ÜberEuphrasia picta Wimmer

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UeberMelica picta C. Koch

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The physiology of hibernation among painted turtles: the Eastern painted turtle Chrysemys picta picta.

Eastern painted turtles (Chrysemys picta picta) from Connecticut were submerged at 3 degrees C in normoxic and anoxic water to simulate potential respiratory environments within their hibernacula. Those in normoxic water could survive submergence for at least 150 d, while those in anoxic water could survive for a maximum of about 125 d. Turtles in normoxic water developed a slight metabolic acidosis as plasma lactate accumulated to about 50 mM in 150 d, while anoxic turtles developed a severe lactic acidosis as plasma lactate reached about 200 mM in 125 d; there was no respiratory acidosis in either group. Plasma [Na+] changed little in either group, [Cl-] fell by about one-third in both, and [K+] increased by about fourfold in anoxic turtles but only slightly in those in normoxic water. Total plasma magnesium and calcium increased profoundly in anoxic turtles but moderately in those in normoxic water. Consideration of charge balance indicates that all major ions were measured in both groups. Plasma glucose remained unchanged in anoxic turtles until after about 75 d of submergence, when it increased and continued to increase with the duration of anoxia, with much variation among individuals; glucose remained unchanged throughout in turtles in normoxic water. Hematocrit doubled in 150 d in turtles in normoxic water; in anoxic turtles, an initial increase was no longer significant by day 100. Plasma osmolality increased markedly in anoxic turtles, largely because of accumulation of lactate, but anoxic turtles only gained about half the mass of turtles in normoxic water, who showed no increase in osmolality. The higher weight gain in the latter group is attributed to selective perfusion and ventilation of extrapulmonary gas exchange surfaces, resulting in a greater osmotic influx of water. The physiologic responses to simulated hibernation of C. picta picta are intermediate between those of Chrysemys picta bellii and Chrysemys picta dorsalis, which correlates with the severity of the winter each subspecies would be expected to encounter.     

A new record ofMycena picta from Japan

Mycena picta, a rare species of Agaricales, is reported for the first time from Japan, based on specimens collected in Hokkaido.     

Isoflavanones from Uraria picta and their antimicrobial activity

Two isoflavanones, 5,7-dihydroxy-2'-methoxy-3',4'-methylenedioxyisoflavanone (2) and 4',5-dihydroxy-2',3'-dimethoxy-7-(5- hydroxyoxychromen-7yl)-isoflavanone (4) along with six known compounds including isoflavanones, triterpenes and steroids were isolated from the roots of Uraria picta. The structures of these compounds were established unambiguously by UV, IR, MS and a series of 1D and 2D NMR analyses. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) for these compounds were found to be in the range of 12.5-200 microg/ml against bacteria (both Gram positive and Gram negative) and fungi.     

Excurrent duct system of the male turtle Chrysemys picta

The epididymis and efferent duct system of the turtle Chrysemys picta were examined. Seminiferous tubules are drained by a series of ducts that form a rete exterior to the tunica albuginea. The rete is located lateral to the testis and consists of anastamosing tubules of varying diameters, lined by a simple epithelium consisting of squamous to cuboidal cells. The rete is highly vascularized. A series of tubules (efferent ductules) connect the rete to the epididymis proper. The efferent ductules are highly convoluted, running between the epididymal tubules and are of varying diameters. The simple columnar epithelium lining these tubules possesses tight junctions, with every third or fourth cell possessing long cilia that protrude into the lumen. The cytoplasm of these epithelial cells contains abundant mitochondria. In the central portion of the efferent ductule, epithelial cells possess granules that appear to be secreted into the lumen by an apocrine process. The epididymis proper is a single, long, highly convoluted tubule that receives efferent ductules along its entire length. It is lined by a pseudostratified epithelium containing several cell types. The most abundant cell (vesicular cell) lacks cilia, but has a darkly staining apical border due to numerous small vesicles immediately beneath the luminal membrane. The small vesicles appear to fuse with each other basally to form larger vesicles. These cells appear to have an absorptive function, and occasionally sperm are embedded in their cytoplasm. The second-most abundant cell is a basal cell found along the basement membrane. The number of these cells fluctuates throughout the year, being most abundant in late summer and early fall. A small narrow cell with an oval nucleus and darkly staining cytoplasm, extending from the basement membrane to the apical surface, is present in small numbers, particularly in the caudal regions of the epididymis. This cell is frequently found in association with another narrow cell having a rounded nucleus and abundant mitochondria in its cytoplasm.     

Herpesvirus-like infection in a painted turtle (Chrysemys picta)

A painted turtle (Chrysemys picta) which died in captivity had marked necrosis in the liver and lungs with numerous intranuclear inclusion bodies in hepatocytes and respiratory epithelial cells. Electron microscopy revealed herpesvirus-like particles in cells in affected tissues.     

Chromosome complements of Gobionellus microdon and Eleotris picta collected in Mexico

The karyotype of Gobionellus microdon has a diploid number of 2N = 56 and a fundamental number of FN = 66 with a chromosome formula of 4M + 6sm+46st,a. Eleotris picta has 52     

二纹蕈甲成虫触角的感器类型与分布特点

利用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）对二纹蕈甲Dacnepicta Crotch的触角感器进行了观察。发现该虫的触角感器有6种类型,分别为毛形感器、刺形感器、锥形感器、栓锥形感器、钟形感器和B曲m氏鬃毛。其中,锥形感器有4种形态,刺形感器具有3种形态,毛形感器、栓锥形感器和钟形感器各有1种形态。感器的数量和分布在触角的每一节上差异较大。     

The Biological Significance of the Pair-bond in the Shrimp Hymenocera picta

The painted shrimp exhibits a social system of “relative monogamy”. The selective consequences of mate attachment for the individuals have been studied by long term observations and experiments.     

Antennal sensilla of adult Dacne picta observed with scanning electron microscope

利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对二纹蕈甲Dacne picta Crotch的触角感器进行了观察.发现该虫的触角感器有6种类型,分别为毛形感器、刺形感器、锥形感器、栓锥形感器、钟形感器和B(o)hm氏鬃毛.其中,锥形感器有4种形态,刺形感器具有3种形态,毛形感器、栓锥形感器和钟形感器各有1种形态.感器的数量和分布在触角的每一节上差异较大.     

Isolation of polymorphic tetranucleotide microsatellite markers for the pygmy kingfisher Ceyx picta

We have isolated 13 polymorphic microsatellite markers for the pygmy kingfisher, Ceyx picta, from genomic libraries enriched for either (AAGG)_n or (AACC)_n repetitive elements. The number of alleles range from three to 15 per locus with an observed heterozygosity ranging from 0.46 to 1.00. These markers will be useful for analysis of questions concerning population genetic structure and models of speciation.     

A Test for Female Attraction to Male Orange Coloration in Poecilia picta

Examining the distribution of female preference and attractive male secondary sexual characters in closely related species can help evaluate the various models for the evolution of female preference. We examined whether orange coloration in males was attractive to females of Poecilia picta, a species in the same subgenus as the guppy, P. reticulata. Females did not respond differently to males with or without a conspicuous orange stripe on the dorsum of the tail, a characteristic ornamentation of the male of this species. This lack of preference in a taxon that possesses a conspicuous, secondary sexual character directly contradicts the predictions of the sensory exploitation hypothesis for the evolution of female preference, but may support a model of antagonistic sexual selection proposed by Rice (1996).     

Normal embryonic stages of the western painted turtle, Chrysemys picta bellii

Twenty-three stages in the embryonic development of the western painted turtle, Chrysemys picta bellii are described. The staging is based primarily on morphological changes, as well as age and size of the embryo.     

Seasonal variations in oviductal morphology of the painted turtle,Chrysemys picta

Histology of each of the five segments of the oviduct of the female turtle Chrysemys picta was described for successive intervals throughout their annual cycle. Uterine and glandular segments showed marked seasonal variations in the extent and content of the submucosal and epithelial glands. Submucosal glands were most prominent in preovulatory and postovulatory animals (May to June), regressing in late summer (oviposited animals) and recrudescing the following spring. These changes correlated with variations in the muscularis layer, the number of uterine epithelial blebs, oviductal vascularity, and the presence of eosinophils in cervical segment cross-sections. These cyclic seasonal changes are discussed in relationship to reported seasonal changes in gonadal steroids in this species. Hormonal control was corroborated by oviductal response to estradiol-17β injected (1 mg/kg daily for 2 weeks) into mature, reproductively inactive (winter) animals. This treatment induced increases in glandular activity, vascularity, and distribution of eosinophils comparable to those of reproductively active (summer) animals.