核转录因子Yin Yang-1在肿瘤中的研究进展

Yin Yang-1(YY1)属于GLI-Krüppel转录因子家族,其基因进化保守,在人类多种组织中广泛表达。YY1参与多种基本生物学过程如胚胎形成、染色质重塑、细胞组织分化等,具有非常复杂的功能机制。YY1基因敲除后的小鼠胚胎期死亡。近年来有关YY1在肿瘤发生及治疗中作用的研究报道很多,我们对YY1在肿瘤中的表达,及其在肿瘤发生、侵袭转移、治疗中的作用和机制进行简要综述。     

抑癌基因HLJ1与肿瘤的演进

HLJ1基因是一新发现的抑癌基因,属于Dnaj类HSP40家族,其与肿瘤的复发、转移密切相关。文章着重介绍了HLJ1通过上调STAT1、p21WAF1的表达及下调CyclinD1的表达来调控细胞周期,通过加强c．iun氨基端激酶活性和激活Caspase-3来促进紫外线诱导的癌细胞凋亡以及通过影响肌动蛋白聚合重组来改变肿瘤细胞运动和侵袭能力等。此外还有HU1对NPM1的双向调节、转录因子YY1增强HLJ1启动子活性、HU1调控钙黏蛋白E和CIM4等下游基因表达的研究。HLJ1基因在肿瘤发生发展中作用机制的阐明可为下一步的科学研究和临床应用提供新思路。     

Gankyrin与消化系统肿瘤关系的研究进展

消化系统肿瘤与多种肿瘤相关基因的异常表达密切相关,Gankyrin是一种癌基因,于肝癌、结直肠癌、胰腺癌等消化系统肿瘤中高表达,并通过依赖泛素的蛋白酶解系统介导多种转录因子、细胞周期调控蛋白以及抑癌蛋白如p53、Rb等的降解。研究表明,Gankyrin在消化系统肿瘤形成及细胞的生长周期调控中发挥重要作用,在消化系统肿瘤的早期诊断及判断预后方面具有一定的应用前景,同时也可能成为消化系统肿瘤基因治疗的潜在靶点。     

USP22在转录调控及肿瘤发生中的作用

泛素特异性蛋白酶22（ubiquitin specific protease 22,USP22）是一种组蛋白去泛素化酶,在核受体介导的基因转录调控中起增强转录活性的作用。USP22在肿瘤发生、发展中发挥着重要作用,影响癌基因c-Myc介导的基因转录,从而促进肿瘤的增殖和生长;另一方面,USP22可改变远上游识别序列结合蛋白1（far upstream element—binding protein1,FBP1）的泛素化水平,从而影响FBP1下游的抑癌基因p21的表达。USP22与胃癌、大肠癌、乳腺癌及膀胱癌等肿瘤的病理进程相关。此外,USP22在端粒稳态的维持中起作用。本文主要综述USP22参与核受体介导的基因转录调控的表观遗传学机制及其在肿瘤发生中的作用。     

Gankyrin 与消化系统肿瘤关系的研究进展

消化系统肿瘤与多种肿瘤相关基因的异常表达密切相关,Gankyrin 是一种癌基因,于肝癌、结直肠癌、胰腺癌等消化系统肿 瘤中高表达,并通过依赖泛素的蛋白酶解系统介导多种转录因子、细胞周期调控蛋白以及抑癌蛋白如p53、Rb 等的降解。研究表 明,Gankyrin 在消化系统肿瘤形成及细胞的生长周期调控中发挥重要作用,在消化系统肿瘤的早期诊断及判断预后方面具有一 定的应用前景,同时也可能成为消化系统肿瘤基因治疗的潜在靶点。     

长链非编码RNA通过细胞核高级结构调控真核基因表达及其临床意义

长链非编码RNA(long non-coding RNA, lncRNA)是一类转录本长度超过200nt、不编码蛋白质的RNA。近年来,随着染色质构象捕获及转录组测序等技术的发展,lncRNA与染色质构象间的关系越来越受到重视。多项研究表明,lncRNA在基因调控网络中具有重要的作用,可通过影响细胞核高级结构的动态变化来调控真核基因的表达。因其广泛的基因调控功能及在肿瘤发生过程中的重要作用,lncRNA被认为是未来肿瘤临床诊断和预后判定的新型标志物之一。本文旨在介绍lncRNA改变细胞核高级结构从而调控关键基因表达的分子机制,并详细介绍lncRNA在肿瘤治疗中的临床意义。     

SP1介导的信号转导通路对恶性肿瘤形成的作用

转录因子SP1为一种序列特异性的DNA结合蛋白,广泛存在组织的细胞核,SP1异常表达与肿瘤发生、发展及预后关系密切。SP1蛋白主要通过TGF-β经典信号通路、ERK信号通路、PI_3K/Akt信号通路、Wnt/β-catenin经典信号通路,调控血管生成相关因子、癌基因、抑癌基因、细胞周期调控分子等转录活性及其表达,促进肿瘤生长、转移、抑制肿瘤细胞凋亡。深入研究SP1及其相关信号通路将有利于进一步了解肿瘤发生及转移的机理,为肿瘤的靶向性基因治疗提供更好的、新的分子干预靶点和途径。     

H19／IGF2基因印记调控机制研究进展

H19／IGF2基因是目前发现的为数不多的印记基因之一,两基因定位相近,表达调控相关,对个体的生长、发育及行为发展有重要作用,H19／IGF2印记异常与许多肿瘤的发生有关。H19／IGF2基因印记调控机制非常复杂,近年的研究发现与其共同竞争一套增强子、等位基因的差异性甲基化、染色质构型以及转录周期有关,但尚未形成公认的统一调节机制。     

JunD的结构功能特征及其在肿瘤发展中的作用

JunD是一种属于多功能激活剂蛋白-1（activating protein-1,AP-1) 家族的转录因子,可以激活或抑制多种靶基因的表达.在生长发育过程中,在各种细胞类型中都呈现出组成性表达.近20年的临床数据及分子生物学研究表明,JunD蛋白的功能受多个复杂过程调控,包括转录控制、转录后调节、蛋白质翻译后修饰及蛋白-蛋白相互作用等.JunD基因表达的精细调控及JunD蛋白与其它蛋白之间的相互作用可调节细胞增殖、分化和凋亡等过程.JunD蛋白活性异常会导致肿瘤、代谢及病毒类疾病的发生.JunD蛋白的转录激活及抑制受1个复杂调控网络调控,在这个网络调节下,JunD蛋白在细胞的生长调控过程中发挥重要作用.本文就JunD基因表达的调控机制及其与肿瘤之间关系的最新研究进展做一综述.     

转录因子BACH1与人类肿瘤

转录因子BACH1在哺乳动物组织中广泛表达,参与调控血红素稳态和氧化应激等生理过程。BACH1不仅在转录水平调控HMGA2、CXCR4、MMPs、RKIP、HOXB8、HO-1、CXCR3-B和TKT等基因,还通过高甲基化修饰等表观遗传调控机制使特定抑癌基因转录沉默,从而促进肿瘤发生发展。近年研究发现,BACH1参与肿瘤代谢重编程,促进肿瘤血管和淋巴管的新生和重构,从而增强肿瘤细胞的侵袭转移。该文综述了近年BACH1在肿瘤中的研究进展。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.