Elatostema densistriolatum sp. nov., E. latistipulum sp. nov. and E. cyrtandrifolium var. hirsutum var. nov. (Urticaceae) from southwest China

Two new species and one new variety of Elatostema J. R. Forst. & G. Forst. (Urticaceae) are described from Yunnan and Xizang, China. Habitat details and morphological comparison with similar species are given and discussed. The new taxa proposed are: Elatostema densistriolatum W. T. Wang & Zeng. Y. Wu, E. latistipulum W. T. Wang & Zeng Y. Wu and E. cyrtandrifolium (Zoll. & Mor.) Miq. var. hirsutum W. T. Wang & Zeng Y. Wu.     

Growth and isoflavonoid accumulation of Pueraria candollei var. candollei and P. candollei var. mirifica cell suspension cultures

We established cell suspension cultures derived from leaf, stem, and root calli of Pueraria candollei var. candollei and P. candollei var. mirifica using liquid Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 0.56 μM 6-benzyladenine (BA) and 4.52 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D). Growth of the cell suspension cultures progressed to the stationary phase within 15–24 days. Methanolic extracts of cell suspension cultures of both varieties of P. candollei were analyzed using a validated HPLC protocol. All cell lines derived from leaf, stem, and root explants produced four major isoflavonoids: daidzein, daidzin, genistein, and genistin; these isoflavonoids were detected only in the roots of intact plants. Furthermore, the isoflavonoid contents of the cell suspension cultures were higher than those of intact plants. Thus, cell suspension culture of both varieties of P. candollei may be an effective tool for isoflavonoid production.     

913. MEEHANIA FARGESII var. PEDUNCULATA

Meehania fargesii var. pedunculata (Hemsley) C. Y. Wu, from the mountains of western China, is illustrated. The history and variation in the species is discussed, and suggestions for its successful cultivation are given.     

Increased miroestrol, deoxymiroestrol and isoflavonoid accumulation in callus and cell suspension cultures of Pueraria candollei var. mirifica

Miroestrol and deoxymiroestrol are highly active phytoestrogens derived from the tuberous roots of Pueraria candollei var. mirifica. To date, there have been no reports regarding the production of miroestrol and deoxymiroestrol in in vitro cell culture. In this study, callus and cell suspension cultures were established for the purpose of investigating miroestrol and deoxymiroestrol content in P. candollei var. mirifica cells. Stem-derived callus cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 0.1 mg l⁻¹ thidiazuron (TDZ), 0.5 mg l⁻¹ naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), and 1.0 mg l⁻¹ benzyladenine (BA) provided optimal conditions for the accumulation of deoxymiroestrol and total isoflavonoids. The calli produced 184.83 ± 20.09 μg g⁻¹ dry weight of total chromene and 20.72 ± 2.38 mg g⁻¹ dry weight of total isoflavonoid. This is the first report to suggest that callus culture is a suitable alternative method for producing miroestrol and deoxymiroestrol. Carbon sources were evaluated for the cell suspension cultures of P. candollei var. mirifica. Sucrose provided optimal conditions for biomass production, whereas fructose was the most suitable carbon source for deoxymiroestrol and isoflavonoid production. The information from our study can be employed for enhancing the production of miroestrol, deoxymiroestrol, and total isoflavonoids using in vitro cell culture of P. candollei var. mirifica.     

四川重楼属植物2新记录变种

报道了四川重楼属植物2新分布变种,分别是宽瓣球药隔重楼(Paris fargesii var. latipetala H. Li et V. G. Soukup)和红果五指莲(Paris axialis H. Li var. rubra H. H. Zhou, K. Y. Wu et R. Tao)。其中红果五指莲为贵州特有类群,且为孤点分布。四川新分布的发现对于重楼属植物的系统分类和迁徙演化研究具有重要意义。     

五福花科的初步研究

本文对五福花科的分类进行了初步研究,提出了新的分类系统,并对其系统演化规律、地理分布等进行了讨论。     

Numerical taxonomy of some charophytes in Iran

Morphological characters of 10 species of Chara from different localities in northern, western and central Iran have been analyzed, with Nitella hyalina and Tolypella glomerata as outgroups. Phenetic and cladistics analyses of populations belonging to the 10 Chara species were undertaken to reveal their inter‐population morphological variation and inter‐specific relationships. Clustering was based on 54 characters (41 qualitative and 13 quantitative). This produced two major clusters, grouping Chara crassicauliss, C. vulgaris var. longibracteata, C. vulgaris var. vulgaris and C. contraria separate from C. grovesii, C. gymnophylla var. gymnophylla, C. gymnophylla var. rohlenae, C. kirghisorum and C. tomentosa. A smaller cluster of C. socotrensioides, C. fibrosa and Chara sp. was separate from these two clusters. A factor analysis identified the most variable morphological characters as type of cortification, prescence and length of the spine cells, stipulode length, type of branchlet cortication, bract cells length, placement of the gametangia, character of end segment, length of branchlet and internode, development of posterior bract cells, oogonia length and width, oospore length, width and length/width ratio, fossa breath, and number of striae.     

广西被子植物新资料

桂西南喀斯特地区是广西也是中国生物多样性保护优先区域。基于该地区关键区域的深入调查，该文报道了广西被子植物新记录20种，即木姜叶征镒木[Wuodendron praecox(Hook. f.&Thomson) B. Xue, Y. H. Tan&X. L. Hou]、大果楠(Phoebe macrocarpa C. Y. Wu)、国楣铁线莲(Clematis fengii W. T. Wang)、方籽栝楼(Trichosanthes tetragonosperma C. Y. Cheng&Yueh)、枥叶花楸(Sorbus yunnanensis L. T. Lu)、长苞楼梯草(Elatostema longibracteatum W. T. Wang)、富宁槭(Acer paihengii Fang)、云南山茱萸(Cornus eydeana Q. Y. Xiang&Y. M. Shui)、长梗杜鹃(Rhododendron longipedicellatum Lei Cai&Y. P. Ma)、粉花安息香(Styrax roseus Dunn...     

竹亚科刚竹属植物的修订(Ⅳ)——Phyllostachys hispida的恢复及其近缘种的分类

在模式标本考证、居群调查和引种栽培的基础上,确认毛壳竹(Phyllostachys hispida S.C.Li,S.H.Wu et S.Y.Chen)与乌竹(P.varioauriculata S.C.Li et S.H.Wu)在新秆性状、秆箨颜色、箨舌高度及颜色、叶鞘毛被上有较大的区别,应作为独立的竹种看待。小叶光壳竹(P.varioauriculata var.glabrata G.H.Lai)也因新秆下部一段呈扁圆形、秆箨基部具长柔毛,叶片很小等特征而明显不同于乌竹,应提升为一个独立的竹种,但由于存在晚出同名问题而给出新名称P.microphylla G.H.Lai。同时还描述了毛壳竹的一新变种,即光壳竹(P.hispida var.glabrivagina G.H.Lai)。日本所产的姬淡竹与毛壳竹属于同一种系,因其学名P.humilis Muroi为一裸名,应予废弃。     

Effects of abiotic and biotic elicitors on growth and isoflavonoid accumulation in Pueraria candollei var. candollei and P. candollei var. mirifica cell suspension cultures

This study demonstrates the effects of various concentrations of abiotic and biotic elicitors on the cell growth and isoflavonoid accumulation of P. candollei var. mirifica (PM) and P. candollei var. candollei (PC) cell suspension cultures. The two plant varieties exhibited different growth responses and varied isoflavonoid accumulation after the addition of elicitors. Copper sulfate, methyl jasmonate (MeJA), and yeast extract did not significantly affect the growth of either plant variety, whereas oligosaccharide and the biotic elicitors used in this study [i.e., 50 mg l⁻¹ chitosan and all concentrations of laminarin (LAM)] suppressed the growth of PM. The addition of MeJA to the medium principally induced an effect on the isoflavonoid content in both PM and PC, with 2.0 μM MeJA inducing the highest isoflavonoid content, as indicated by the induction index—4.41 in PM and 9.62 in PC cells on the 12th and ninth day of culture, respectively. A maximum total isoflavonoid content of 40.49 mg g⁻¹ dry weight was achieved in PM 21 days after elicitation with 2.0 μM MeJA. LAM elicited the PM cell suspension culture to produce puerarin, which was not found in the unelicited culture. The results of this study provide information that will be useful for enhancing the accumulation of isoflavonoids in P. candollei cell suspension cultures.     

紫堇属突尖紫堇组的订正

突尖紫堇组计６种２变种,特产于中国西部的四川,云南,贵州,而集中分化于四川西部。本文描述了本组的特征集要,４新种和２新变种,即龙溪紫堇,凯里紫堇,羽叶紫堇,长距紫堇,无囊紫堇,多裂长距紫堇。     

Nomenclatural notes on the genus Paraphlomis (Lamiaceae: Lamioideae) from China

Lectotypes of Paraphlomis albiflora (Hemsl.) Hand.‐Mazz. and Paraphlomis gracilis (Hemsl.) Kudô are designated. The name Paraphlomis javanica (Blume) Prain var. angustifolia C. Y. Wu & H. W. Li ex C. L. Xiang, E. D. Liu & H. Peng is validated by a type designation.     

Hemiboea guangdongensis comb. & stat. nov., a cryptic species segregated from H. subcapitata (Gesneriaceae) based on morphological and molecular data

The taxonomic problem of cryptic species has long been recognized. Hemiboea subcapitata C. B. Clarke is a widespread and morphologically diverse species including two varieties, H. subcapitata var. subcapitata C. B. Clarke and H. subcapitata var. guangdongensis (Z. Y. Li) Z. Y. Li. However, genetic distance and molecular phylogenetic analyses based on nuclear ITS and four plastid DNA sequences (atpB‐rbcL, matK, rbcL, rpS16 intron) revealed that H. subcapitata var. guangdongensis is sister to H. subacaulis, and separated from H. subcapitata var. subcapitata, suggesting that it should be raised to the rank of an independent species as H. guangdongensis (Z. Y. Li) X. Q. Li & X. G. Xiang, comb. & stat. nov. Morphologically, the new species can be distinguished from H. subacaulis by its calyx 5‐sect from base, segments narrowly oblong‐lanceolate (versus calyx 5‐sect from base or 2‐lipped and adaxial lip 2‐lobed from below middle, segments ovate), peduncle glabrous (versus pubescent), and vermiform sclereids dispersed in leaf mesophyll (versus without sclereids).     

广西唇形科植物新记录

该文首次报道了唇形科5种植物在广西的新记录——簇序属(Craniotome Reichenb.)及簇序草[Craniotome furcata(Link)Kuntze]、西南水苏[Stachys kouyangensis(Vaniot)Dunn]、海南深红鸡脚参[Orthosiphon rubicundus(D.Don)Benth.var.hainanensis Sun ex C.Y.Wu]、黄花香薷[Elsholtzia flava(Benth.)Benth.]、滨海白绒草[Leucas chinensis(Retz.)R.Br.]。引证标本均存放于广西中医药研究院标本馆(GXMI)。     

New Taxa of the Genus Saxifraga from Hengduan Mountains

Some new taxa of the genus Saxifraga (Saxifragaceae) are described from the Hengduan Mountains of China. They are Saxifraga yezhiensis C. Y. Wu, S. subomphalodifolia J. T. Pan, S. gonggashanensis J. T. Pan, S. setulosa C. Y. Wu, S. maxionggouensis J. T. Pan, S. yunlingensis C. Y. Wu, S. pellucida C. Y. Wu, S. baimashanensis C. Y. Wu, S. nanelloides C. Y. Wu, S. draboides C. Y. Wu, S. deqenensis C. Y. Wu, S. implicans var. weixiensis C. Y. Wu, S. omphalodifolia var. callosa C. Y. Wu, S. omphalodifolia var. retusopetala J. T. Pan, S. diversifolia var. angustibracteata (Engl. et Irmsch.) J. T. Pan, In addition, one newname (S. dianxibeiensis J. T. Pan) is included.     

Larvae and juveniles of two engraulid species, <Emphasis Type="Italic">Thryssa setirostris</Emphasis> and <Emphasis Type="Italic">Thryssa hamiltoni</Emphasis>i,occurring in the surf zone at Trang,southern Thailand

 Engraulid larvae and juveniles collected from the surf zone off the Sikao River, Trang, southern Thailand, in the period between August 1999 and September 2000 were identified as Thryssa setirostris (n = 249, 14.1–25.7 mm SL) and T. hamiltonii (n = 731, 15.2–22.2 mm SL), based on the number of lower gillrakers and maxilla morphology. The two species were easily distinguishable by the melanophore pattern distributed on the anterior part of the striated hindgut, T. setirostris possessing three to five melanophores along the ventral midline and T. hamiltonii lacking such melanophores. The ratios of head length and eye diameter to SL also differed between the species, both being higher in T. hamiltonii. The distribution of the two species was limited to the surf zone outside the river mouth, that region being characterized by a higher salinity than the river and its tributaries.     

广西假糙苏属植物增补

报道假糙苏属(Paraphlomis)植物在中国广西2个新分类群和2个新记录种.2个新分类群是翅柄假糙苏(P.javanica(Blume)Prain var.pteropoda D.Fang & K. J.Yan)和白脉狭叶假糙苏(P.javanica(Blume)Prain var.angustifolia (C.Y. Wu)C.Y.Wu&H. W.Li f.albinervia D.Fang & K J.Yan).2个新记录种是刚毛假糙苏(P.hispida C.Y.Wu)和近革叶假糙苏(P.subcoriacea C.Y Wu ex H. W.Li).     

Effects of Agrobacterium rhizogenes strains and other parameters on production of isoflavonoids in hairy roots of Pueraria candollei Grah. ex Benth. var. candollei

Using several explants of Pueraria candollei Grah. ex Benth. var. candollei and two strains of Agrobacterium rhizogenes (ATCC 15834 and 43057), hairy root cultures were established. Including 100???M acetosyringone in the culture medium enhanced frequency of hairy root induction by up to 58?%. Subsequently, effects of inoculum size (IS) and temperature on growth and production of isoflavonoids in hairy roots were determined. Conditions of 1?%?IS and 32?°C promoted the highest accumulation of total isoflavonoid content, up to 31.0?±?22.6?mg/g dry weight (DW), in hairy roots. Moreover, culture of hairy roots at 32?°C decreased browning of hairy roots. Furthermore, this temperature promoted accumulation of the secondary metabolite daidzein; whereas, hairy root cultures at the stationary phase accumulated higher amounts of the isoflavonoid puerarin rather than daidzein.     

中国橐吾属(菊科-千里光族)的分类学研究(五):君范橐吾、长毛槖吾和南川橐吾原白中一些排印错误的改正

对我国菊科橐吾属(Ligularia Cass.) 3种植物原白中模式标本引证的排印错误进行了改正。君范橐吾(L. lingiana S.W. Liu)原白中错误地将主模式标本引证为赵清盛82946,实际应为赵清盛、牟克平和杨亚斌8294。长毛槖吾(L. changiana S.W. Liu ex Y. L. Chen & Z. Yu Li)(=L. heterophylla C. C. Chang,为L. heterophylla Rupr.的晚出同名)主模式为蔡希陶59771,但L. heterophylla C. C. Chang 的原白中错误地将主模式标本引证为蔡希陶59711;该号标本属于唇形科的灯笼草[Clinopodium polycephalum (Vaniot) C. Y. Wu & Hsuan]。南川橐吾(L. nanchuanica S. W. Liu)原白中引证的副模式标本熊济华和周子林93871实际应为李国凤63871,前者属于桤叶树科的城口桤叶树(Clethra fargesii Franch.)。