Revisione delle specie: Actinomyces albus,A. chromogenus,A. odorifer,A. thermophylus,A. viridis,A. viridochromogenes,A. hominis,A. innominatus

Riassunto Lo studio comprende una revisione critico-sperimentale della specie Actinomyces albus, della quale vengono considerati come sinonimi circa 30 nomi speeifici, fra i quale A. chromogenus, A. odorifer, A. thermophylus p.p.; della specie é data una diagnosi ed una particolareggiata descrizione.Sono inoltre studiate le specie A. viridis, (= A. viridochromogenus) e A. innominatus, n. nomen. Quest'ultima é preceduta da una breve discussione sulla specie A. homini.

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Summary Twenty-six strains of Actinomyces albus are studied redescribed from morphological, cultural and biochemical standpoints. Many biological activities of A. chromogenus, A. odorifer and A. thermophilus are in common with other species of the same genus, so that they may be considered for sub-specific, (not specific) differentiation. A discussion on A. farcinicus, A. albidoflavus and A. aureus has been originated from mislabeling as A. albus; the group including the two last named species (flavus group) must be revised. A few strains classified A. farcinicus are in no doubt true A. albus, but this real specific entity remains to be revised from Nocard's strain. A. viridis, for the first time described by Lombardo-Pellegrino, has been redescribed three times as a new species under the same binomial, and the fourth as A. viridochromogenes. A. hominis Bostroem is an uncorrect determination for the species originally described by Waksmann and Curtiss, and it is renamed A. innominatus, the binomial A. (Streptothrix) hominis Auct. being a nomen ambiguum. In conclusion, 30 bionmial are appended in sinonimy to A. albus, including Cladothrix dichotoma Macé (1888) non Cohn, G. invulnerabilis Acosta et G. Rossi, C. odorifera Rullm. Actinomyces chromogenus Gasp., A. thermophilus Auct., p.p., A. (Streptothrix) Sanninii (Cif.) Westerd., A. Almquisti Duché, A. Gougeroti Duché, and so on.

     

Aspidistra albopurpurea,A. khangii,A. lubae and A. stellata spp. nov. (Asparagaceae,Convallariaceae s.s.) from Indochina

Aspidistra albopurpurea, A. khangii, A. lubae and A. stellata discovered recently are described and illustrated as species new to science. All novelties are local endemics of northern Vietnam and southeastern Laos. Aspidistra albopurpurea is unique in the genus with a white/red stigma in striking contrast to the large milk‐white tube base. Aspidistra stellata belongs to a group of species with extraordinary long and narrow lineate perigone lobes. Aspidistra khangii and A. lubae belong to a small group of species having erect, vertical shoots. The first species is easily distinguished by its stout stem, down‐curved peduncle and obpyramidal, container‐shaped perianth. Aspidistra lubae has characteristic horizontal, peduncles and urceolate flowers. Besides the type variety, A. lubae includes var. lancifolia, which differs in its erect, lanceolate, immaculate, shortly petiolate leaves. Both varieties of A. lubae were found growing, often intermixed, in the same locality in very similar ecological conditions.     

Zur Cytotaxonomie vonArabis hirsuta agg. (Cruciferae). IV. Chromosomenzahlen vonA. sagittata (Bertol.) DC. undA. hirsuta (L.)Scop. s. str. aus Europa

Zusammenfassung A. sagittata (Bertol.) DC. von zehn Herkünften aus Europa ist mit 2 n=16 diploid.A. hirsuta (L.)Scop. s. str. einschließlich der sicherlich hierhergehörigen var.glaberrima Wahlenb. von 30 europäischen Herkünften ist mit 2 n=32 tetraploid; diploide Pflanzen konnten beiA. hirsuta s. str. nicht gefunden werden.

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Summary A. sagittata (Bertol.) DC. from 10 different places in Europe has 2 n=16 chromosomes and is diploid.A. hirsuta (L.)Scop. s. str., its var.glaberrima Wahlenb. being included, has been investigated from 30 provenances in Europe, it has the tetraploid chromosome number 2 n=32, diploid plants could not be found in this species.A. hirsuta var.glaberrima (2 n=32) is surely belonging toA. hirsuta s. str. and not toA. allionii (2 n=16).

     

Asarum yentuense sp. nov. (Aristolochiaceae) from Vietnam

A new species, Asarum yentuense N. Tuan & Sasamoto (Aristolochiaceae), is described from Quang Ninh Province, Vietnam. This species belongs to A. subgen. Heterotropa sect. Longistylis and is most similar to Asarum petelotii, A. glabrum, A. reticulatum and A. magnificum var. dinghuense, but is differentiated by morphology, including the length of the calyx tube and lobes, and phenology.     

A Bryophyte flora of Cornwall. II. Sphagna

Abstract

The taxonomy of Anomobryum julaceum and allied species with axillary bulbils in Europe and Asia is reviewed. A. concinnatum is regarded as a distinct species, occurring in W. and C. Europe, SW., N. and C. Asia and N. America. A. bavaricum has often been confused with A. concinnatum, but differs in its more numerous, small, reddish bulbils and in leaf shape; it is known only from the European Alps. The Asian A. nitidum also has numerous small reddish bulbils but it differs from A. bavaricum in leaf shape and bulbil form. A lectotype is designated for A. nitidum, of which A. gemmigerum and other nominal taxa are regarded as synonyms. Information is presented on geographical ranges and habitats of the four valid species.     

Bulb-type onion introgressants posessing Allium fistulosum L. genes recovered from interspecific hybrid backcrosses between A. cepa L. and A. fistulosum L.

Allium fistulosum possesses a number of traits which would be desirable in A. cepa. Thus far, no commercial A. cepa cultivars have been released which harbor Allium fistulosum traits. F₁BC₃ populations were generated for this study by backcrossing A. cepa to A. cepa×A. fistulosum hybrids. The F₁BC₃ plants were evaluated for plant morphology, floral characters, male- sterile cytoplasm, soluble solids and pungency, and isozymes. Overall growth habit and floral characters of the F₁BC₃ plants were much like A. cepa. We report here the recovery of recombinant, bulbing, and fertile A. cepa-type onions that exhibit A. fistulosum isozyme alleles and morphological markers. Recombination between A. cepa and A. fistulosum genomes was achieved using the introgression strategy of backcrossing A. fistulosum into A. cepa, thereby ameliorating the nuclear cytoplasmic barriers that occurred in previous less successful introgression attempts when plants were not in A. cepa cytoplasm. We believe this report to be the first demonstration of onion introgressants that are like A. cepa in appearance, are male- and female-fertile, and possess A. fistulosum genes. Received: 29 May 1999 / Accepted 22 June 1999     

The genusAntennaria (Asteraceae: Inuleae) in western North America: Morphometric analysis ofAntennaria alborosea,A. corymbosa,A. marginata,A. microphylla,A. parvifolia,A. rosea,andA. umbrinella

Multivariate analysis of vegetative and reproductive characters was used to examine morphological relatedness amongAntennaria alborosea A. E. Porsild,A. corymbosa E. Nels.,A. marginata Greene,A. microphylla Rydb.,A. parvifolia Nutt.,A. rosea Greene, andA. umbrinella Rydb. Both pistillate and staminate plants were examined. Some of the characters examined were variable in one species, but stable in another (i.e., presence or absence of papillae on the achenes). Our analyses indicate that the seven species are morphologically distinct. It is hypothesized that theA. rosea agamic complex arose through hybridization amongA. corymbosa, A. microphylla, A. umbrinella, and possiblyA. dioica (L.)Gaertn. However, hybridization between the three former species and others, as well as their subsequent morphological responses to different environmental conditions causes confusion in recognizing the taxa.Antennaria angustifolia Rydb.,A. arida E. Nels.,A. confinis Greene,A. scariosa E. Nels.,A. foliacea humilis Rydb.,A. concinna E. Nels., andA. viscidula E. Nels. are considered to represent F 1 hybrids.     

Amomum dampuianum and A. mizoramense spp. nov. (Zingiberaceae) from Mizoram,northeast India

Two new species of Amomum (Zingiberaceae) from Mizoram are described and illustrated: A. dampuianum and A. mizoramense. Photographs, a comparison with the allied species A. corynostachyum and A. hypoleucum, and a key to the species of Amomum known in Mizoram is also provided.     

Patterns of intraspecific variation inAntennaria alborosea,A. corymbosa,A. marginata,A. microphylla,A. parvifolia,andA. umbrinella (Asteraceae:Inuleae)

Patterns of intraspecific variation were examined inAntennaria alborosea A. E. Porsild,A. corymbosa E. Nels,A. marginata Greene,A. microphylla Rydb.,A. parvifolia Nutt., andA. umbrinella Rydb. AlthoughA. alborosea was initially considered arctic in distribution, it became apparent that a southern montane element also exists. Our results suggest that morphological differences between arctic and southern montane specimens represent clinal variation. The additional morphological data for specimens that occur more than 1,500 km south of the species' range as it was initially described result in a better understanding of this once presumed arctic taxon. Morphological variation in the dioecious speciesA. corymbosa, A. marginata, A. microphylla, A. parvifolia, andA. umbrinella was greater between the genders than was geographic variation within each gender. These results demonstrate that both pistillate and staminate specimens must be examined in dioecious species ofAntennaria if morphological variation in the respective species is to be fully understood. Character size or number of broadly distributed species (A. microphylla andA. parvifolia) generally decreased with increasing longitude, whereas characters of species with more restricted distributions (A. alborosea, A. corymbosa, andA. marginata) generally increased in size or number with increasing latitude or longitude.Antennaria umbrinella was an exception in this respect.     

Introgression of Allium fistulosum L. into Allium cepa L.: cytogenetic evidence

Summary A diploid Allium cepa plant was recovered from the backcross of an interspecific triploid (2 x A. cepa + 1 x A. fistulosum) to an A. cepa diploid which exhibited both A. cepa and A. fistulosum Adh-1 alleles. Cytogenetic analyses revealed a recombinant sub-telocentric chromosome. The ADH-1 locus is believed to be on the long arm of the sub-telocentric A. fistulosum chromosome 5. Meiosis of the triploid progenitor gives strong evidence that recombination occurred. A. fistulosum chromosome 8 has been substituted for A. cepa chromosome 1.Contribution of the College of Agricultural Sciences, Texas Tech University, Journal No. T-4-275     

Biosystematic studies on Adenophora potaninii Korsh. complex (Campanulaceae) V. A taxonomic treatment

Abstract Adenophora is an extremely variable genus, and its taxonomy is very controversial. Of the genus, Adenophora potaninii complex, including A. potaninii, A. bockiana, A. wawreana, A. lobophylla, A. biformifolia, A. polydentata, and A. wawreana var. lanceifolia, is a typical group with different taxonomical treatments due to high level of morphological diversity. We carried out extensive biosystematic studies based on population sampling, transplantation experiments and offspring tests, cluster analysis, and a crossing experiment. The results reveal four main findings. (i) Leaf forms of the A. potaninii complex were extremely polymorphic; the leaf form of A. potaninii and A. bockiana, and that of A. wawreana and A. biformifolia could be found, respectively, on a single population or among the offsprings of a single plant. (ii) Cluster analysis and a crossing experiment indicated that A. bockiana and A. polydentata could not be separated from A. potaninii, nor A. biformifolia from A. wawreana. (iii) Adenophora potaninii and A. wawreana were gradational in morphology and their compatibility value was slightly reduced compared to that within each entity. (iv) Adenophora lobophylla was distinct from the other members of the complex in shape and size of corolla, relative length of style, and shape of capsule. This species was incompatible reproductively with the other members of the complex, but partly compatible with A. stenanthina, a species in another section. Therefore, we recognized only one species with two subspecies in the complex, A. potaninii subsp. potaninii and subsp. wawreana, moved A. lobophylla out of the complex, and reduced all the other names as new synonyms.     

Corynoplastis japonica gen. et sp. nov. and Dixoniellales ord. nov. (Rhodellophyceae,Rhodophyta) based on morphological and molecular evidence

A new unicellular red alga, Corynoplastis japonica gen. et sp. nov., is described from Tobishima, Japan. Cells are spherical, 18–33 µm in diameter, pale purple to brownish red and surrounded by a mucilaginous sheath. A single chloroplast with many lobes extends from the cell periphery to the cell center. A peripheral thylakoid is present. A pyrenoid occurs at each innermost chloroplast lobe end and one or two thylakoids are present in the pyrenoid matrix. The nucleus is eccentric to peripheral and Golgi bodies are scattered throughout the cell and associated with endoplasmic reticulum. Cells have a slow random gliding motility. The low molecular weight carbohydrate mannitol is present in the cells. Molecular phylogenetic analysis indicates that this alga is closely related to members of the genus Rhodella. A new order, Dixoniellales, is established for Dixoniella, Neorhodella and Glaucosphaera based on molecular and ultrastructural evidence (Golgi bodies associated only with the nucleus). The redefined order Rhodellales in which Rhodella and Corynoplastis are placed is characterized ultrastructurally by Golgi bodies scattered throughout the cytoplasm and associated with endoplasmic reticulum.     

Armeria saviana sp. nov. (Plumbaginaceae) from central Italy

The new species Armeria saviana, endemic to an isolated mountain chain of the Tyrrhenian Antiappennine system in south Tuscany, central Italy, is described and illustrated. The plant is diploid with 2n=18. It can be distinguished from the related species A. denticulata (Bertol.) DC and A. canescens (Host) Ebel, mainly by leaf characters, capitula, bracts and flowers. The systematic position of the controversial taxon A. majellensis Boiss. subsp. ausonia F. Bianchini, to which the new species has formerly been assigned by some authors, is discussed. A lectotype for A. denticulata is designated.     

BRACKISH WATER AND FRESHWATER SPECIES OF THE DIATOM GENUS SKELETONEMA. II. SKELETONEMA POTAMOS COMB. NOV.1

Electron microscope investigations of the siliceous frustule show that the diatom described by Hustedt as Stephanodiscus subsalsus (A. Cleve) Hust. is not Skeletonema subsalsum (A. Cleve) Bethge (Melosira subsalsa A. Cleve) but is Microsiphona potamos Weber. This species is so similar to Skeletonema costatum (Grev.) Cleve and Skeletonema subsalsum that the combination Skeletonema potamos (Weber) Hasle is suggested. Present records classify Skeletonema potamos as a freshwater species of lakes and rivers. In Sandusky Bay, Lake Erie (U.S.A.) and in River Wümme, a tributary of the River Weser (Germany) it grows with Skeletonema subsalsum. In nature, and when grown in cultures at a salinity of 0%, the processes are extremely short; when grown at salinities of 2% or more, the processes are much longer.     

Asolcus bennisi n. sp. (Hymenoptera,Proctotrupoidea) parasite oophage deGraphosoma lineata L. (Het. Pentatomidae)

Summary The Author describes from Morocco a new species ofAsolcus which is closely related to the sibling speciesA. basalis Wollaston andA. nigribasalis Voegelé. The species is namedA. bennisi and parasitizes in nature the eggs ofGraphosoma lineata L. The separation ofA. bennisi from the species of thebasalis group is based on biological tests and on a characteristic pigmentation of the parasitized host eggs reared under optimal laboratory conditions.      

A Bryophyte Flora of Kent. IV. Addenda and Corrigenda

Abstract

Based on a revision of Andreaea from the Canary Islands, the occurence of two species is confirmed. A key is provided. A. crassifolia Luisier occurs on Gran Canaria, La Palma and Tenerife. A. heinemannii Hampe &; Müll.Hal. occurs on La Palma. Former records of A. heinemannii s.l. for Gran Canaria and Tenerife refer to A. crassifolia.     

1064. Agapetes grandiflora Hook.f.: Ericaceae

A specimen of Agapetes from Myanmar is described and illustrated as Agapetes grandiflora Hook.f., as a result of comparison with A. burmanica W.E.Evans, A. macrantha (Hook.) Hook.f. and A. variegata (Roxb.) D.Don ex G.Don. This species has extrafloral nectaries on the margins of young leaves and at the apex of calyx lobes.     

Nomenklatur,Chromosomenzahlen und Evolution vonArabis auriculata Lam.,A. nova Vill. undA. verna (L.) R.Br. (Brassicaceae)

Zusammenfassung Auf Grund des Holotypus im Herbarium P-LA wird der NameArabia auriculata Lam. als korrekter Name für die am weitesten verbreitete Species der SectionAlomatium DC. emend. O. E.Schulz wieder eingeführt, als deren Typusart sie zugleich vorgeschlagen wird.A. auriculata Lam. 1783 wurde in letzter Zeit fälschlich in europäischen Floren mit dem jüngeren Synonym A. recta Vill. 1789 belegt und in vorderasiatischen Floren A. nova Vill. 1779 genannt.A. nova Vill. ist jedoch eine europäisch-submediterrane Art, die nicht mitA. auriculata Lam. conspecifisch ist. A. auriculata undA. nova sind diploid (2 n=16),A. verna ist tetraploid (2 n=32, diese Zahl wird erstmals veröffentlicht). A. auriculata undA. nova sind vorwiegend autogam,A. verna ist ebenfalls selbstkompatibel und trotz ihrer auffälligeren Blüten fakultativ autogam. Die drei wärmeliebenden Arten sind normalerweise einjährig, manchmal jedoch auch zweijährig. Als Einjährige sind sie in der Gattung als abgeleitet anzusehen.

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Nomenclature, chromosome numbers and evolution ofArabis auriculata Lam.,A. nova Vill., andA. verna (L.) K.Br. (Brassicaceae)

Summary Based on its holotype in the herbarium P-LA the nameArabis auriculata Lam. 1783 is re-established as the correct name of the widespread annual species, which was falsely called A. recta Vill. 1789 in recent European floras, and A. nova Vill. 1779 in recent floras of Western Asia. It is shown that A. nova Vill. refers to a European species of the submediterranean region, which is not conspecific withA. auriculata Lam. A. auriculata Lam. is proposed to be the lectotype ofArabis L. sect.Alomatium DC. emend. O. E.Schulz, comprising the species discussed here. A. auriculata andA. nova are diploids (2 n=16),A. verna is a tetraploid (2 n=32); the latter chromosome number is reported here for the first time. A. auriculata andA. nova are predominantly self-fertilizing,A. verna (though having more conspicuous flowers) is self-compatible and thus facultatively autogamous as well. The three thermophilous species are normally annual, only sometimes biennial. As annuals they are to be regarded as evolutionary derived within the genusArabis.

     

Neotropical Monogenoidea. 50. Oviparous gyrodactylids from loricariid and pimelodid catfishes in Brazil, with the proposal of Phanerothecioides n. g., Onychogyrodactylus n. g. and Aglaiogyrodactylus n. g. (Polyonchoinea: Gyrodactylidea)

The diagnosis of Phanerothecium Kritsky & Thatcher, 1977 is amended, and Phanerothecioides n. g., Onychogyrodactylus n. g. and Aglaiogyrodactylus n. g., all comprised of oviparous gyrodactylids (Monogenoidea: Polyonchoinea), are proposed to accommodate 11 of the 15 species (14 new to science) herein described and/or reported from loricariid and pimelodid catfishes (Teleostei: Siluriformes) in Brazil: Phanerothecium harrisi Kritsky & Boeger, 1991, P. spinatoides n. sp. and P. deiropedeum n. sp. all from Hypostomus spp.; P. spinulatum n. sp. from Hypostomus cf. regani; Phanerothecioides agostinhoi n. g., n. sp. (type-species) from Hypostomus spp. and Pseudoplatystoma fasciatum; Onychogyrodactylus sudis n. g., n. sp. (type-species) and O. hydaticus n. sp. both from Ancistrus multispinus; Aglaiogyrodactylus forficulatus n. g., n. sp. (type-species) from Kronichthys lacerta; A. pedunculatus n. sp. from Hisonotus sp.; A. guttus n. sp. from Pseudotothyris obtusa; A. salebrosus n. sp., A. conei n. sp. and A. ctenistus n. sp. all from Pareiorhaphis parmula; and A. calamus n. sp. and A. forficuloides n. sp. both from Schizolecis guntheri. Phanerothecioides n. g. is characterised by oviparous forms lacking superficial and deep haptoral bars and pregermarial vitelline follicles, and by having a conspicuous testis in adult specimens, a syncytial prostatic gland, a reduced copulatory sac and vitelline ducts in the form of an inverted ‘U’. Onychogyrodactylus n. g. is differentiated from all other oviparous gyrodactylid genera by its members having a spine-like accessory sclerite enclosed in a separate pouch associated with the terminal male genitalia. Species of Aglaiogyrodactylus n. g. possess H-shaped vitelline ducts and a complex accessory piece and sclerotised or non-sclerotised male copulatory organ enclosed within the copulatory sac.