便携式运动能力检测系统的研制

目的:检测儿童的平衡能力和下肢力量,研究评估儿童运动能力的相关指标。方法:设计了一套便携式运动能力检测系统,检测儿童的平衡能力和下肢力量。本系统由运动能力检测设备和上位机数据分析存储展示部分组成。结果:研制的便携式运动能力检测系统具有可穿戴、功耗低等优点,能够准确地记录儿童的运动数据。结论:便携式运动能力检测系统能够检测使用者在运动过程中的平衡数据和下肢力量数据,及时发现运动能力的缺陷,为儿童的日常生活和锻炼提供参考。     

低压舱模拟飞行对于脑力负荷影响的初步探讨

目的:通过低压舱模拟飞行环境下被试人员生理指标的变化,探讨飞行员脑力负荷的变化规律。方法:21名男性志愿者参加低压舱模拟飞行的实验过程,座舱内的压力高度模拟2400米高空压力,持续时间1.5h,重复两次,中间出舱休息0.5h,检测指标为心率变异性(HRV),心理运动测验以及NASA-TLX主观评定量表。结果:研究表明,NASA-TLX量表从主观感受上很好的反映了低压舱模拟飞行后脑力负荷的变化,HRV、心理运动测验也发生了相应的变化。结论:本研究结果提示低压舱模拟飞行所导致的脑力负荷变化是具有一定规律的,生理心理测验可能是测定变化规律的一种间接方法。     

运动观察与运动想象的皮层节律活动与神经生理机制

研究证实,运动观察与运动想象对大脑的激活有利于中风后的运动功能再学习,可用于探索人类行为过程中大脑的神经机制.为对比分析运动观察和运动想象时皮层神经元的活动特征,选取10名健康被试,采集每名被试在运动观察和运动想象时特定手部抓握动作模式下的脑电信号(EEG);引入Gabor滤波器对感觉运动区和视觉区的EEG进行时频能量谱估计,并在此基础上对EEG进行事件相关去同步/同步化(ERD/ERS)分析;最后建立ERDI(ERD index)指标对左手和右手进行模式分类并量化比较运动观察与运动想象.研究结果表明,运动观察与运动想象类似,均激活大脑感觉运动皮层,并且运动想象产生对侧主导的α和βERD;基于ERDI指标的运动想象左右手识别正确率高于运动观察分类正确率;此外,运动观察过程还同时伴随视觉皮层活动,使β节律能量产生显著衰减.本研究为运动观察和运动想象在临床康复训练以及脑机接口领域的应用提供了神经生理基础和实现途径.     

双选择Oddball范式在行为抑制控制研究中的应用

行为抑制控制是个体对自身不恰当的、冲动的行为模式的抑制控制.这一功能对于人类的生存适应具有重要意义.Go/Nogo范式和Stop Signal范式(停止信号范式)是研究行为抑制控制及其认知神经基础的经典实验范式.在Go/Nogo范式中,被试仅对Go刺激做按键反应而对Nogo刺激不做反应.因此,该范式反映个体行为抑制控制功能的行为学指标过于依赖正确率,并且在提取抑制相关神经活动指标时难以排除运动相关因素的干扰,另一方面,停止信号范式要求通过梯度变化停止信号间隔,以保证被试在大约50%试次成功停止而另外50%试次停止失败,从而计算出反映行为抑制控制功能的停止信号反应时间,因此该范式损失了准确率指标,并且难以克服Go反应所诱发的神经活动对停止信号所诱发神经激活的污染.鉴于此,本研究组引入了双选择Oddball范式以期有效控制上述干扰因素,从而获得可灵敏反映行为抑制控制功能的综合性行为指标和神经生理指标.以反应时代价与准确率代价为主要行为学指标,双选择Oddball范式已被证实可以用于3个方面的研究:(i)可以用于行为抑制控制功能的个体差异研究(以性别差异为例);(ⅱ)可以用于研究个体内行为抑制控制的影响因素(以情绪及其强度为例);(ⅲ)可以用于物质成瘾的相关研究(以吸烟成瘾为例).这提示双选择Oddball范式可以广泛应用于行为抑制控制能力及其影响因素的灵敏测量与干预评估研究中.     

大学生生理指标和心境指标的相关性研究

目的:探讨大学生群体生理指标和心境指标的相关性.方法:参加实验的40名大学生全部来自大连理工大学,进入实验室后先休息5分钟,然后进行POMS(profile of mood states)心境量表测试,接下来对被试进行静息心率、血压、唾液皮质醇等生理指标的检测.指标测完后采用spss软件对生理指标和心境指标进行相关分析.结果:被试corfisol水平和心境中焦虑、疲劳指标显著正相关(双尾t检验,p＜0.05);静息心率和焦虑、迷茫指标显著正相关(双尾t检验,p＜0.05).结论:数据结果表明心理和生理指标之间存在促进和抑制的相互作用,负面心境和生理的交互作用会损害人体健康,如何改善被试心境状态是心身调节过程中应考虑的重要因素.     

大学生亚健康状态和心境状态的对比及相关性研究

目的:用亚健康自评量表和心境量表检测大学生的心身状态以及两种测量方法的对比和关联.方法:被试为120名大学生,全部来自大连理工大学,进入实验室后先休息约5分钟并填写被试信息表,然后进行心境量表POMS(profile of mood states)量表测试和亚健康自评量表SRSHS(self-rating sub-health scale)测试,POMS量表取TMD总分作为心境指标,亚健康量表取总分作为亚健康状态指标,用SPSS软件对数据做统计分析.结果:两种量表得分男生都显著高于女生,两种指标极显著正相关,心境量表TMD总分在110-160间的被试人数比率和亚健康被试人数比率相当.结论:大学生群体中,亚健康者占有约2/3的比率,女生的心身状态要好于男生;负性心境是亚健康状态的一个主要原因;心境TMD总分在110-160间的被试处于不同程度的亚健康状态.     

应用皮电检测新技术探索人体应激时的皮电响应

近年来,皮肤电作为反映情绪状态的一个敏感指标,引起了人们的广泛关注。为了研究情绪对皮肤电的具体影响．本研究用皮电检测仪（EDSD）的“能量过筛”技术,检测被试应激前后的皮肤电阻和电容的变化,提出了用皮肤电的综合情况来表征人体调节能力的概念。试验采用音乐、噪声、静息为应激源,让被试接受10min的刺激,并在刺激前后进行“能量过筛”,统计结果显示：（1）人体在应激前后的皮肤电的综合情况变化具有显著差异;（2）音乐可以调节人体的生理状态,而噪声则对人体十分有害;（3）在应激前后配以POMS心境量表检测被试的心理指标,以及对心率、血压生理指标的测量,也从不同水平上证实了不同的应激源对心理和生理指标的影响。     

低压舱模拟飞行对于脑力负荷影响的初步探讨

目的：通过低压舱模拟飞行环境下被试人员生理指标的变化,探讨飞行员脑力负荷的变化规律。方法：21名男性志愿者参加低压舱模拟飞行的实验过程,座舱内的压力高度模拟2400米高空压力,持续时间1．5h,重复两次,中间出舱休息0．5h,检测指标为心率变异性（HRV）,心理运动测验以及NASA—TLX主观评定量表。结果：研究表明,NASA－TLX量表从主观感受上很好的反映了低压舱模拟飞行后脑力负荷的变化,HRV、心理运动测验也发生了相应的变化。结论：本研究结果提示低压舱模拟飞行所导致的脑力负荷变化是具有一定规律的,生理心理测验可能是测定变化规律的一种间接方法。     

一阶运动和二阶运动方向辨别的知觉学习及传递性研究

为了明确视觉系统对一阶运动和二阶运动识别机制之间的相互关系,采用一阶运动和二阶运动的正弦光栅刺激,在旁中央凹对训练组(14名被试)进行运动方向辨别的知觉学习训练．通过比较训练前后的对比敏感度变化,并同对照组(11名被试)的结果比较后发现：a．在旁中央凹,一阶运动光栅方向辨别的训练提高了被试辨别一阶运动方向的能力,但是这种提高的效果却不能传递到二阶运动光栅的方向辨别任务当中;b．二阶运动光栅方向辨别的训练在提高被试二阶运动方向识别能力的同时,也提高了被试在一阶运动光栅方向辨别任务中的表现．这一训练效果的“非对称”传递现象提示,人的视觉系统中存在两种不同的机制分别用于感知一阶运动和二阶运动,但这两种机制并非截然不同,而是部分分离的．     

基于COMSTAT软件对微生物被膜进行定量分析的方法与意义

目的:微生物被膜是一种具有协调性、功能性和高度结构性的膜状复合物,它可以为微生物提供良好的生存环境,免受外界因素的干扰。研究发现,具有产生微生物被膜能力的细菌治病性明显增强,而现今缺乏一种分析微生物被膜的有效手段。本文探讨利用COMSTAT软件对微生物被膜进行定量分析的方法和意义,为对微生物被膜定性定量分析提供支持手段,从而为研究微生物被膜致病性提供方法理论基础。方法:以葡萄球菌为研究模型,利用激光扫描共聚焦显微镜成像技术,结合COMSTAT微生物被膜分析软件对微生物被膜的单位面积生物量、基质覆盖率、平均厚度、粗糙系数等方面进行定量分析,研究了该葡萄球菌的生物被膜生长变化过程,并考察了抗生素对其生物被膜的抑制作用。结果:在葡萄球菌生物被膜生长过程中,生物量、平均厚度以及平均扩散距离等结构指标数值都有明显增加,而粗糙度和表面积与生物量比值呈现降低趋势,表明了微生物被膜由发生向成熟的转化过程。与此同时,经10μg/mL和100μg/mL的卡那霉素处理得到的葡萄球菌微生物被膜生长受到明显抑制,且随着卡那霉素的浓度增加,抑制效果随之增加。结论:本文运用COMSTAT软件的分析方法首次从生物量、平均厚度等结构指标数值的角度描述了葡萄球菌生物被膜,从而有效评价微生物被膜发生、发展、成熟以及崩解的生长过程。该技术在研究微生物被膜形成的理论机制方面存在潜在价值,可以为研究微生物被膜治病性提供理论基础,具有理论指导意义。     

Conjugate momentum estimate using non-linear dynamic model of the sit-to-stand correlates well with accelerometric surface data

The purpose of this study was the development of a non-linear double inverted constrained pendulum model for the analysis of the movement of sit-to-stand (STS) transition. Ten able-bodied subjects perform five trials in their natural speed. Kinematics, kinetics as well as body worn accelerometer data were collected during the STS task using optoelectronic motion capture, force plate and inertial measurement unit, respectively. The conjugate momentum for the whole body which includes linear and angular motion correlates well with the accelerometric surface spanned by the accelerometer data. The partitioning of the conjugate momentum indicates a clear coordination between upper and lower limb after seat-off period. Moreover, the normalization procedure indicates a clear minimal and somehow invariant threshold value of the conjugate momentum to approximately 0.3 (body mass×body length) to perform the sit-to-stand for able-bodied subject. This threshold correlates well with the data obtained from accelerometeric index. The proposed accelerometric index is relevant to assess STS performance and to detect failed STS in clinics and outside a laboratory for patients with reduced mobility.     

The pediatric upper limb motion index and a temporal-spatial logistic regression: quantitative analysis of upper limb movement disorders during the Reach & Grasp Cycle

This study describes a novel pediatric upper limb motion index (PULMI) for children with cerebral palsy (CP). The PULMI is based on three-dimensional kinematics and provides quantitative information about upper limb motion during the Reach & Grasp Cycle. We also report key temporal-spatial parameters for children with spastic, dyskinetic, and ataxic CP. Participants included 30 typically-developing (TD) children (age=10.9±4.1 years) and 25 children with CP and upper limb involvement (age=12.3±3.7 years), Manual Ability Classification System (MACS) levels I-IV. The PULMI is calculated from the root-mean-square difference for eight kinematic variables between each child with CP and the average TD values, and scaled such that the TD PULMI is 100±10. The PULMI was significantly lower among children with CP compared to TD children (Wilcoxon Z=-5.06, p<.0001). PULMI scores were significantly lower among children with dyskinetic CP compared to spastic CP (Z=-2.47, p<.0135). There was a strong negative correlation between PULMI and MACS among children with CP (Spearman's rho=-.78, p<.0001). Temporal-spatial values were significantly different between CP and TD children: movement time (Z=4.06, p<.0001), index of curvature during reach (Z=3.68, p=.0002), number of movement units (Z=3.72, p=.0002), angular velocity of elbow extension during reach (Z=-3.96, p<.0001), and transport(1):reach peak velocities (Z=-2.48, p=.0129). A logistic regression of four temporal-spatial parameters, the Pediatric Upper Limb Temporal-Spatial Equation (PULTSE), correctly predicted 19/22 movement disorder subtypes (spastic versus dyskinetic CP). The PULMI, PULTSE, and key temporal-spatial parameters of the Reach & Grasp Cycle offer a quantitative approach to analyzing upper limb function in children with CP.     

Pendular activity of human upper limbs during slow and normal walking

When walking at normal and fast speeds, humans swing their upper limbs in alternation, each upper limb swinging in phase with the contralateral lower limb. However, at slow and very slow speeds, the upper limbs swing forward and back in unison, at twice the stride frequency of the lower limbs. The change from “single swinging” (in alternation) to “double swinging” (in unison) occurs consistently at a certain stride frequency for agiven individual, though different individuals may change at different stride frequencies. To explain this change in the way we use our upper limbs and individual variations in the occurrence of the change, the upper limb is modelled as a compound pendulum. Based on the kinematic properties of pendulums, we hypothesize that the stride frequency at which the change from “single swinging” to “double swinging” occurs will be at or slightly below the natural pendular frequency (NPF) of the upper limbs. Twenty-seven subjects were measured and then filmed while walking at various speeds. The mathematically derived NPF of each subject's upper limbs was compared to the stride frequency at which the subject changed from “single swinging” to “double swinging.” The results of the study conform very closely to the hypothesis, even when the NPF is artificially altered by adding weights to the subjects' hands. These results indicate that the pendulum model of the upper limb will be useful in further investigations of the function of the upper limbs in human walking. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

Quantitative analysis of upper limbs during gait: a marker set protocol

Purpose: to develop a marker set for simultaneously assessing upper and lower limb biomechanics during gait.Methods: 24 healthy young subjects (mean age: 23.80 years) were assessed quantitatively using an optoelectronic system, two force platform and a video system. Passive markers were positioned according to the proposed marker set which enables acquiring the upper and lower limb movement simultaneously during Gait Analysis. In addition to the traditional parameters obtained from Gait Analysis, the shoulder and elbow angles were computed from markers coordinates of upper limbs; then, some significant parameters were identified and calculated. From shoulder and elbow position, angles, angular velocities, angular acceleration, moments, and powers were calculated for shoulder and elbow joints. Results: Kinematic and kinetic data were obtained in the three planes (sagittal, frontal, and transversal) for the shoulder and in the sagittal plane for the elbow. Normative ranges were obtained for these parameters from data of healthy participants. Conclusions: The proposed experimental set-up enables simultaneous assessment of upper and lower limb movement during gait. Thus, no further trials are required in addition to those acquired during standard gait analysis in order to assess upper limb motion, which also makes the experimental set-up feasible for clinical applications.     

The kinematics of the scapulae and spine during a lifting task

Simultaneous motion of the scapula and humerus is widely accepted as a feature of normal upper limb movement, however this has usually been investigated under conditions in which purposeful, functional tasks were not considered. The aim of this study was to investigate the synchrony and coordination of the constituent 3D movements of the shoulder girdle and trunk, during a functional activity. 45 healthy women, aged between 20 and 80 years, performed a simple lifting task, moving a loaded box from a shelf at waist level to one at shoulder level and then reversed the movement, during which the linear and angular motions of the scapulae, upper and lower thoracic spine and upper limbs were monitored and analysed using cross-correlation techniques. Results indicated a close and consistent set of coordinated movement patterns, which suggest biomechanical invariance in the responses of the structures adjacent to the upper limb during such a lifting task. These scapulohumeral relationships were, however, more constant and phase-locked when there was a specific purpose to the movement than during periods in which the arm was lowered without load. There were no age-related differences in any movement responses.     

The discontinuous nature of motor execution II. Merging discrete and rhythmic movements in a single-joint system -- the phase entrainment effect

 Initiation of rapid discrete flexion movements is significantly altered when a secondary rhythmic movement is performed simultaneously with the same limb; the onset of a stimulus-evoked discrete movement tends to occur time-locked to the oscillation: i.e., the rhythmic movement entrains the discrete response. This nonlinear interaction may reflect a specific principle of coordination of motor tasks which are simultaneously executed with the same effector. This part II of a tripartite research report on such single-muscle multiple-task coordination investigates the contribution of the dynamic properties of the muscle and its reflex circuitry to phase entrainment. Assuming a simple threshold-linear relationship between the control signals generated by the central nervous system and the observable kinematic and electromyographic signals, a secondary rhythmic movement will cause an additional phase-dependent delay between the central “go” command and the first observable change in actual kinematics of the compound movement. Several indicators for such threshold-linear interaction are derived and tested on real data obtained in psychophysical experiments. Four healthy subjects performed rapid lateral abductions of the index finger in response to a visual “go” signal. During a portion of the experiments, subjects produced additional low-amplitude oscillatory movements before stimulus presentation with either the same finger (one-handed task), or with the index finger of the other hand (two-handed task). Results showed phase entrainment and modulation of reaction times when the cyclic and the discrete movements were simultaneously executed by the same finger. But there was no entrainment in the bimanual execution of the tasks. The model was capable of reproducing the observed effects. It is concluded that coordination of voluntary movements which are concurrently performed by the same effector involves specific discontinuous operations, which represents an essential part of the mechanism of motor coordination. Phase entrainment reflects this characteristic discontinuous behavior of the lower stages of motor execution and does not necessarily require nonlinear interaction of motor commands at higher levels of motor processing. Received: 5 September 2001 / Accepted in revised form: 19 December 2001     

Distinguishing the noise and attractor strength of coordinated limb movements using recurrence analysis

The variability of coupled rhythmic limb movements is assumed to be a consequence of the strength of a movement’s attractor dynamic and a constant stochastic noise process that continuously perturbs the movement system away from this dynamic. Recently, it has been suggested that the nonlinear technique of recurrence analysis can be used to index the effects of noise and attractor strength on movement variability. To test this, three experiments were conducted in which the attractor strength of bimanual wrist-pendulum movements (using coordination mode, movement frequency and detuning), as well as the magnitude of stochastic perturbations affecting the variability of these movements (using a temporally fluctuating visual metronome) was manipulated. The results of these experiments demonstrate that recurrence analysis can index parametric changes in the attractor strength of coupled rhythmic limb movements and the magnitude of metronome induced stochastic perturbations independently. The results of Experiments 1 and 2 also support the claim that differences between the variability of inphase and antiphase coordination, and between slow and fast movement frequencies are due to differences in attractor strength. In contrast to the standard assumption that the noise that characterizes interlimb coordination remains constant for different magnitudes of detuning (Δ ω) the results of Experiment 3 suggest that the magnitude of noise increases with increases in |Δ ω|.     

温针灸联合中药湿热敷治疗脑中风后肢体痉挛的疗效及对患者肢体运动、日常活动能力的影响

目的:研究温针灸联合中药湿热敷治疗脑中风后肢体痉挛的疗效及对患者肢体运动、日常活动功能的影响。方法:选取2017年3月到2018年4月在长春中医药大学附属医院接受脑中风后肢体痉挛治疗患者60例,按照随机数字表法将所有患者分为观察组和对照组各30例,对照组在常规处理的基础上给予温针灸治疗,观察组在对照组的基础上给予中药湿热敷治疗,采用改良Ashworth量表对比患者治疗前后肢体痉挛改善程度,通过Barthel指数评分对比患者治疗前后的日常活动能力,采用Fugl-Meyer评分对两组患者肢体运动能力进行评定。结果:两组治疗15 d和治疗30 d后的上、下肢体痉挛评分与治疗前比较均明显降低,Fugl-Meyer评分与治疗前比较均明显升高(P0.05),且治疗30 d后Fugl-Meyer评分与治疗15 d比较明显升高(P0.05)。治疗15 d、治疗30 d后,观察组上、下肢体痉挛评分均明显低于对照组,Fugl-Meyer评分均高于对照组(P0.05)。两组治疗30 d后Barthel指数评分较治疗前均有上升,且观察组评分显著高于对照组(P0.05)。结论:温针灸联合中药湿热敷治疗对脑中风后肢体痉挛有较好的疗效,能有效恢复患者脑中风后肢体运动功能,改善患者日常活动能力。     

Nutritional state and collective motion: from individuals to mass migration

In order to move effectively in unpredictable or heterogeneous environments animals must make appropriate decisions in response to internal and external cues. Identifying the link between these components remains a challenge for movement ecology and is important in understanding the mechanisms driving both individual and collective motion. One accessible way of examining how internal state influences an individual''s motion is to consider the nutritional state of an animal. Our experimental results reveal that nutritional state exerts a relatively minor influence on the motion of isolated individuals, but large group-level differences emerge from diet affecting inter-individual interactions. This supports the idea that mass movement in locusts may be driven by cannibalism. To estimate how these findings are likely to impact collective migration of locust hopper bands, we create an experimentally parametrized model of locust interactions and motion. Our model supports our hypothesis that nutrient-dependent social interactions can lead to the collective motion seen in our experiments and predicts a transition in the mean speed and the degree of coordination of bands with increasing insect density. Furthermore, increasing the interaction strength (representing greater protein deprivation) dramatically reduces the critical density at which this transition occurs, demonstrating that individuals'' nutritional state could have a major impact on large-scale migration.