miR-124a、let-7表达与胃癌临床病理特征和化疗疗效的相关性

目的:探讨外周血miR-124a和let-7的表达与胃癌临床病理特征和化疗疗效的相关性。方法:选取2013年1月～2017年3月在我院接受化疗的晚期胃癌患者为研究对象,所有患者入院后均择期行XELOX方案(奥沙利铂+卡培他滨)化疗。化疗前后,采用实时荧光定量PCR检测患者外周血miR-124a和let-7表达,分析其与患者临床病理特征的关系。根据化疗疗效将患者分为疾病控制组和疾病进展组,分析外周血miR-124a和let-7表达与化疗疗效的关系。结果:外周血miR-124a和let-7表达与肿瘤大小、分化程度、TNM分期和淋巴转移有关(P0.05)。肿瘤≥3 cm、中低分化、TNM分期Ⅳ期和有淋巴转移的患者外周血miR-124a和let-7表达量更低。与化疗前比较,化疗后患者外周血miR-124a和let-7相对表达量显著增加,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。95例患者,CR 0例(0.0%),PR 12例(12.6%),SD 20例(21.1%),PD 63例(66.3%),ORR为12.6%,DCR为33.7%。疾病控制组化疗后外周血miR-124a和let-7相对表达量明显高于疾病进展组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。Spearman秩相关分析显示外周血miR-124a和let-7相对表达量与化疗疗效呈正相关(rs=0.613、0.574,均P0.05)。结论:晚期胃癌患者外周血miR-124a和let-7的表达与肿瘤大小、分化程度、TNM分期、淋巴转移和化疗疗效相关。     

IGF-1及IGF-1R在胃癌中的表达及意义

目的探讨胰岛素样生长因子1(insulin-like growth factor-1,IGF-1)及胰岛素样生长因子1受体(insulin-like growth factor-1receptor,IGF-1R)在胃癌及癌旁胃黏膜组织中的表达及意义。方法采用免疫组化MaxVision两步法检测80例胃癌和50例癌旁胃黏膜组织中IGF-1及IGF-1R蛋白的表达,并分析两者与胃癌患者临床病理指标间的关系及其相关性。结果 IGF-1及IGF-1R蛋白在胃癌组织中表达阳性率分别为71.25%和75.00%,在癌旁胃黏膜组织中表达阳性率分别为30.00%和24.00%,差异有统计学意义(Z=-4.942,P0.001;Z=-5.688,P0.001)。IGF-1及IGF-1R蛋白的表达与胃癌的组织分化程度、有无淋巴结转移、浸润深度及临床分期相关(Z=-2.067、-2.837,P0.05;Z=-4.117、-3.579,P0.05;Z=-2.885、-2.836,P0.05;Z=-3.286、-3.313,P0.05)。相关性分析显示两者表达呈正相关。结论 IGF-1和IGF-1R蛋白在胃癌组织中呈高表达,两者可能在胃癌的发生、发展过程中具有协同及相互调节的作用。IGF-1和IGF-1R蛋白可能成为胃癌早期诊断、评估胃癌患者预后的重要指标。     

FOLFOX4和XELOX两周方案用于进展期胃癌新辅助化疗的随机对照研究

目的:观察FOLFOX4和XELOX新辅助化疗方案治疗局部进展期胃癌的疗效和毒副作用。方法:68例初治确诊为局部进展期胃癌的患者,随机分为两组,每组各34例,分别采用XELOX和FOLFOX4化疗方案行术前两个疗程的化疗治疗。结果:XELOX组总有效率为47.06%,FOLFOX4组总有效率为41.08%,两组间无显著性差异。不良反应方面,FOLFOX4组恶心、呕吐,白细胞减少和口腔黏膜炎发生率较高,而XELOX组手足综合症发生率较高。结论:XELOX方案作为胃癌新辅助化疗方案,疗效与FOLFOX4方案相似,但XELOX方案副作用较轻且均可控制,化疗时间短,对机体损伤小,易于接受,值得在临床工作中进一步研究和推广。     

紫杉醇联合顺铂和氟尿嘧啶治疗进展期胃癌的疗效观察

目的:研究紫杉醇(PTX)联合顺铂(DDP)和氟尿嘧啶(5-Fu)治疗进展期胃癌的疗效及不良反应,以期提高进展期胃癌手术的根治性切除率,改善病人的预后,为胃癌患者的治疗提供理论依据,进而丰富进展期胃癌治疗方法。方法:36例经病理学或细胞学确诊为进展期胃癌的患者,给予紫杉醇35 mg/m2,第1、8天静滴,顺铂20 mg/(m2·d),第1、2、3天静滴,氟尿嘧啶500 mg/m2持续静滴,第1~5天,28天为1个周期,连用2个周期后评价疗效。按照实体瘤疗效评价标准(RECIST)评价客观疗效,按世界卫生组织(WHO)标准评价不良反应。结果:所有患者均接受2个周期的化疗后进行治疗效果的评价。36例进展期胃癌中2例达到CR,17例PR,9例SD,8例PD,总有效率为52.8%,临床受益率为72.2%。镜检25例(69.4%)出现组织病理学改变,如肿瘤组织坏死、淋巴细胞浸润、癌细胞凋亡、以及间质水肿纤维组织增生等。主要毒性反应为骨髓抑制、消化道反应和脱发,其中白细胞减少发生率为47.2%,恶心、呕吐的发生率为41.7%,脱发反应发生率为55.6%。全组未见化疗相关性死亡。结论:紫杉醇联合顺铂和5-氟尿嘧啶的联合化疗方案是治疗进展期胃癌具有较好的总有效率和临床受益率,毒副反应可耐受,可使肿瘤组织产生显著的组织病理学改变,可改善患者的生存质量,是治疗进展期胃癌有效安全的方法之一,值得进一步研究。     

胰岛素样生长因子-1 受体(IGF-IR)在乳腺癌组织中的表达及其 临床意义初探

目的:检测分析胰岛素样生长因子-1受体(IGF-IR)在乳腺癌组织中的表达状况及其临床意义。方法:应用半运用半定量RT-PCR方法分析84例乳腺癌和癌旁正常乳腺组织中IGF-1R基因mRNA的表达水平,并分析其表达与患者临床病理特征及预后之间的关系。结果:乳腺癌组织中IGF-1R基因mRNA表达水平显著高于癌旁乳腺组织,二者具有统计学差别(P<0.001)。乳腺癌组织中IGF-1R基因mRNA表达水平与肿瘤组织分化程度及乳腺癌患者的TNM分期和淋巴结转移情况显著相关(P值分别是0.005,0.025和0.041)。另外,高表达IGF-1R的乳腺癌患者的五年总体生存率(38.3%)显著高于低表达IGF-1R的患者(49.7%;P=0.009)。多因素COX模型分析结果表明:IGF-1R基因mRNA表达水平是乳腺癌患者的一个独立预后分子(HR=2.78,95%CI:1.94-3.94,P=0.041)。结论:IGF-1R基因表达水平上调在乳腺癌发展过程中起着重要的作用。IGF-1R基因mRNA表达水平有望成为临床乳腺癌患者预后判断的一个重要分子标志物。     

减量依托泊苷联合顺铂治疗高龄小细胞肺癌的临床观察

目的:观察减量依托泊苷联合顺铂(EP)方案治疗高龄(≥70岁)小细胞肺癌(small-cell lung cancer,SCLC)的临床疗效和安全性。方法:收集2010年1月至2014年12月江苏省徐州市中心医院肿瘤内科初治的高龄SCLC患者30例,采用减量的EP方案化疗,观察其客观缓解率(objective response rate,ORR)、毒副反应的发生情况、无进展生存期(progression-free survival,PFS)、总生存期(overall survival,OS)及1年、2年、3年生存率。结果:高龄组一线减量EP方案化疗ORR为66.7%。局限期与广泛期中位PFS分别为10.0个月和9.0个月,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。局限期与广泛期中位OS分别为19.0个月和17.0个月,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。局限期与广泛期1年生存率分别为71.4%和68.8%,2年生存率分别为50.0%和25.0%,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。局限期与广泛期3年生存率分别为35.7%和0%,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。高龄组一线减量EP方案化疗III~IV级血液学毒性、恶心呕吐及乏力的发生率均≤20%。结论:减量EP方案治疗高龄小细胞肺癌疗效确切,毒副反应可耐受。     

两种的晚期胃癌化疗方案的疗效及成本对比研究

目的:运用药物疗效及经济学方法研究CS辅助化疗与ECF化疗方案,进行成本效果对比分析,为临床合理选用胃癌化疗方案提供参考。方法:选择67例中晚期胃癌患者,随机分为A组(CS,32例)组和B组(ECF组,35例),A组给予CS方案辅助化疗,B组给予ECF方案化疗,3个周期为l疗程,均治疗3个疗程后评价治疗效果及副作用,进行成本效果分析。结果:A组与B组治疗效果比较差异无显著性差异(P>0.05),A组治疗的有较低的相关死亡率,但与B组比较差异无统计学意义(3.13%vs8.57%,P>0.05),A组Ⅲ/Ⅳ度中性粒细胞降低(12.56%vs 37.14%)、Ⅲ/Ⅳ度粒细胞减少性发热(3.13%vs 20.0%)、Ⅲ/Ⅳ度口腔粘膜炎(3.13%vs 22.90%)、肾毒性(15.6%vs 37.10%)、严重低钾血症(6.30%vs 40.0%)的发生率均低于B组(P<0.05)。A组成本较高,并且由于成本增加,有较高的成本效益比。结论:CS方案虽然有较好安全性,但因成本增加,有较高的成本效益比,患者应根据经济能力选择合适的治疗方案。     

美罗华对CD20阳性NHL患者血清LDH、β2-微球蛋白及预后的影响

目的:分析美罗华对CD20阳性非霍奇金淋巴瘤(NHL)患者血清乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、β2-微球蛋白(β2-MG)水平及预后的影响。方法:对2004年1月-2011年6月在我院收治的86例NHL患者,分别采用CHOP(对照组,n=48)与RCHOP(治疗组,n=48)2种不同的方案进行化疗,每21天为一个周期,共6个周期。比较两组临床疗效、不良反应、LDH和β2-MG水平变化及预后。结果:治疗组的ORR和DCR分别为77.1%和89.6%,均显著高于对照组56.3%和72.9%(P0.05);化疗后,两组血清LDH、β2-MG均较化疗前明显下降,而治疗组化疗后血清LDH、β2-MG均显著低于对照组(P0.05);治疗组白细胞减少、恶心呕吐的并发症高于对照组(P0.05);化疗后1、2年生存率两组之间均无显著性差异(P0.05),而治疗组化疗后3年生存率明显升高(P0.05)。结论:美罗华联合CHOP方案治疗CD20阳性NHL患者疗效明显,且耐受性好,可有效调节血清LDH、β2-MG水平,提高缓解率,改善患者预后。     

西妥昔单抗联合化疗治疗K-Ras野生型转移性结直肠癌的疗效及其影响因素分析

目的:探讨西妥昔单抗联合化疗治疗K-Ras野生型转移性结直肠癌(mCRC)的疗效及其影响因素。方法:选取2013年1月～2015年1月河北北方学院附属第一医院收治的K-Ras野生型mCRC患者96例,按照随机数字表法将患者分为对照组(n=48)和观察组(n=48)。对照组给予常规化疗方案治疗,观察组在此基础上给予西妥昔单抗治疗。比较两组临床疗效、中位无进展生存期(PFS)、中位总生存期(OS)以及不良反应发生情况,并分析观察组治疗疗效的影响因素。结果:观察组客观有效率(ORR)和疾病控制率(DCR)分别为54.17%和91.67%,均高于对照组的31.25%和81.25%(P0.05)。观察组患者中位PFS和中位OS均较对照组长(P0.05)。观察组皮肤痤疮样病变发生率高于对照组(P0.05)。单因素分析显示,西妥昔单抗联合化疗治疗K-Ras野生型mCRC的ORR、DCR与年龄、肿瘤部位、肿瘤转移部位、肿瘤分化程度以及西妥昔单抗治疗时间有关(P0.05)。结论:西妥昔单抗联合化疗治疗K-Ras野生型mCRC疗效确切,预后较好,患者对不良反应可耐受,患者年龄、肿瘤部位、转移部位、分化程度及西妥昔单抗治疗时间可能是其疗效的影响因素。     

CVTP联合化疗方案对初治和复治难治恶性淋巴瘤的临床疗效研究

目的:比较环磷酰胺-西艾克-吡柔比星-泼尼松(Cyclophosphamidum-Vindesine-Tetrahydropyranyl-Prednisone,CVTP)联合化疗方案对初治和复治、难治恶性淋巴瘤的临床疗效。方法:按照化疗史将102例恶性淋巴瘤患者分为初治组59例和复治难治组43例,两组患者均给予CVTP联合化疗方案治疗,比较两组化疗效果、外周血淋巴细胞亚群、毒副反应差别。结果:初治组患者部分缓解(partial remission,PR)率和总有效率(overall response rate,ORR)均显著高于对复治难治组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);初治组患者治疗后CD3~+、CD4~+、CD4~+/CD8~++、NK细胞含量均显著高于复治难治组,CD8~+水平显著低于复治难治组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);初治组患者化疗期间白细胞下降、血红蛋白下降、血小板减少、恶心呕吐发生率均显著低于复治难治组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:CVTP联合化疗方案治疗初治恶性淋巴瘤近期疗效优于复治难治患者。     

Characteristics of the membranes of the pellicle of the ciliatePseudomicrothorax dubius

Summary The membranes of the pellicle of the ciliatePseudomicrothorax dubius are investigated using thin section electron microscopy and freeze-fracture replicas. The plasma membrane is covered by a surface coat and is connected to the outer alveolar membrane by short, sometimes branched, bridges. The inner alveolar membrane is coated on both sides. The epiplasm lies in intimate contact with the cytoplasmic surface of this membrane, and there is a corresponding deposit on the other surface. This deposit is regularly striated.The epiplasmic layer and the alveoli are interrupted at sites of cytotic activity,e.g., the attachment sites of trichocysts, the cytoproct, and the parasomal sacs. The striated deposit ends where the epiplasm ends, indicating a direct relationship between these two epimembranous layers.There is a deposit along the sides of the first part of the tip of the trichocysts, and in this region the trichocyst membrane is free of intramembranous particles.The membrane of the parasomal sacs has a coat on both surfaces. That on the extraplasmic surface is similar to the surface coat of the plasma membrane. The origin of the cytoplasmic coat is unknown. The cytotic activity of these sacs is indicated by their highly irregular profiles.     

The early development of the tail and the transformation of the shape of the nucleus of the spermatid of the domestic fowl,Gallus gallus

Summary The differentiation of the spermatid, especially in reference to the formation of the flagellum, and transformation of the shape of the nucleus was investigated in the domestic fowl.In the early stage of the spermatid, a prominent Golgi apparatus appears around the centrioles. The Golgi vesicles then surround the axial-filament complex which develops from the distal centriole. These vesicles fuse to form continuous membrane at the earliest stage of flagellar formation, and in the succeeding stage Golgi lamellae are attached to the plasma membrane of the developing flagellum. From these observations, it is assumed that Golgi apparatus may be a source of the membrane system of the flagellum.The microtubules distributed around the nucleus form the circular manchette. The anterior region of the nucleus with the manchette is cylindrical in shape and the posterior region without it remains irregular in shape. When the circular manchette has been completed, the whole nucleus acquires a slender cylindrical shape. The circular manchette then changes into the longitudinal manchette. The nuclei of spermatids without a longitudinal manchette are abnormal in shape. In view of these observations it is assumed that the nuclear shaping of the spermatid may be accomplished by circular manchette and the maintenance of shape of the elongated nucleus by longitudinal manchette.The authors wish to thank Mr. Takayuki Mori for his helpful suggestions and technical advices     

Characterization of the composition of the aqueous humor and the vitreous body of the eye of the frog Rana temporaria L

This study aimed to analyze the aqueous humor (AH) and the vitreous body (VB) of the eye of the adult frog Rana temporaria L. as a representative species of amphibians, which lead a semi-terrestrial life. The presence of collagen, albumin, uric acid and electron donors was shown in both media; however, there are slight differences in their concentrations. To determine collagen, a spectral-fluorescent probe, cyanine dye, was used. The presence of collagen in AH of the frog was found at the first time. The total content of electron donors (ascorbic and uric acids, tryptophan, and tyrosine) in VB and HA was roughly estimated at ~ 1.5 × 10^− 4 mol/L. Both VB and AH absorb light in similar UV regions. The total protein and albumin contents in AH were found to be somewhat higher than those in VB. The uric acid content was at an equally low level in both intraocular media. It is supposed that the similarity of VB and AH compositions shown in this work is due to some exchange between VB and AH contents in the course of accommodation. The role of intraocular fluids in physiological functions of the eye and in protecting the retina against UV light is discussed.     

Observations on the permeability of the choriocapillaris of the eye

Summary The choriocapillaris is a fenestrated capillary bed located posterior to the retinal pigment epithelium. It serves as the main source of supply to the photoreceptors, retinal pigment epithelium, and other cells of the outer retina. The permeability of these capillaries to intravenously injected ferritin (MW — approx. 480,000; mol. diam. 11 nm) was examined in the mouse, rabbit, and guinea pig, each of which is characterized by a different type of retinal vascularization. In all three species, the bulk of the ferritin remained in the capillary lumina, where it appeared to be blocked at the level of the diaphragmed fenestrae. Some ferritin was present in endothelial cell vacuoles. The results confirm previous work on the rat choriocapillaris and indicate that the barrier function of the choriocapillary endothelium is present even among species in which the retinal circulation differs significantly.Supported by NIH grant EY03418