HLA class Ⅱ alleles in human sporotrichosis in Mexican Amerindians

Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class Ⅱ alleles are involved in antigen processing and presentation to T lymphocytes during fungal infections. However, few studies have investigated HLA genes in fungal diseases, or in sporotrichosis infections. Here, the frequencies of HLA-DRβ1 in 50 healthy volunteers and 9 patients with sporotrichosis from an endemic area in Mexico were determined to define their role in genetic susceptibility to this infection. Also, the frequencies of HLA-DRβ1 haplotypes were compared with a historic control group of healthy Mexican individuals. The patients presented that DR4 and DR8 increased, which were more than twice the control''s values, whereas local controls (endemic area) presented DR*04:01 increased, compared with the control group from Mexico City. The data suggest that involvement of HLA antigens could affect the outcomes of the host-fungi interaction in sporotrichosis by regulating the immune response to Sporothrix schenckii complex.     

上海,无锡地区汉族人群HLADR4基因14种亚型分析

本文应用聚合酶链反应配合限制性内切酶片段长度多态性（ＰＣＲ－ＲＦＬＰ）分析方法,在１３０例上海、无锡地区汉族人群中发现２３例ＤＲ４基因检测呈阳性,对其ＤＲ４基因的亚型ＲＦＬＰ和分布频率特征进行了研究,结果显示,ＤＲ４基因携带者为１７．７％,存在７种ＤＲ４亚型,以ＤＲＢ１＊０４０５频率最高,构成ＤＲ４阳性人群的４７．８％,其次为ＤＲＢ１＊０４０６和ＤＲＢ１＊０４０３,分别为２１．７％和１７．４％,上     

The associated regulators and signal pathway in rIL-16／CD4 mediated growth regulation in Jurkat cells

IL-16 is a ligand and chemotactic factor for CD4 T cells. IL-16 inhibits the CD3 mediated lymphocyte activation and proliferation. The effects of IL-16 on the target cells are dependent on the cell type, the presence of co-activators etc. To understand the regulation function and mechanism of IL-16 on target cells, we used a 130 a.a. recombinant IL-16 to study its effects on the growth of Jurkat T leukemia cells in vitro. We found that the rIL-16 stimulated the proliferation of Jurkat cells at low dose (10^-9M), but inhibited the growth of the cells at higher concentration (10^-5M). Results showed that 10^-5 M of rIL-16 treatment induced an enhanced apoptosis in Jurkat cells. The treatment blocked the expression of FasL, but up-regulated the c-myc and Bid expression in the cells. Pre-treatment of PKC inhibitor or MEK1 inhibitor markedly increased or decreased the rIL-16 induced growth-inhibiting effects on Jurkat cells, respectively.The results suggested that the rIL-16 might be a regulator for the growth or apoptosis of Jurkat cells at a dose-dependent manner. The growth-inhibiting effects of rIL-16 might be Fas/FasL independent, but,associated with the activation of PKC, up-regulated expression of c-Myc and Bid, and the participation of the ERK signal pathway in Jurkat cells.     

基于高频X线机的DR升级系统的应用

目的探讨应用平板探测器升级高频x光机成为DR系统的方法及其应用价值。方法利用CANON公司的CXDI一50G平板探测器升级PHILIPSBuckyTs高频x光机,采集的图像信息传避工作站进行图像处理。结果图像质量满足诊断要求,与医院PACS、RIS系统联网成功。结论基于高频x光机的DR升级系统,提高了影像质量,降低了材料损耗和购机成本,有一定的推广和应用价值。     

DR和CT对人鼠股动脉结扎诱导的侧支血管显像能力的对比研究

目的：探讨数字化X线摄影（digital radiography,DR）和电子计算机断层扫描成像（Computed Tomography,CT）对大鼠股动脉结扎诱导的侧支血管显像能力的对比,方法：28只健康SD大鼠,右侧行股动脉结扎,存活1w,采用明胶一四氧化三铅混合物行血管造影观察大鼠后肢侧支血管形成情况并分别采用DR及CT进行摄片,观察DR及cT对侧支血管的显像能力结果：DR及CT均显示在股动脉结扎处血管连续性中断,并出现不同数量的侧支血管;DR对新生侧支血管的显影分辨率和清晰度明显高于CT,且远端股动脉显影较CT清晰,CT横断面成像具有放射状伪影结论：经DR拍摄的侧支血管的显像能力较CT清晰,利用DR可以直观清晰的将其显像     

DR和CT对大鼠股动脉结扎诱导的侧支血管显像能力的对比研究

目的:探讨数字化X线摄影(digital radiography,DR)和电子计算机断层扫描成像(Computed Tomography,CT)对大鼠股动脉结扎诱导的侧支血管显像能力的对比.方法:28只健康SD大鼠,右侧行股动脉结扎,存活1W,采用明胶-四氧化三铅混合物行血管造影观察大鼠后肢侧支血管形成情况并分别采用DR及CT进行摄片,观察DR及CT对侧支血管的显像能力.结果:DR及CT均显示在股动脉结扎处血管连续性中断,并出现不同数量的侧支血管;DR对新生侧支血管的显影分辨率和清晰度明显高于CT,且远端股动脉显影较CT清晰,CT横断面成像具有放射状伪影.结论:经DR拍摄的侧支血管的显像能力较CT清晰,利用DR可以直观清晰的将其显像.     

猪SLA-DR二级结构预测及同源模建

应用EXPASY服务器（http：／／www．expasy．oh／tools）上的SOPMA法对SLA—DR的α链和口链进行二级结构的预测,并与人的HLA—DR相应的α链和β链的氨基酸和二级结构成分比较,在此基础上同源模建SLA—DRα链、β链及复合体SLA—DR的三级结构。结果显示,SLA—DR的α链各二级结构成分α螺旋、β折叠、转角和无规则卷曲的数目分别为36、61、4和69,β链中分别为42、56、16和74。α链和β链各二级结构成分与复合体SLA—DR具有高度的符合率,分别达到98．7％（α螺旋）、99．1％（β折叠）、83．3％（转角）和97．2％（无规则卷曲）。各功能区分析,SLA—DR的α1和β1区为结合抗原的高变化区。同源模建和三级结构分析表明SLA—DR的α链和口链具有独立的三级结构,并可以组成复合体SLA—DR。     

PCR-SSP技术对广东汉族人HLA-DR基因分型

探索具有高分辨率、高特异性和简捷快速的方法对ＨＬＡ－ＤＲ基因分型,为临床器官移植配型和疾病相关性分析提供实用的方法和基础资料．利用ＤＲ１～ＤＲｗ１８序列特异性的１９组引物及１对内参照引物进行ＰＣＲ扩增即ＰＣＲ－ＳＳＰ对ＨＬＡ－ＤＲ进行基因分型,扩增产物经琼脂糖凝胶电泳,溴乙锭染色,在紫外光下观察分型结果．每个被检个体的ＤＲ型别可由特异引物扩增出现的电泳谱带直接判断．双盲检测２２例的结果１００％正确．在１０２例中国广东地区汉族人中,ＤＲ９和ＤＲ２的基因频率最高,分别为０．２２０５和０．１９１２,ＤＲ１０为最低（０．００９８）．与用ＰＣＲ－ＳＳＯ方法分型获得的结果比较,基因型别分布基本一致,但一些等位基因的频率有差异,表明ＨＬＡ－ＤＲ基因频率的分布在不同地区、不同种族的人群间存在着差异．ＰＣＲ－ＳＳＰ法分辨率和特异性虽不及ＰＣＲ－ＳＳＯ法但比血清学方法精细,分型的全过程只需２～４ｈ能满足临床器官移植配型的要求．基因频率调查结果为器官移植配型和疾病相关性分析提供了基础资料．     

Costimulation of resting B lymphocytes alters the IL－4－activated IRS2 signaling pathway in a STAT6 independent manner：implications for cell survival and proliferation

IL-4 is an important B cell survival and growth factor. IL-4 induced the tyrosine phosphorylation of IRS2 in resting B lymphocytes and in LPS- or CD40L-activated blasts. Phosphorylated IRS2 coprecipitated with the p85 subunit of PI 3' kinase in both resting and activated cells. By contrast, association of phosphorylated IRS2 with GRB2 was not detected in resting B cells after IL-4 treatment although both proteins were expressed. However, IL-4 induced association of IRS2 with GRB2 in B cell blasts. The pattern of IL-4-induced recruitment of p85 and GRB2 to IRS2 observed in B cells derived from STAT6 null mice was identical to that observed for normal mice. While IL-4 alone does not induce activation of MEK, a MEK1 inhibitor suppressed the IL-4-induced proliferative response of LPS-activated B cell blasts. These results demonstrate that costimulation of splenic B cells alters IL-4-induced signal transduction independent of STAT6 leading to proliferation. Furthermore, proliferation induced by IL-4 in LPS-activated blasts is dependent upon the MAP kinase pathway.     

Types of voltage—dependent calcium channels involved in high potassium depolarization—induced amylase secretion in the exocrine pancreatic tumour cell line AR4—2J

Ca2 channelsandamylasesecreti0ninAR4-2Jce1lsAR4-2Jisacelllineoriginallyderivedfr0matransp1antable,azaserine-inducedmurinetumour[1,2],whichc0ntainssignificantamount0famylaseandotherdiges-tiveenzymes'Thiscelllinecontainsanumberofreceptorsystems:substanceP[3…     

The kinetics of IL—4 and IFN—γ gene expression in Mice after Trichosansin immunization

Trichosanthin (TCS) is a potent allergen to mice.According to our previous experiments,it could bring out the IgE response to ovabumin (OVA) if TCS was given one day before OVA immunization,while OVA alone could not induce IgE to it.In this work,the kinetics of interleukin 4(IL-4) and interferon γ(IFN-γ) gene expression in the mesenteric lymph node (MLN) of TCS-immunized mice was investigated using a semi-quantitative RT-PCR method.It indicated that TCS induced significant IL-4 gene expression and the peaks of IL4 gene expression were on day one after TCS immunization in both primary and secondary response.In contrast,the IFN-γ gene expression was suppressed.Furthermor,the IL-4 gene expression in the secondary response was lower than that in the primary response.Thus the presence of IgE memory B cells were studied.Results showed that the amount of mature IgE mRNA arose significantly and rapidly one day after TCS restimulation,while in the MLN of the mice primed 30 days before and without boost,it was almost as the same amount of the unimmunized control.These findings suggest the existence of the IgE memory B cells in the mice after the primary TCS immunization.     

HLA-Ⅱ类基因DRα及DRB1 *0401转基因小鼠模型的遗传与繁殖

采用类系祖建系的方法 ,对HLA -Ⅱ类基因DRα 和DRB1 　 0 4 0 1转基因小鼠模型进行了繁育。通过PCR和Southernblot分子杂交的方法 ,检测小鼠尾组织的DNA样品 ,以确定DR基因的整合和复制情况。结果表明 ,HLA -Ⅱ类基因DR已稳定地遗传至第五代(F5) ;共产仔 32 6只 ,PCR检测出阳性小鼠 95只 ,阳性率为 2 9.1 %。PCR—Southern印迹杂交检测 ,发现 68只仔鼠整合有DR基因 ,总有效率为 2 0 9%。经Nothern杂交和RT -PCR检测HLA -DR基因在脾脏和肾脏中均有表达。     

DR全脊柱摄影技术在脊柱侧弯中的应用与优势

目的:探讨数字化X线摄影(DR)全脊柱摄像技术在脊柱侧弯中的应用和优势。方法:收集2012年2月至2013年6月于本院进行治疗的脊柱侧弯病例88例,应用数字化X线摄影(DR)技术对脊柱由上至下进行正位和侧位的扫描,均进行3次曝光,每两次曝光间隔均为9秒,曝光后通过图像拼接技术将患者脊柱图像进行拼接和重叠,形成全景图像,对全部患者的图像质量进行观察和评估。结果:所有入选病例中有84例患者图像清晰显示了脊柱侧弯的方向和角度、椎体和椎间隙、对称的椎弓根、根间距及对脏器的影响程度。其中1例因运动不合作出现伪影,3例曝光不足。全脊柱图像质量正位优秀率为92.43%,侧位优秀率为85.92%;全脊柱图像拼接正位优秀率为83.44%,侧位优秀率为86.58%。结论:数字化X线摄影(DR)技术应用上方便快捷,患者配合时间较短,图像质量较好,能够满足临床医生进行诊断和治疗,有助于患者预后康复情况的评估,值得在临床诊断中推广应用。     

Cytoplasmic Poly（A） Binding Protein 4 Is Highly Expressed in Human Colorectal Cancer and Correlates with Better Prognosis

Cytoplasmic poly(A) binding protein 4(PABPC4) is an RNA-processing protein that plays an important role in the regulation of gene expression.The aim of this study was to investigate the expression pattern and identify the potential clinical significance of PABPC4 in colorectal cancer.Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that 26.7%(27/101 patients) of primary colorectal tumors and 60.5%(23/38 patients) of corresponding adjacent,normal tissues showed high cytoplasmic expression of PABPC4,whereas expression was absent in 98%(43/44 patients) of distant,normal tissues.Using Kaplan-Meier analysis,we observed that the expression of PABPC4 was significantly correlated with disease-free survival and overall survival in patients with stageⅡand stageⅢcolorectal cancer(P = 0.022 and P = 0.020,respectively).PABPC4 expression was positively associated with survival outcome,and may have predictive value in the prognosis of patients with colorectal cancer.Taken together,our findings indicate that PABPC4 may play a role in the pathogenesis of colorectal cancer.     

Effect of 2,4-D on Seedling Physiology and Cytogenetical Studies in Triticum aestivum and Phalaris minor (Gramineae)

Effects of 2, 4 -D on seedling growth and chromosomal abnormalities were studied in Triticum aestivum and Phalaris minor. Seeds were soaked at different concentrations of 2,4 -D （0.01%, 0.1%, 1.0% ） for 4, 8, 12 and 16 hours. 2,4-D suppressed the germination more severely in P. minor than in T. aestivum. Shoot and root length was retarded with the increase of concentration and time of treatment in both species. Generally radical was more negatively affected than coleoptile and emergence of radical was not observed at 1.0% concentration at 8, 12, and 16 hours of treatment in T. aestivum while in P. minor there was a total lack of radical emergence at 1.0% concentration for all durations of treatment. Stiff and curled roots and undifferentiated callus like scutellar tissues were observed in T. aestivum, while in P. minor the coleoptile obtained was lean, pale green in colour and was lying flat on filter paper. Mitotic index decreased, while chromosomal abnormalities, bridges and laggards were increased with the increase of concentration and soaking time however, laggards were not observed in T. aestivum. Clumping and chain formation of chromosomes at metaphase was also noticed in P. minor.     

AQP-4在几种常见类型脑水肿中的表达及其作用

脑水肿是指各种原因导致的脑组织水含量增多,可导致脑容积增大、颅内压增高,脑水肿发病机制复杂,是多种颅脑疾病如脑静脉血栓形成、脑缺血、脑出血、脑组织创伤等的主要病理生理改变之一,其形成严重影响疾病预后,是颅脑疾病中致残、致死的主要原因。水通道蛋白(Aquaporin,缩写为AQP)是一个具有高度选择性通透水的膜通道蛋白家族,包括200多个家族成员,其蛋白质分子结构中有一狭窄的亲水性孔道,通过该孔道水分子从水位势能高的一侧迅速扩散到势能低的一侧,而其它的物质则不能通过;AQP-4是脑内含量最多的水通道蛋白,最近研究表明AQP-4参与多种颅脑疾病的脑水肿的形成及消退。本文就AQP-4在几种常见类型脑水肿中的表达及作用进行综述。     

Key enzymes of the protocatechuate branch of the β-ketoadipate pathway for aromatic degradation in Corynebacterium glutamicum

The β-ketoadipate pathway, a primarily chromo-somally encoded catabolic route that plays a signifi-cant role in the degradation of aromatic compounds, is widely distributed in soil bacteria and fungi[1]. This pathway consists of two parallel branches of which the aromatic rings are cleaved by either protocatechuate 3,4-dioxygenase or catechol 1,2-dioxygenase. The two branches converge at β-ketoadipate enol-lactone in bacteria, and three additional steps complete the con-version of the latter…