their function.